求问：prep187，（more than 后面啥事要补出主谓）跪求NN解答。。。

flywer

受益匪浅~~多谢大家的讨论

myfield

我觉得好像是如果前面的句子有宾语存在，必须补出动词。比如A loves B more than C就是一个又歧义的句子，必须是A loves B more than C does

again_a

最近我也思考了一下这个问题，感觉以前的解释不是很对，在此我把自己的想法贴上，大家一起讨论:
OG10-19. In addition to having more protein than wheat does, the protein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.
(A) the protein in rice is higher quality than that in
(B) rice has protein of higher quality than that in
(C) the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in
(D) rice protein is higher in quality than it is in
(E) rice has a protein higher in quality than

In this sentence, the initial clause modifies the nearest noun, identifying it as the thing being compared with wheat. By making protein the noun modified, choices A, C, and D illogically compare wheat with protein(是指In addition to having more protein than wheat does这个从句里面) and claim that the protein in rice has more protein than wheat does. In C and D, the comparative structure higher in quality than it is in wheat absurdly suggests that rice protein contains wheat. B, the best choice, logically compares wheat to rice by placing the noun rice immediately after the initial clause. B also uses that to refer to protein in making the comparison between the proteins of rice and wheat. Choice E needs either that in or does after wheat to make a complete and logical comparison.

从OG对E的解释可以看出，用than that in wheat或than does wheat都可以，但这并不能说明在其他的比较结构中也能用that in，而不是用主谓(宾)结构来与than前面的结构平行。在这个句子里：Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than have been killed by bee stings.后面的比较成分是不可以改为less than those killed by bee stings的。具体原因如下：

在rice has a protein higher in quality than that in wheat这个句子里，比较对象是protein和that（that指代的也是protein），比较的仅仅是protein（rice has不在比较成分之内，比较的是protein的属性），所以允许平行。其实是和这个句子类似的：Today's technology allows manufacturers to make small cars that are more fuel-efficient than those at any other time in production history.

而在Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than …中， 不仅仅Only seven people，后面的this century have been killed by the great white shark也都在比较对象里面，所以后文不能用those killed by bee stings，而应该用平行的结构than have been killed。

再比如这个句子：According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less total fat than (that of) livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be good for cardiac health. 这个句子不对。其在livestock前加上that of…比较的对象是animals has less fat和that，that指代fat，而事实上比较的应该是wild animals和livestock的属性，即拥有fat的多少（注意不是比较fat的属性），所以than后面也应该用平行的句式，即主谓宾形式，不过在此省略了相同的谓语和宾语（因为不会有wild animals have livestock的歧义，只要逻辑上基本成立，GMAT并不认为所有没有补出谓语动词的形式都是”ambiguities”的）。（这个句子不对的另外一个证据： more of a kind of fat 后面省略了(than…)，而省略的部分应该和less total fat than后面的词句是一致的，这样才能省略?逻辑上看省略的必须是livestock，而不能是that of livestock，因此less total fat than后面跟的也应该是livestock。）

不过要注意一个现象，有时候省略会到让人不可思议的程度，比如只留下某个句子的成分的一部分，比如这个题只留下宾语的一个修饰成分：
According to public health officials, in 1998 Massachusetts became the first state in which more babies were born to women over the age of thirty than under it.
可以发现比较的是整句话的属性，而不仅仅是babies，而此时比较成分前后就宾语不同，那么可以就补出宾语，而宾语里相同的成分可以进一步省略，就补出宾语的修饰词。

另外：
比较的中心是什么，后面应该补出的内容就是什么：
In no other historical sighting did Halley’s comet cause such a worldwide sensation as did its return in 1910-1911.
A.    did its return in 1910-1911
B.    had its 1910-1911 return
C.    in its return of 1910-1911
D.    its return of 1910-1911 did
E.    its return in 1910-1911
key: C
比较的是前后两个句子发生时间的属性，主谓宾动词时态均一致，所以只要补出状语即可。

注意一个比较特殊的题：
2-96 There are hopeful signs that we are shifting away from our heavy reliance on fossil fuels:  more than ten times as much energy is generated through wind power now than it was in 1990.
(A) generated through wind power now than it was
(B) generated through wind power now as it was
(C) generated through wind power now as was the case
(D) now generated through wind power as it was
(E) now generated through wind power than was the case
key: C
首先这个题目因为时态的转变必须补出was，其次比较对象是整句话的属性，而不仅仅是energy，所以不用that来补出，但是却又不能用it来指代主语，所以就只能用as was the case了。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/17 21:33:04)

多谢。不过我有个问题。


而在Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than …中， 不仅仅Only seven people，后面的this century have been killed by the great white shark也都在比较对象里面，所以后文不能用those killed by bee stings，而应该用平行的结构than have been killed。


