OG 13 RC 99,101,103

heidiym

这个我在网上看了很久的帖子 也都没有回答我的疑惑 所以重新开贴求大神解惑！当时文章看完了之后感觉清楚又明白，但是做题错了很多。不知道这种貌似看明白，又做不会题的状态该怎么提高呢？

文章：
Frazier and Mosteller assert that medical

research could be improved by a move toward
larger, simpler clinical trials of medical treatments.
Currently, researchers collect far more background
(5)information on patients than is strictly required for
their trials—substantially more than hospitals
collect—thereby escalating costs of data
collection, storage, and analysis. Although limiting
information collection could increase the risk that
(10)researchers will overlook facts relevant to a study,
Frazier and Mosteller contend that such risk, never
entirely eliminable from research, would still be
small in most studies. Only in research on entirely
new treatments are new and unexpected variables
(15)likely to arise.
  Frazier and Mosteller propose not only that
researchers limit data collection on individual
patients but also that researchers enroll more
patients in clinical trials, thereby obtaining a more
(20)representative sample of the total population with
the disease under study. Often researchers restrict
study participation to patients who have no
ailments besides those being studied. A treatment

judged successful under these ideal conditions can

(25)then be evaluated under normal conditions.
Broadening the range of trial participants, Frazier
and Mosteller suggest, would enable researchers to
evaluate a treatment’s efficacy for diverse patients
under various conditions and to evaluate its
(30)effectiveness for different patient subgroups. For
example, the value of a treatment for a progressive
disease may vary according to a patient’s stage of
disease. Patients’ ages may also affect a
treatment’s efficacy.
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99. The passage is primarily concerned with

(A)  identifying two practices in medical research
    that may affect the accuracy of clinical trials
(B)  describing aspects of medical research that
    tend to drive up costs
(C)  evaluating an analysis of certain shortcomings
    of current medical research practices
(D)  describing proposed changes to the ways in
    which clinical trials are conducted
(E)  explaining how medical researchers have
    traditionally conducted clinical trials and how
    such trials are likely to change

答案是D。我的理解是这样的。我主要是在纠结D，E。D看起来没什么毛病，但是E的话我自己理解也没什么毛病。E我是这么理解的，解释了traditional 的方法，并且这些方法应该怎样去改善。我觉得说的是对的呀，因为文字新老观点都着重说了。有人解释说因为中心在于新方法，但是老方法也是一直有提及、有对比呀。


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101. It can be inferred from the passage that a study
   limited to patients like those mentioned in lines 21–23
   would have which of the following advantages over the
   kind of study proposed by Frazier and Mosteller?
   (A)    It would yield more data and its ndings would
          be more accurate.
   (B)    It would cost less in the long term, though it
          would be more expensive in its initial stages.
   (C)    It would limit the number of variables
          researchers would need to consider when
          evaluating the treatment under study.
   (D)    It would help researchers to identify subgroups
          of patients with secondary conditions that might
          also be treatable.
   (E)    It would enable researchers to assess the value
          of an experimental treatment for the average
          patient.

答案是C。但是我在纠结于C和E。C确实符合逻辑。但是我不是很明白E的问题在哪里。因为我是定位的这句话：A treatment judged successful under these ideal conditions can then be evaluated under normal conditions. E中的assess the value=judge、evaluate，并且如果在ideal condition满足的话，就可以assess the value for the average patient(给更多人带来价值啊）

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103. According to the passage,which of the following describes a result of the way in which researchers  generally conduct clinical trials?
(A)  They expend resources on the storage of
    information likely to be irrelevant to the study
    they are conducting.
B)  They sometimes compromise the accuracy of
    their ndings by collecting and analyzing more
    information than is strictly required for their
    trials.
C)  They avoid the risk of overlooking variables that
    might affect their ndings, even though doing so
    raises their research costs.
D)  Because they attempt to analyze too much
    information, they overlook facts that could
    emerge as relevant to their studies.
E)  In order to approximate the conditions typical of
    medical treatment, they base their methods of
    information collection on those used by hospitals.

答案是A。但是我觉得A说的还是有个问题，因为A说的是storage of information,但是文章是collect，收集又不是储存。

谢谢各位啦 我看了很多解释 但是都没有解答我的疑惑。每个人的思维跟理解都不一样 所以请大神们帮忙~

heidiym

UP~~~~~~~~

heidiym

求解~~~~~~

heidiym

uppppppppp!!!

clooneyge

错的几乎和lz一样。现在再回头看，我觉得E里面的average有问题。patients who have no
ailments besides those being studied 不等于就是average。只不过是控制了一些变量的monitor过的特殊patients
(E)    It would enable researchers to assess the value
           of an experimental treatment for the average
           patient.

heidiym

clooneyge 发表于 2014-6-9 13:36
错的几乎和lz一样。现在再回头看，我觉得E里面的average有问题。patients who have no
ailments besides t ...

谢谢！所以average其实不是general的感觉的意思嘛？

clooneyge

heidiym 发表于 2014-6-13 10:03
谢谢！所以average其实不是general的感觉的意思嘛？

average means typical. But those patients who have no ailment besides those being studied cannot be defined as "typical".

In personal view...