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之前大家对揽瓜阁精读的反馈很好，就想着自己的时间开始把一些精读的文章根据JJ出题目～ 然后focus上线，IR需求 大家也大。就想着 把揽瓜阁的阅读 逻辑 IR 都放在这贴里打卡
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1.CR
An auditor informs a company about a fraud inspection scheduled for one week later. The author argues that this approach is misguided, as it allows those involved in fraudulent activities sufficient time to cover up any evidence.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the author's argument that notifying companies in advance is not an effective strategy for fraud detection?
A) Auditors usually find it more challenging to detect evidence of a cover-up than to find direct evidence of fraud.
B) Most companies that engage in fraudulent activities also have sophisticated methods to hide their wrongdoings during audits.
C) Audits conducted without prior notice have historically led to a higher detection rate of fraudulent activities.
D) Employees involved in fraudulent activities are likely to confess when they know an audit is imminent.
E) Covering up fraudulent activities often requires more time than the one-week notice period provided by auditors.
Over the last century, linguists have extensively studied various languages, uncovering that no animal communication system exhibits discrete combinatorial syntax. They have therefore concluded that animal communication systems do not qualify as natural languages. Which of the following is an assumption that the argument critically depends upon?
A) Every natural language fundamentally requires discrete combinatorial syntax.
B) Some natural languages may not have discrete combinatorial syntax.
C) Animal communication systems are primarily based on simple signaling rather than syntax.
D) The complexity of natural languages is not solely defined by their syntax.
E) Discrete combinatorial syntax is a characteristic exclusive to human languages.
答案:
CA
The global economic landscape has undergone a profound transformation, marked by the ascendancy of the "symbol" economy—characterized by capital movements, exchange rates, and credit flows—over the "real" economy, which encompasses the exchange of goods and services. This shift, while highly conspicuous, remains poorly understood, with the two economies seemingly operating on increasingly divergent planes.
World trade in goods and services has reached unprecedented levels, amounting to approximately $2.5 to $3 trillion annually. However, this figure pales in comparison to the staggering $75 trillion turnover in the London Eurodollar market, where financial institutions engage in mutual lending and borrowing. Moreover, foreign exchange transactions in global money centers, involving the trading of currencies, amount to roughly $35 trillion per year, dwarfing the volume of world trade by a factor of 12.
Although some of these transactions may be duplicative, the glaring discrepancy points to a singular conclusion: capital movements, largely divorced from trade, significantly outstrip trade finance. Several factors have contributed to this explosive growth in transnational money flows. The transition from fixed to floating exchange rates in 1971, though intended to curb speculation, may have inadvertently spurred it. The influx of liquid funds to oil-producing nations following the 1973 and 1979 oil shocks also played a significant role.
However, the U.S. government deficit has undeniably been a major driver. Acting as a financial "black hole," the American budget has drawn in liquid funds from across the globe, rendering the United States the world's foremost debtor nation. It can be argued that the budget deficit underlies America's trade and payments deficit, effectively serving as a loan from the seller to the buyer, without which Washington would struggle to finance its deficit without risking rampant inflation.
The unprecedented manner in which countries leverage the international economy to sidestep domestic issues has further compounded the situation. The United States has employed high interest rates to attract foreign capital and avoid confronting its domestic deficit, while Japan has relied on exports to maintain employment despite a sluggish domestic economy. This politicization of the international economy has likely contributed to the extreme volatility and instability of capital flows and exchange rates.
Regardless of the relative importance assigned to these factors, their cumulative effect has been a fundamental shift: the "real" economy of goods and services and the "symbol" economy of money, credit, and capital are no longer tightly intertwined, and are, in fact, drifting further apart.
Traditional neoclassical economic theory posits that trade in goods and services determines international capital flows and foreign exchange rates. However, since the early 1970s, capital flows and foreign exchange rates have moved independently of, and sometimes even counter to, foreign trade.
The world economy also fails to conform to the Keynesian model, wherein the "symbol" economy dictates the "real" economy. The relationship between turbulence in the global economy and various domestic economies has become increasingly opaque. The United States, despite its unprecedented trade deficit, has avoided deflation and maintained low unemployment rates, while Japan, despite its exponential export growth and trade surplus, has experienced a sluggish domestic economy and minimal job creation.
Economists anticipate a eventual realignment of the "real" and "symbol" economies, but disagree on whether this will occur through a "soft landing" or a "hard landing." The "soft landing" scenario, favored by the Reagan Administration and most developed countries, envisions a concurrent reduction in the U.S. government deficit and trade deficit, leading to a surplus or balance by the early 1990s, accompanied by stabilized capital flows, exchange rates, high production and employment, and low inflation in major developed countries. The alternative "hard landing" scenario remains a looming possibility.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The world economy has undergone a significant shift, with the "symbol" economy becoming increasingly independent from the "real" economy.
