Gwd 8 25-28

而今迈步从头越

以下是引用moonmood在2005-3-25 22:04:00的发言：

请教一下这篇的27，28

GWD-8-Q27:

The author of the passage uses the expression “are supposed to” in lines 34-35 primarily in order to

                           

A. suggest that a contention made by constructivists regarding determinists is Inaccurate

B. define the generally accepted position of determinists regarding the implementation of technology

C. engage in speculation about the motivations of determinists

D. lend support to a comment critical of the position of determinists

E. contrast the historical position of determinists with their position regarding the exchange modernization

答案b,我a

I vote answer A.

GWD-8-Q28:

Which of the following statements about the modernization of the telephone exchange is supported by information in the passage?

A. The new technology reduced the role of managers in labor negotiations.

B. The modernization was implemented without the consent of the employees directly affected by it.

C. The modernization had an impact that went significantly beyond maintenance routines.

D. Some of the maintenance workers felt victimized by the new technology.

E. The modernization gave credence to the view of advocates of social constructivism.

答案c， 美在原为找到

Anwer C, pls refer to part of the passage: because the modernization had other impact, that is why it is significantly beyond maintenance routines.

At the empirical level Clark

shows how a change at the telephone

(55)   exchange from maintenance-intensive

electromechanical switches to semielectronic

switching systems altered

work tasks, skills, training opportunities,

administration, and organization of

(60)   workers. Some changes Clark attributes

to the particular way management

and labor unions negotiated the introduction

of the technology, whereas

others are seen as arising from the

(65)   capabilities and nature of the technology

itself.

questionmark

谢谢而今斑竹的解答。我还有一个句子不太明白：

The alternative to constructivism, in other words, is to view technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization.

这个句子到底是支持 technological determinism 还是支持 social constructivism的？我怎么比较晕啊。

wangyu73cn

我认为，这一句是否定constructivism的。意思是说：换言之，constructivism是将科技独立于社会之外了。下文即开始进行批驳了。

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-6-15 17:15:51编辑过]

remona9t

Q26:

The information in the passage suggests that Clark believes that which of the following would be true if social constructivism had not gained widespread acceptance?

A.   Businesses would be more likely to modernize without considering the social consequences of their actions.

B.  There would be greater understanding of the role played by technology in producing social change.

C.  Businesses would be less likely to understand the attitudes of employees affected by modernization.

D.   Modernization would have occurred at a slower rate.

E.   Technology would have played a greater part in determining the role of business in society.

Answer: B

答案是从哪里看出来的呢？请nn指教

  The alternative to constructivism, in other words, is to view technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization.

黑字部分应该怎样理解呢？说的是constructivism能够直接影响技能和工作的组织架构么？

wangyu73cn

The constructivists gain acceptance by misrepresenting technological determinism: technological determinists are (35) supposed to believe, for example, that machinery imposes appropriate forms of order on society.
1段8句，开始指出社会结构主义的错误理解。社会结构主义者误读了科技决定主义。例如，在社会结构主义者眼里，科技决定主义相信“机械给社会带来了恰当得秩序形式”。(实际上，科技决定主义者并不相信“机械给社会带来了恰当得秩序形式”。)

The alternative to constructivism, in other words, is to view technology as existing outside (40) society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization.
1段9句，指出其对科技的错误认识。这句的意思是，换句话说，社会结构主义的另一种阐释是，将科技视为存在于社会之外，而社会是能够直接影响技能和工作组织的。

两种主义的区别在于，科技决定主义相信：科技和社会其他部分相联系，而且a technology have a decisive influence on job skills and work organization.而社会结构主义相信：科技存在于社会之外，社会直接影响job skills and work organization.

