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地板
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发表于 2012-2-19 23:22:39
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今天的3个例子来了~
1． Louisiana Purchase-路易斯安那购地—自己做决定的重要性
关键词：Thomas Jefferson, unconstitutional, opposition, at a critical juncture
主要内容：
第一段带有中文翻译，第二段只有英文，这两段应该足够大家看懂了整个事件的背景了。
The land included in the purchase comprises around 23% of the territory of the modern United States. The purchase was an important moment in the presidency of Thomas Jefferson. At the time, it faced domestic opposition as being possibly unconstitutional. Although he felt that the Constitution did not contain any provisions for acquiring territory, Jefferson decided to purchase Louisiana because he felt uneasy about France and Spain having the power to block American traders' access to the port of New Orleans.
此次购买的土地包含了现代美国领土约23%的面积，是托马斯"杰弗逊执政时期的一项重大事宜。当时，这项提议面临着国内极大反对的声浪，认为这不符合宪法的规定。尽管杰弗逊认为宪法没有包含任何关于获取领土的规定，但是他依然决定购买路易斯安那，因为他担心法国和西班牙在当时拥有过大的实力来阻隔美国通向新奥尔良地区的商路。
France' offer to sell the vast Louisiana Territory to the United States in 1803 sparked a constitutional dilemma. President Thomas Jefferson wanted to purchase the territory, which would double the size of the United States. But Jefferson also favored a narrow interpretation of the Constitution—and nowhere did it provide for acquiring additional territory. Because of the need to act quickly on the deal, there was no time to amend the Constitution. Instead, the Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans in Congress passed legislation that gave the President permission to sign a treaty to receive the territory, and Congress appropriated the money to pay for it. Congress acted under the provision of the Constitution (Article 5, Section 3) that gave Congress the power to regulate the territories, arguing that that power included the right to purchase new territories. Congress and the President therefore stretched the Constitution to fit new circumstances and solve their dilemma.
2. Alaska Purchase—take risks 的意义
关键词：“Seward’s Folly”, gold was discovered in Alaska in 1897, the deal paid off thousands of times over.
主要内容：
你怎么评断一个州的价值？在1867年3月30日，国务卿威廉．西华 (William H. Seward) 同意从苏联手中以7百万美金的代价买下阿拉斯加地区。你是否觉得用来购买这片没经过探索的土地的代价太过于昂贵了呢？在那个时候，有人批评西华疯了，并称这个为「西华的蠢事」。因为以这么高的代价买下这个「西华的冰柜」，以及安德鲁．詹森的「北极熊的花园」，西华遭到各界的嘲笑。
How much do you think a state is worth? On March 30, 1867, Secretary of State William H. Seward agreed to purchase Alaska from Russia for $7 million. Do you think this was too much to pay for a piece of land that was mostly unexplored? At the time, critics thought Seward was crazy and called the deal "Seward's folly." Seward was laughed at for his willingness to spend so much on "Seward's icebox" and Andrew Johnson's "polar bear garden."
但是西华很久以前就想要买下阿拉斯加了。阿拉斯加的幅员广大，可以让美国领土扩大20％。俄国在18世纪早期就在阿拉斯加地区创建基地，并且在詹姆士．布坎南 (James Buchanan) 总统在位时就想要卖给美国。但是因为内战的爆发，两国的谈判宣告中断。战争退出之后，西华花了很多心力说服参议院，让议员们相信阿拉斯加对美国是相当重要的。参议院最后以一票之差批准购买条约，决定购买阿拉斯加。你觉得买下阿拉斯加是聪明的吗？
But Seward had wanted to buy Alaska for a long time. Alaska is so large that the addition of this land would increase the size of the U.S. by nearly 20 percent. Russia had established a presence in Alaska in the early 18th century and offered to sell it to the United States during President James Buchanan's administration. But the Civil War stalled negotiations. After the war, it was not easy for Seward to convince the Senate that Alaska would be an important addition to the United States. The Senate ratified the treaty that approved the purchase by just one vote. Was buying Alaska a good move?
最后事实证明，购买阿拉斯加是相当正确的决定。大量金矿在1880年代与1890年代被发现。这些发现让阿拉斯加得到政府的注意，也吸引了许多人前往。现在，藉由油管从阿拉斯加传到美国本土的石油，也是当地方丰富矿产之一。你知道阿拉斯加什么时候成为美国的一州吗？
Ultimately, buying Alaska proved to be a very good move. Major discoveries of gold were made there in the 1880s and 1890s. These discoveries brought attention and people to Alaska. Today, petroleum transported across the state through a pipeline is Alaska's richest mineral resource. Do you know when Alaska became a state?
在1946年，阿拉斯加自主成为一州，并且在1955年制订州宪法。1959年1月3日，艾森豪(Eisenhower)总统宣布阿拉斯加正式添加联邦，成为美国的第49州。你知道阿拉斯加这个全美国最大的州现在价值多少钱吗？
In 1946, Alaskans approved statehood and adopted a constitution in 1955. On January 3, 1959, President Eisenhower announced Alaska's entrance into the Union as the 49th state. How much do you think Alaska, the nation's largest state, would be worth today?
The nickname of the 49th state, Alaska, is the "Last Frontier." Purchased from Russia for $7 million in 1867, Alaska is the largest state in area and is the largest peninsula in the Western Hemisphere. Mt. McKinley in the Alaska Range is North America's highest peak at 20,320 feet and one of the greatest challenges for mountain climbers. Juneau is the state's capital, and the state flower is the pale-blue forget-me-not.
身为美国第49州的阿拉斯加，是1867年时，以美金七百万的代价，自苏俄手中购得，因而它的别名是「最后的荒野」(Last Frontier)。阿拉斯加是美国50州内面积最大的州，也是西半球最大的半岛。阿拉斯加山脉的马金利山是登山者的极致挑战，高20,320英尺的它是北美洲境内最高的一座山。阿拉斯加的首府是朱诺(Juneau)，而它的州花是淡蓝色的勿忘我。
3. Mt.Rushmore National Memorial.——按计划工作还是有意义的工作。
简介：originally intended to be a tribute to figures from the Old West, ended up with George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson and Theodore Roosevelt.
这个资料比较少，大家看看有没有谁可以完善一下，我没太找得到。。。 |
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发表于 2012-2-19 22:35:36
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