B. The U.S. government deficit is the primary driver of the divergence between the "real" and "symbol" economies.
C. Traditional economic theories are no longer applicable to the modern world economy.
D. The politicization of the international economy has led to extreme volatility and instability in capital flows and exchange rates.
E. The "soft landing" scenario is the most likely outcome for the realignment of the "real" and "symbol" economies.
2. According to the passage, which of the following factors has contributed to the growth of transnational money flows?
A. The transition from floating to fixed exchange rates in 1971
B. The decrease in liquid funds flowing to oil-producing nations after the oil shocks
C. The U.S. government budget surplus
D. The influx of liquid funds to oil-producing nations following the 1973 and 1979 oil shocks
E. The tight coupling of the "real" and "symbol" economies
3. The author suggests that the U.S. trade and payments deficit is:
A. A consequence of the U.S. government budget deficit
B. The primary cause of the divergence between the "real" and "symbol" economies
C. A result of the politicization of the international economy
D. Unrelated to the U.S. government budget deficit
E. A contributing factor to the stability of capital flows and exchange rates
4. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the U.S. trade deficit and its domestic economy?
A. The U.S. has experienced deflation and high unemployment rates due to its trade deficit.
B. The U.S. has maintained low unemployment rates and avoided deflation despite its trade deficit.
C. The U.S. trade deficit has led to a booming domestic economy and significant job creation.
D. The U.S. trade deficit has had no impact on its domestic economy.
E. The U.S. trade deficit has caused a sluggish domestic economy and minimal job creation.
5. The passage suggests that economists:
A. Agree that the "real" and "symbol" economies will never realign
B. Disagree on how the "real" and "symbol" economies will realign
C. Believe that the divergence between the "real" and "symbol" economies is permanent
D. Agree that a "hard landing" scenario is inevitable
E. Believe that the Keynesian model best explains the current world economy
答案:
ADABB
3.DI
Article 1
Capacity
Yuyuan, a rapidly growing specialty food manufacturer based in Shanghai, is renowned for its traditional Chinese snacks and pastries. Due to the increasing demand for their signature product, the "Yuyuan Mooncake," the company has outgrown its current facility. To maintain production, Yuyuan is evaluating the leasing of a new production space, which will account for 100% of their manufacturing capacity starting next year.
After extensive research, Yuyuan has narrowed its choices to the following facilities:
Suzhou – This facility, dedicated solely to producing traditional Chinese foods, has a capacity of 150,000 boxes per month and requires a 3-year commitment. Suzhou also mandates a minimum of 100,000 boxes per month.
Hangzhou – With a capacity of 120,000 boxes per month, Hangzhou is the smallest of the three locations. Eager to secure Yuyuan's business, Hangzhou offers greater flexibility in leasing terms, allowing Yuyuan to sign 1-year contracts with the option to renew annually for a 3-year period. Hangzhou has also waived any monthly minimum order size. Like Suzhou, this facility is dedicated to producing only traditional Chinese foods.
Nanjing – The Nanjing facility boasts a production capacity of 250,000 boxes per month and requires a minimum order of 80,000 boxes per month and a 3-year commitment. However, Nanjing agrees to waive the minimum order requirement during the first year of the contract. Yuyuan is concerned that using the Nanjing facility may negatively affect sales, as Nanjing uses equipment shared with manufacturers of non-traditional Chinese foods.
Article 2
Growth Projections
Yuyuan currently produces both the "Yuyuan Mooncake" and the "Yuyuan Sachima." Based on current projections, Yuyuan has determined that each product is expected to reach a sales rate of 40,000 boxes per month by the end of the year.
Yuyuan forecasts an annualized growth rate of 20%-25% for each product line over the next three years. For example, based on the optimistic projections, each line would have sales of 60,000 boxes per month during the first year in the new manufacturing facility.
Enticed by the large capacity and low production costs offered by the Nanjing facility, Yuyuan has conducted extensive market research and is confident that manufacturing their products on shared equipment would reduce demand by 40%.
Article 3
New Product Lines
Yuyuan is considering introducing two new product lines: "Yuyuan Pork Floss Pastry" and "Yuyuan Egg Yolk Puff." Market research has determined that each new line would generate sales of 20,000 boxes per month in the first year of introduction, doubling to 40,000 boxes per month in the second year, and finally reaching 60,000 boxes per month in the third year.
Questions:
1. According to the information provided, what is the current total monthly production of Yuyuan's existing product lines?