所以，社会结构主义贬低了科技的力量。如果这种主义没有得到广泛认同，那么科技的作用就会得到更好的理解了。从这方面，可以支持B选项。

另，alternative的意思难以通过其本身的意思来确定，需要通过上下文来确定。在金山中也对alternative的模糊意思做了些说明：

Some traditionalists hold that alternative  should be used only in situations where the number of choices involved is exactly two,  because of the word's historical relation to Latin alter,  “the other of two.”  H.W. Fowler, among others, has considered this restriction a fetish. The Usage Panel is evenly divided on the issue, with 49 percent accepting the sentence Of the three alternatives, the first is the least distasteful.  ·  Alternative  is also sometimes used to refer to a variant or substitute in cases where there is no element of choice involved,  as in We will do our best to secure alternative employment for employees displaced by the closing of the factory.  This sentence is unacceptable to 60 percent of the Usage Panel. · Alternative  should not be confused with  alternate.  Correct usage requires The class will meet on alternate  (not  alternative )  Tuesdays.  
有些持传统观点的人认为alternative 只能严格地用在二者择一的情况下， 因为这个词来源于拉丁语alter ，意思是“二者中的另外一个”。  包括H.W.福勒的其他人认为这种限制是一种迷信。用法专题小组中持这两种意见的人各占一半，49％的人都接受这句话在三个选项中，第一个是最不让人讨厌的。  · Alternative 如果没有供选择的成分存在，其有时也指一个变体或替换的事物， 如我们将尽全力保证因工厂倒闭而离开岗位的雇员以某种方式就业。  语言用法专题小组中60％的人不接受这句话。Alternative 不能和 alternate混淆。  正确的用法要求全班每隔 （不是 alternative ） 星期二 见一次面。

remona9t

万分感谢楼上NN,已经明白了！

还有一个小问题：

The alternative to constructivism, in other words, is to view technology as existing outside (40) society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization.
这句的意思是，换句话说，社会结构主义的另一种阐释是，将科技视为存在于社会之外，而社会是能够直接影响技能和工作组织的。

说“社会是能够直接影响技能和工作组织的。”将capable的主语视为society,是不是说从语法上来讲"capable...organization"是修饰society的呢？那么这句话The alternative to constructivism, in other words, is to view technology as existing outside (40) society, （which is）--是否省略了which is？--capable of directly influencing skills and work organization.

wangyu73cn

应当是省略了which is。

fchn951

GWD-8-Q25:

The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. advocate a more positive attitude toward technological change

B. discuss the implications for employees of the modernization of a telephone exchange

C. consider a successful challenge to the constructivist view of technological change

D. challenge the position of advocates of technological determinism

E. suggest that the social causes of technological change should be studied in real situations

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-8-Q26:

The information in the passage suggests that Clark believes that which of the following would be true if social constructivism had not gained widespread acceptance?

A. Businesses would be more likely to modernize without considering the social consequences of their actions.

B. There would be greater understanding of the role played by technology in producing social change.

C. Businesses would be less likely to understand the attitudes of employees affected by modernization.

D. Modernization would have occurred at a slower rate.

E. Technology would have played a greater part in determining the role of business in society.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-8-Q27:

The author of the passage uses the expression “are supposed to” in lines 34-35 primarily in order to

                        

A. suggest that a contention made by constructivists regarding determinists is Inaccurate

B. define the generally accepted position of determinists regarding the implementation of technology

C. engage in speculation about the motivations of determinists

D. lend support to a comment critical of the position of determinists

E. contrast the historical position of determinists with their position regarding the exchange modernization

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-8-Q28:

Which of the following statements about the modernization of the telephone exchange is supported by information in the passage?

A. The new technology reduced the role of managers in labor negotiations.

B. The modernization was implemented without the consent of the employees directly affected by it.

C. The modernization had an impact that went significantly beyond maintenance routines.

D. Some of the maintenance workers felt victimized by the new technology.

E. The modernization gave credence to the view of advocates of social constructivism.

答案ABAC

northeuro

以下是引用gerf123在2005-3-5 7:45:00的发言：
看不懂啊，看不懂。

自己做的时候感觉这篇看的稀里糊涂，四道题目也就蒙吧，没想到竟然被我全做对了，不过说实话，第一遍做的时候真的没看懂。

回过头再来看一遍这篇文章，就觉得其实脉络还是很清晰的，只要看明白第一段的这么两句话：

1. Line 9-Line 15

Clark makes the point that the characteristics of a technology have a decisive influcence on job skills and work organization. Put more strongly, technology can be a primary determinant of social and managerial organization.

而且通过全篇文章，知道作者是for clark的观点的：简单的说，就是科技改变社会。

2. Line 15-Line 20

Clark believes this possibility has been obscured by the recent sociological fashion, exemplified by Braverman's analysis, that emphasizes the way machinery reflects social choices.

这就是这篇文章所反对和批驳的观点，简单的说，就是社会倾向决定了科技。

两种观点正好是两个方向，所以我觉得明白这两句话，通篇文章的内容和结构基本上也就可以把握了，

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-6-19 17:08:22编辑过]

huamei

请问,这篇的答案最终是什么啊.快考了.怎么阅读有这么多不确定的答案