Research data indicate that
there is a great deal of poverty in
the United States among single-
Line parent families headed by women.
(5) This problem could result from
the fact that women’s wages are
only 60 percent of men’s. Some
economists believe that rigorous
enforcement of existing equal pay
(10) laws would substantially decrease
this wage inequity. But equal pay
laws are ineffectual when women
and men are concentrated in different
occupations because such laws
(15) require only that women and men
doing the same jobs be paid the
same. Since gender concentration
exists (for example, 80 percent of
clerical workers are women), other
(20) economists argue that a comparable
worth standard, which would
mandate that women and men in
any jobs that require comparable
training and responsibility be paid
(25) the same, should be applied
instead. But some policy analysts
assert that, although comparable
worth would virtually equalize male
and female wages, many single-
(30) parent families headed by women
would remain in poverty because
many men earn wages that are
below the poverty line. These
policy analysts believe that the
(35) problem is not caused primarily by
wage inequity but rather by low
wages coupled with single parent
hood, regardless of sex. As a
solution, they challenge the govern-
(40) ment’s assumption that a family’s
income should depend primarily on
wages and urge the government to
provide generous wage supplements
(child and housing allow-
(45) ances) to single parents whose
wages are low.
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The passage suggests that the United States government’s policy towards providing wage supplements to parents whose wages are low is
A. considered ill advised by most economists who have studied the issue
B. based on assumptions about the appropriate sources of family income
C. under revision in response to criticism from some policy analysts
D. capable of eliminating wage inequality but not of raising incomes for both women and men
E. applicable to single-parent families headed by women but not to single-parent families headed by men
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Which of the following is most clearly an example of the policy advocated by the policy analysts mentioned in line 26 ?
A. A government provides training to women who wish to move out of occupations in which women are concentrated.
B. A government supports research that analyzes the connection between wage inequality and poverty among single-parent families headed by women.
C. A government surveys wages annually to make certain that women and men in the same jobs receive the same pay.
D. A government analyzes jobs in terms of the education and responsibility they require and publishes a list of jobs that should be considered equivalent for wage purposes.
E. A government provides large rent subsidies to single parents whose wages are less than half the average worker’s wage.
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According to the passage, some economists believe that, in the United States, there would be smaller differences between the wages of women and men who do the same jobs if
A. equal pay laws were enforced more fully
B. more stringent equal pay laws were passed
C. a more rigorous comparable worth standard were developed and applied
D. more men entered the occupations in which women are concentrated
E. women received the same kind and amount of job training that men receive
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发表于 2005-3-18 15:04:00
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