按照句子比较，这句话成立，容易理解。
如果这句话，理解成是主语比较。那么those killed by bee stings 是不是也能成立。
主语比较  A 都sth than B do. 有时候，这个do也可以不写出来的，如果逻辑意义清晰的话。
Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than those killed by bee stings.
这句中，因为those 是复数，所以不会产生指代shark的歧义，因而指代的是 seven people。这样理解，这就是一句主语比较，可以这样理解嘛？


在曼哈顿上看到，Ron 也说 you can't write "those killed by bee stings"
http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/can-somebody-help-me-out-with-this-question-t4278.html


you can't use parallel constructions with "those"/"that"/etc, in separate clauses, unless they are EXACTLY PARALLEL to whatever shows up in the other part.

in this case:
you can't write "those killed by bee stings"
unless
the other part contains "people killed by the great white shark" (with NOTHING IN BETWEEN).
it doesn't, so you can't.


这句话中，似乎解释的是在平行结构中，而主语比较也算是在平行结构中嘛？

jiaying52

prep#2 --187
187
To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers i（have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic） determinants of fertility.
答案为D.would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic
我在网上查看的几乎全是说：“原句是a great deal 和now在比较，所以要加they do”
还有大全的10也是：
大全10. A large rise in the number of housing starts in the coming year should boost new construction dollars by several billion dollars, making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago.
(A) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(B) and make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(C) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it was five years ago
(D) to make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(E) in making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it as five years ago
Key: C
（大全10也是补出了主谓）
这两题，我现在看来并不是因为“原句是a great deal 和now在比较，所以要加they do”：
第一题比较的是demographers和they的属性，因为时态的变化，所以前后都需要补出谓语动词，而因为谓语动词的补出，主语也必须要补出。（参见比较之庖丁解牛）
第二题的比较是construction industry’s economic health在不同年份的属性，所以than后面可以用it was，也可以用that，或者可以不补出。但是因为five years ago前面并没有介词，所以如果不补出，读者很容易认为是construction industry’s economic health和five years ago的比较。换句话说就是，如果后面是in five years ago，那么就可以不补出。 -->  这个想法是来自于a comprehensive grammar of english里面对零关系分句的解释（即时间状语在没有补出介词的时候，会给读者造成confusion--是主语/宾语，还是状语？）。

但是我做到prep#2 197的时候就大大的郁闷了。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than it was in any previous election.
A. a greater proportion than it was
B. a greater proportion than
C. a greater proportion than they have been
D. which is greater than was so
E. which is greater than it has been
（虽然别的选项我也知道哪里不对，但是它的答案是B，这个答案是在说明前两道题的答案选A也是对的！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！）
这里a greater proportion than后面依旧是可以补出it had been，that或着不补出，in any previous election已经明确是介词短语，不给使读者产生” a greater proportion”和“in any previous election”比较的歧义，所以就不需要补出了。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/17 22:19:09)

198. Although Napoleon’s army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in their previous campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.



(A) they had in their previous campaigns



(B) their previous campaigns had had



(C) they had for any previous campaign



(D) in their previous campaigns



(E) for any previous campaign


此题选E ， 按版主对187的看法 此题比较前后的时态不一致 应该补出谓语以及它的主语的。但偏偏198都省略了，困惑。求版主指教

mongmong

我已经看不懂自己写的了，胡言乱语

再加一条哦，至少我还这么久都没有见到过反例，mongmong可以再验证下：
局部概念比较可以视作整体概念比较，比如楼上的85题。
而整体概念比较不能视作局部概念比较。

对，第二个例子和第一个例子一样。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/5/28 0:18:01)

谢谢aeo! 第二个问题明白了，但是呀呀，第一个问题好像答的不是我问的呀，还是说和“被动”没有关系？麻烦你再给看看：


1）整句概念在比较的例子：Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than have been killed by bee stings.
2）85. According to a study by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, companies in the United States are providing job training and general education for nearly eight million people, about equivalent to the enrollment of the nation's four-year colleges and universities.
(A) equivalent to the enrollment of
(B) the equivalent of those enrolled in
(C) equal to those who are enrolled in
(D) as many as the enrollment of (E)
(E) as many as are enrolled in

两个例子都涉及数字的比较，而85题是局部概念在比较。请问两个例子的区别和第一个例子是被动态有关系吗？因为被动，导致数字的部分（only seven people） 和后面比较的部分不紧紧挨着？所以造成无法局部比较，只能整句概念比较？另外，虽然第一个例子是整句概念比较，85题不是，但“than have been killed by bee stings”和"as many as are enrolled"形式是一样一样的，这样不奇怪吗？

-- by 会员 mongmong (2011/5/28 13:55:25)

