Boldface第4题和第8题及几个术语的再解释

以下是引用fyhllj在2003-9-26 11:08:00的发言：
第四题：

4. More and more computer programs that provide solutions to mathematical problems in engineering are being produced, and it is thus increasingly unnecessary for practicing engineers to have a thorough understanding of fundamental mathematical principles. Consequently, in training engineers who will work in industry, less emphasis should be placed on mathematical principles, so that space in the engineering curriculum will be available for other important subjects.
The two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first is the second-premise that the argument includes; the second is the conclusion that could be drawn from this passage.
(B) The first is the fact that is necessary for this argument; the second is the conclusion that must be drawn from this passage.
(C) The first is the part of premise that the argument includes; the second is the inference that could be drawn from this passage.
(D) The first is the part of evidence that supports this argument; the second is the inference that could be drawn from this passage.
(E) The first is the first conclusion in this argument; the second is the second conclusion in this argument.


解答：

1。More and more computer programs that provide solutions to mathematical problems in engineering are being produced。 是一个fact,不是premise.
2.it is thus increasingly unnecessary for practicing engineers to have a thorough understanding of fundamental mathematical principles.是根据第一句话得出的一个结论。但同时又是第四句话的premise.
3。 Consequently, in training engineers who will work in industry, less emphasis should be placed on mathematical principles 这半句话实际上是第二句话的inference.实际上是原句的同义变换。
4。so that space in the engineering curriculum will be available for other important subjects. 是作者的结论，但绝不是inference。

选项e: The first is the first conclusion in this argument(其并没有反对其作premise的作用）
the second is the second conclusion in this argument.
但是选项c: The first is the part of premise that the argument includes.却误把第一句也作为premise而实际上，他是一个fact.

that is why we should choose e rather than c.

关于inference and conclusion:

inference :inference let you say sth that the author said using indirectly way. 通常我们只对文章中的句子进行同义词转换或句型转换局可以了。
despite the fact that the （definition） of useful on Earth has become more （far-reaching in recent years）==〉The （notion） of what is useful on Earth （is not necessarily constant）
但再进一步的推出就是结论而不是暗示。
In oder to justify the cost of space exploration, we must show that space is worth understanding for its own sake可以是一种结论。
we think we should cancel space exploiration because its huge cost.可以是另一种结论。
当然你也可以得出更多的结论。

以下是引用fyhllj在2003-9-26 12:23:00的发言：
consideration and evidence:

Consideration:

I think it is a factor to be considered in forming a judgment or decision: Safety is the most important consideration in choosing a car.

Evidence:

A thing or things helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment: Scientists weigh the evidence for and against a hypothesis.

In one word, consideration is you have to think about it when forming a desion and evidence is that for or against your opinion based on that

consideration是在作决定时必须要考虑的。
evidence是对你的决定进行支持。
举个例子：
决定去读MBA。
读MBA的投资是否值得？
读MBA可以挣大钱。
第一个就是consideration，而第二个是evidience.

希望解释清楚了。