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最近我也思考了一下这个问题,感觉以前的解释不是很对,在此我把自己的想法贴上,大家一起讨论: OG10-19. In addition to having more protein than wheat does, the protein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet. (A) the protein in rice is higher quality than that in (B) rice has protein of higher quality than that in (C) the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in (D) rice protein is higher in quality than it is in (E) rice has a protein higher in quality than
In this sentence, the initial clause modifies the nearest noun, identifying it as the thing being compared with wheat. By making protein the noun modified, choices A, C, and D illogically compare wheat with protein(是指In addition to having more protein than wheat does这个从句里面) and claim that the protein in rice has more protein than wheat does. In C and D, the comparative structure higher in quality than it is in wheat absurdly suggests that rice protein contains wheat. B, the best choice, logically compares wheat to rice by placing the noun rice immediately after the initial clause. B also uses that to refer to protein in making the comparison between the proteins of rice and wheat. Choice E needs either that in or does after wheat to make a complete and logical comparison.
从OG对E的解释可以看出,用than that in wheat或than does wheat都可以,但这并不能说明在其他的比较结构中也能用that in,而不是用主谓(宾)结构来与than前面的结构平行。在这个句子里:Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than have been killed by bee stings.后面的比较成分是不可以改为less than those killed by bee stings的。具体原因如下:
在rice has a protein higher in quality than that in wheat这个句子里,比较对象是protein和that(that指代的也是protein),比较的仅仅是protein(rice has不在比较成分之内,比较的是protein的属性),所以允许平行。其实是和这个句子类似的:Today's technology allows manufacturers to make small cars that are more fuel-efficient than those at any other time in production history.
而在Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than …中, 不仅仅Only seven people,后面的this century have been killed by the great white shark也都在比较对象里面,所以后文不能用those killed by bee stings,而应该用平行的结构than have been killed。
再比如这个句子:According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less total fat than (that of) livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be good for cardiac health. 这个句子不对。其在livestock前加上that of…比较的对象是animals has less fat和that,that指代fat,而事实上比较的应该是wild animals和livestock的属性,即拥有fat的多少(注意不是比较fat的属性),所以than后面也应该用平行的句式,即主谓宾形式,不过在此省略了相同的谓语和宾语(因为不会有wild animals have livestock的歧义,只要逻辑上基本成立,GMAT并不认为所有没有补出谓语动词的形式都是”ambiguities”的)。(这个句子不对的另外一个证据: more of a kind of fat 后面省略了(than…),而省略的部分应该和less total fat than后面的词句是一致的,这样才能省略?逻辑上看省略的必须是livestock,而不能是that of livestock,因此less total fat than后面跟的也应该是livestock。)
不过要注意一个现象,有时候省略会到让人不可思议的程度,比如只留下某个句子的成分的一部分,比如这个题只留下宾语的一个修饰成分: According to public health officials, in 1998 Massachusetts became the first state in which more babies were born to women over the age of thirty than under it. 可以发现比较的是整句话的属性,而不仅仅是babies,而此时比较成分前后就宾语不同,那么可以就补出宾语,而宾语里相同的成分可以进一步省略,就补出宾语的修饰词。
另外: 比较的中心是什么,后面应该补出的内容就是什么: In no other historical sighting did Halley’s comet cause such a worldwide sensation as did its return in 1910-1911. A. did its return in 1910-1911 B. had its 1910-1911 return C. in its return of 1910-1911 D. its return of 1910-1911 did E. its return in 1910-1911 key: C 比较的是前后两个句子发生时间的属性,主谓宾动词时态均一致,所以只要补出状语即可。
注意一个比较特殊的题: 2-96 There are hopeful signs that we are shifting away from our heavy reliance on fossil fuels: more than ten times as much energy is generated through wind power now than it was in 1990. (A) generated through wind power now than it was (B) generated through wind power now as it was (C) generated through wind power now as was the case (D) now generated through wind power as it was (E) now generated through wind power than was the case key: C 首先这个题目因为时态的转变必须补出was,其次比较对象是整句话的属性,而不仅仅是energy,所以不用that来补出,但是却又不能用it来指代主语,所以就只能用as was the case了。 |
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