【Native Speaker每日综合训练—43系列】【43-17】科技 Brain

成成儿

谢谢Cassidy大洁洁

【time 1】3'
children who express abuse or grow up in poor suffer more in adult than those who live in a middle class family and do not express physical abuse.
research finds that children who suffer from the stress from physical abuse have a small brain structure relevant to build memory and develop emotion than those who do not.
the smaller brain will cause diseases in their adult such as cancer.

【time 2】2'31'85'''
the passage talks about a medical research. the result shows that subjects who have a sleeping difficult have a smaller brain volume than others.
in the experiment, the subject are asked to assess their sleeping quality. the result shows that the lower the score of the assessment, the smaller the brain volume.
future research aims at that whether the brain volume increases when the sleeping difficulties have been alleviated.

【time 3】2'45''86'''
the research finds that people have a similar way in brain of others when they watch a same movie.
previous researches used simple stimulus, while this study can catch immediate change in the brain.
so the instrument is significant to catch immediate processes of brain.

【time 4】3'08''33'''
the use of 3D instrument identifies that BA is the cause of A's disease, because BA kills the nerve cells.
the previous researches used 2D instrument and George stated that BA and A's disease is correlated but not causal.
the result of 3D approach shows that BA kill the nerve cells, so BA is the cause of A's disease.

【time 5】2'46''01'''
this passage talks about their experiment. previous experiment using 2D can create either P or T, while the novel 3D approach can create both.
they find that BA can prevent T and their findings give hope to the drug development.

【time 6】2'48''36'''
people know the music affect the brain, but they do not know how it works. the experiment asks people to listen to one of their favorite musics and one of dislike musics.
the finding is that their favorite music can active DMN pattern in the brain which connects with creativity.
there are two pattern-DMN and TPN. the former connects with inner thought and the latter connects with outer thought.
further research need to be done to explore the connection between the music and brain.

【time 7】6'47''
there are three ideas about whether brain size correlate with intelligence.
the first one is that the bigger the brain, the more the intelligence. However, after comparing human with large brain animals such as elephant, this idea is discarded.
the second one is that the ratio of the brain to the body, and the greater the ratio the more the intelligence. However, some animals such as birds overturn this point.
the third one is about the brain size and the expected brain size.  

wangziann

Time 1
Children who experience abuse、neglect and poverty have develop a smaller brain size than the children from more nurturing environment.
Time 2
By a test of the link between sleep quality and brain volume, scientists found that brain volume decrease in people who have less and poor sleep. It is under research that if improvement of sleeping quality can reduce the speed brain getting small.
Time 3
Brain activity varies while people watch a movie according to their history experience. The development of technology allows us to detect more faster and more frequent brain process.
Time 4  
Innovative
Hypothesis was declared before that brain killing diseases were caused by two factor of protein variants in the brain. Another enzyme is also one reason according to recent study. The 3D technology was used to find the root cause of Alzheimer’s disease.
Time 5
gelatin-like material/Jello/culures栽培/motor activities
The advantage of the 3D stimulation is that it provides both of the materials of which previous method just includes one. This innovative system offers the hope of revolutionize drug discovery for other neurodegenerative disorders.
Time 6
It is found that music can strike different brain patterns and related research should be done more to find way of curing patients with metal disease.

法兰丝

1"46
2"33
2"50
3"26

古月小破烂

speak
      stress can actually change the size of brain structures responsible for learning, memory and processing emotion.  
time 2 1’20
      research about sleeping difficulty people and the brain volume.
time 3 1’28
      the act of brains when people watching movies. the remarkable similarities across different people.
time 4 1’33
time 5 1'22
      research about Alzheimer’s disease. Using 3D to find about if amyloid actually cause Alzheimer’s disease.  the details about experiment.
time 6 1’48
      music influence of brain. scan the brains of 21 young adults. and find the music is about DMN and TPN. further study still needed.
obstacle 3’54
      a study about the brain size with intelligence. study about wild animals shows that city mice smarter than rural or urban mice.
      about humans, the brain size suit for body size, not exactly about intelligence, elephant has larger brain, but human is the smartest animal.

maokee

Time2 1'20
Sleep quality has connection with brain health.
Time3 1'33
Movie can affected people's brain in a similar manner.
Time4 1'56
A lab found how A begin in brain. The connection of amyloid and tangles have not got an answer.
Time5 1'30
The lab used 3D culture to make gobs of amyloid, and it offerd them the hope to do some discovery.
Time6 1'50
When people listen to the music they like, the DMN is activated. More work need to be done to investigate the connection between music and mental states.

conglomerator

Time 2: 1:17

Trouble in sleep is important to brain volume loss. A research was took finding the correlation. It is still unknown whether the sleep problems are the cause of the brain volume loss or the consequences.

Time 3: 1:48

A research showed that movies stimulate similar brain activities of different people. The reaction of brains cross several levels. Better than before, more information can be attained by improved technology. And a even more advanced technology can record much higher frequency brain activities.

Time 4: 1:56

A 3D model was created and the long speculated cause of A diease, beta amyloid, was proved for the first time.

Time 5: 1:46

The paragraphs further explains why the 3D model could prove the protein is the cause. A comparison is made among previous 2D model, experiments on animals and 3D model. And it also could provide more insights on whether the enzyme develops the disease.  The testing results will revolute the drug used to cure the disease.

Time 6: 2:15

A research found that though different people have different genres of music, the influence to their brain, of their favorite music, is similar. The findings may help to solve some mind problems. But now, we only know the states of mind are related to one’s favorite song, more work needs to be done.