A. 60,000 boxes
B. 80,000 boxes
C. 100,000 boxes
D. 120,000 boxes
2. Based on the optimistic growth projections, what is the expected total monthly production of Yuyuan's existing product lines in the first year at the new facility?
A. 100,000 boxes
B. 120,000 boxes
C. 140,000 boxes
D. 160,000 boxes
3. If Yuyuan introduces the new product lines, what is the projected total monthly production in the third year, assuming the existing product lines maintain the optimistic growth rate?
A. 200,000 boxes
B. 240,000 boxes
C. 280,000 boxes
D. 320,000 boxes
4. Which facility offers the greatest flexibility in leasing terms?
A. Suzhou
B. Hangzhou
C. Nanjing
D. None of the above
5. If Yuyuan chooses the Nanjing facility and experiences the predicted 40% reduction in demand due to shared equipment, what would be the total monthly production of existing product lines in the first year?
A. 48,000 boxes
B. 72,000 boxes
C. 96,000 boxes
D. 120,000 boxes
6. Which facility has the highest monthly production capacity?
A. Suzhou
B. Hangzhou
C. Nanjing
D. None of the above
7. If Yuyuan signs a contract with the Suzhou facility, what is the minimum total production commitment over the 3-year period?
A. 2,400,000 boxes
B. 3,600,000 boxes
C. 4,800,000 boxes
D. 5,400,000 boxes
8. Assuming Yuyuan introduces the new product lines and chooses the Hangzhou facility, what is the maximum total monthly production possible in the second year?
A. 160,000 boxes
B. 200,000 boxes
C. 240,000 boxes
D. 280,000 boxes
9. If Yuyuan selects the Nanjing facility and experiences a 40% reduction in demand, which of the following statements is true?
A. Yuyuan will not meet the minimum order requirement in the second year.
B. Yuyuan will exceed the facility's maximum capacity in the third year.
C. Yuyuan will meet the minimum order requirement in the first year.
D. Yuyuan's total production will be lower than if they had chosen the Suzhou facility.
10. Considering the information provided, which facility is the most suitable for Yuyuan's current needs and future growth?
A. Suzhou
B. Hangzhou
C. Nanjing
D. Cannot be determined based on the given information
1. B. 根据文章2,目前豫园的月销量为每个产品线40,000盒,共两条产品线,因此总月产量为80,000盒。
2. B. 根据文章2,按照乐观预测,第一年每条产品线的月销量将达到60,000盒,两条产品线共120,000盒。
3. D. 根据文章2和3,假设现有产品线保持乐观增长率,第三年每条产品线的月销量将达到60,000盒,共120,000盒;新产品线第三年每条线的月销量也将达到60,000盒,共120,000盒。因此,总月产量为120,000+120,000=240,000盒。
4. B. 根据文章1,杭州工厂提供最灵活的租赁条款,允许豫园签订一年期合同,并可选择连续三年每年续签。
5. B. 根据文章2,如果选择南京工厂,需求将减少40%。按照乐观预测,第一年每条产品线的月销量为60,000盒,减少40%后为36,000盒,两条产品线共72,000盒。
6. C. 根据文章1,南京工厂的月产能最高,为250,000盒。
7. B. 根据文章1,如果选择苏州工厂,三年期间的最低月产量为100,000盒,因此三年总产量至少为100,000×36=3,600,000盒。
8. A. 根据文章2和3,假设选择杭州工厂,第二年现有产品线的月销量为60,000盒,新产品线的月销量为40,000盒,因此第二年的最大总月产量为(60,000×2)+(40,000×2)=200,000盒。但是,杭州工厂的最大月产能为120,000盒,因此实际最大总月产量为120,000盒。
9. C. 根据文章1,南京工厂在合同第一年免除最低订单要求。因此,即使需求减少40%,豫园在第一年也能满足最低订单要求。
10. B. 考虑到豫园当前的需求和未来的增长,杭州工厂是最合适的选择。理由如下:
- 产能:杭州工厂的月产能为120,000盒,能够满足裕园第一年的预期产量(包括新产品线)。
- 灵活性:一年期合同以及三年内每年续签的选择,为裕园提供了适应需求和生产要求变化的灵活性。
- 无最低订单量:这允许裕园以自己的速度增长,而不会有满足最低订单要求的压力。
- 仅生产传统中式食品:裕园可以保持其传统中式食品的完整性,避免共享设备可能导致的需求减少。
虽然苏州和南京工厂提供了更高的产能,但它们的最低订单要求和更长的承诺期限可能与豫园当前的需求和增长预期不符。此外,南京工厂的共享设备可能会对销售产生负面影响。
综上所述,根据提供的信息,杭州工厂似乎是豫园新生产空间的最佳选择。
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发表于 2024-3-21 10:39:47
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