我想不是被动语态的原因。
我说的“局部概念的比较可以看作整句概念的比较”形式上是指前面虽然只是一个词，但是后面可以用一个句子和那个词比。
85题其实算是整句概念的比较。
但是要注意，整句概念的比较不能看作局部概念的比较。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/6/8 17:58:05)

再确认一下哈，你说的局部概念的比较是不是帖子开始的时候举的那个rice 和wheat含 protein多少的比较（即选项B）？所以Choice E needs either that in or does after wheat to make a complete and logical comparison.就是你说的“局部概念的比较可以看作整句概念的比较”形式上是指前面虽然只是一个词，但是后面可以用一个句子和那个词比”？哎呀，上面这个问题前面你好像已经提到了，已经回答过了。


那么如果上面的85题我把它看作局部概念的比较，不写成as many as are enrolled in 的话，后面应该是怎么写？（85是可以看作局部概念也可以看成整体概念的比较的是吗？只不过答案E给的是整体概念的比较，对吗？）
是之前我问讨论过的下面的1和3都可以是吗？这样就是局部概念的比较了，因为改写之后as many as 后面没有谓语？
那么E可以改写成以下哪种？
1. as many as people who are enrolled in
2. as many as who are enrolled in
3. as many as people enrolled in
第一种和第三种，其实第三种是第一种的省略，enrolled是过去分词嘛，great question。
其实蹊跷的地方是为何Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than have been killed by bee stings.就是整体概念的比较，而不是only seven people 和后面某一个数量的比较？
好像只能整体概念比较好少，为啥咧？



版主你人真好，每次都认真回答问题。谢谢你！

-- by 会员 mongmong (2011/6/8 21:11:05)

mongmong

斑竹大人，我对下面第一题（OG 12 -41）仍有疑问，请问demographers have to know a great deal more 主谓宾全吗？（a great deal more是宾语），还是只是主谓（没有宾语,那a great deal more是状语吗？）？也有人提出同样的问题（在2楼）

http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-575604-1-1.html?postid=15190646&searchmode=TopicContent&searchtext=To%20develop%20more%20accurat

我还是不太理解“因为时态的变化，所以前后都需要补出谓语动词，而因为谓语动词的补出，主语也必须要补出。”庖丁解牛没有讲到这么细，还是我木有看清楚？

乌拉拉~~~~

prep#2 --187
187
To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.
答案为D.would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic
我在网上查看的几乎全是说：“原句是a great deal 和now在比较，所以要加they do”
第一题比较的是demographers和they的属性，因为时态的变化，所以前后都需要补出谓语动词，而因为谓语动词的补出，主语也必须要补出。（参见比较之庖丁解牛）

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/17 22:19:09)

mongmong

还有一件事是OG 100题：

对于选项D，OG的解释是... the subordinating conjunction "as" would need to introduce a subordinate clause.

我的问题是如何知道这里as引导的不是一个从句？不可以 as the planets 后面的 “are” 省略吗？


"The stars, some of them at tremendous speeds, are in motion just as the planets are, yet being" so far away from the Earth that their apparent positions in the sky do not change enough for their movement to be observed during a single human lifetime.

A) The stars, some of them at tremendous speeds, are in motion just as the planets are, yet being
B) Like the planets, the stars are in motion, some of them at tremendous speeds, but they are
C) Although like the planets the stars are in motion, some of them at tremendous speeds, yet
D) As the planets, the stars are in motion, some of them at tremendous speeds, but they are        (B)
E) The stars are in motion like the planets, some of which at tremendous speeds are in motion but

whenusmile

斑竹能不能再霸气点??哈哈~~谢谢，很受用，我已经复制到WORD里面了

QUARTZ7

引用：

（大全10. A large rise in the number of housing starts in the coming year should boost new construction dollars by several billion dollars, making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago.
(A) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(B) and make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(C) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it was five years ago
(D) to make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(E) in making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it as five years ago
Key: C



注意一个比较特殊的题：
2-96 There are hopeful signs that we are shifting away from our heavy reliance on fossil fuels:  more than ten times as much energy is generated through wind power now than it was in 1990.
(A) generated through wind power now than it was
(B) generated through wind power now as it was
(C) generated through wind power now as was the case
(D) now generated through wind power as it was
(E) now generated through wind power than was the case
key: C
首先这个题目因为时态的转变必须补出was，其次比较对象是整句话的属性，而不仅仅是energy，所以不用that来补出，但是却又不能用it来指代主语，所以就只能用as was the case了。）



问题：大全10中C选项it指代industry’s economic health没问题。可是为什么下一题it就不能指代主语energy呢？

请aeoluresous指教~！谢谢谢谢

QUARTZ7

up