Obstacle: 5:14

We, human, is inclined to believe that bigger brain size  indicates more intelligent. But it is not the case. We found some mammals in urban area have bigger brains than those in rural area, we announced that they are smarter. But actually it is not the case. We previously thought bigger brain means more intelligent, but elephant proves that we are wrong. Then we turned to larger ratio of brain size to body size indicates more intelligent, but small birds proves that we are wrong. And then we turned to larger ratio of brain size to expected brain size in related taxa indicates more intelligent, but the brain growth of infants proves that we are wrong again. Even the dog that is obviously smarter than its ancestor wolf has smaller brain than wolf has. To conclude, brain size must be related to intelligent level, but simply saying that bigger brain size equals more intelligent is fraught.

liqijie3242656

time2 01:56
a research indicates that sleeping difficulities will lead to brasin size loss, especially the elder who over 60.

time3 03:25
the research about the brain activity patterns have similarities when different people watch moives. MEG can help scientist better study the reaction.

time4 04:09
scientists use 3D technolgy to study whehter the am... is the casue of Al病--即am... induce tangles，which is kill nerve cells.

time5 03:47
a team have a great research about question of tangle, with the help of 3D technology

time6 02:55
the research that listening music that people like can improve their brain's performance. A possible explain is that music help the activity of DMN

Obstacle 08:56
Brain seize doesn't correlate with intelligence, it should be compare by several different factors. Such as the relative size, which compare with the body size. The people's growth after the well development brain that bain almost reach its biggest szie.

xst_lee

Cassidy大洁洁 发表于 2014-10-28 22:20
Part III: Obstacle
Why Brain Size Doesn't Correlate With Intelligence
By Alexandra Horow ...

2:00.17
Recent study found that there are some connections between the brain volume and sleep quality.

2:38.85 2:28.65 2:22.08
Researchers found that listen to music can enhance the connections between different parts of the brain.
There are two different modes in the brain, one is focused on the outside world, and another one is focused on the inner thought. Some problems may happen when one mode is switched with another. And music may do an effect on one of them.

Researchers detect all of the participants' sleep circle before request them to record their sleep habits in a questionnaire.
However researchers did not figure out which is the cause? The change in brain or the sleep condition?
The next step for researchers to explore was will improve the sleeping condition help maintain the brain's condition at a good condition or even enlarge the brain capacity.

2:04.52
Scientists from Finland found a method to detect the activity of people's brain when they are watching movies, and brain’s activity in that reveals a multilevel.
The reports show that when people are watching movies, the active regions in their brain are nearly the same. With the help of MEG and new analysis methods, investigation of significantly faster brain processes is possible and it enables detection of brain activity in frequencies higher than before.

3;50.68
Scientists found that the presence of two abnormal proteins caused Alzheimer's disease

2:33.45
Researchers find a way to prevent the Alzheimer's disease

O6:06.11
Parents watch their baby’s growing, and their child is going to be mature sooner or later. However what's the sign of human mature? Is it the size of the brain or something else?
Actually, people tend to link the size of brain with the development of the intelligence. And some scientists found that mice live in the city have a larger size of brain than mice in the rural do. Therefore they conclude that mice in the city have a higher IQ than mice live in the rural. According this theory, its elephant not human should have the highest IQ in the world, at least much higher than human, because their brain is much larger than human's, however this opinion is actually wrong. After a while, human come up with a new theory to try to explain the brain size with intelligence, which is about relative brain size. However this theory is denied again, when people find that birds have larger relative brain size than human. After more deliberation, scientists finally offered up the so-called “cephalization quotient”: brain size relative to the expected brain size in related taxa. On top: humans. Phew.
Child may go through two major stages of brain development.
Brain size, or the size of brain parts, can be a reasonable indicator of skill; however it does none business with the brain function.

sutingting

Thanks a lot

Speaker:
Researchers found that children who are suffered neglect,abuse and poverty have smaller brains which is responsible for learning, memory and processing emotion.

Speed:
Time2[2'21]
Study has found that sleep difficulties were linked with a decline in a brain volume. Further studies are still needed to find out whether better sleep can slow down the decline of brain volume.

Time3[2'44]
Different people has simlar brain reaction when watched a movie, which reveals that there were similar kinds or synchronized signals in brain areas when processing visual stimuli.

Time4[3'24]
Time5[2'57]
The first proof of beta amyloid causing Alzheimer's disease was found.
a new method to lab.cultures -> grow cells in 3D brain -> create both the tangles and plaques more efficiently

Time6[2'52]
Scientists have found that different people had similar brain patterns when they were listening to their favorite songs. More work still needs to be done to investigate the connection between music and our brain states.

越狱LV

Speaker
Children who have been abused in their childhood would be easily affected in their adulthood. Because the experience would change the size of their brain structures according to the new finding.

Speed
2. 01:30.55
The study found that the sleep difficulties would cause the decline of the brain volume. The result was more related to people older than 60 years.

3. 02:10.48
The study found that different people have similar brain activities when viewing the movies. The result implied the contents of the movie affect the certain functions of the brain in a similar manner. The new analysis and methodology enable more detection about brain activities.

4. 02:59.26
Scientists used 3D lab cultures to find out that beta amyloid is the cause of the Alzheimer’s disease.

5. 01:58.42
The team used 3D cultures which are faster and more effective than the previous approach. But the 3D models still have some shortcomings to be solved.

6. 02:02.09
The researchers found the underlying change in brain related to listening to the favourite songs. The music therapy could help certain brain disorders. But more work need to e done for the investigation of the connection between music and metal stages.

Obstacle 04:58.09
The arguments about the correlation between the brain size and the intelligence.