对于方案推理的一点思考

guown

研究herl老师的笔记感觉受益匪浅，但是在推理模式判断上比较疑惑，尤其是方案推理。这两天做prep遇到很多题干类似但推理分类不同的题，对比了几组题过后有了一点思考，贴出来和大家讨论一下。希望理能够越辩越明，我们都能共同进步。


第一组：
71.(prep1)       

In order to improve the long-term savings rate of its citizens, Levaska’s government has decided to introduce special savings accounts.  Citizens can save up to $3,000 a year in special accounts without having to pay tax on the interest, unless they withdraw money from the account before they reach the age of sixty-five.  If they do withdraw any money before that age, they have to pay tax on the accumulated interest and a penalty.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously threatens the success of the government’s plan?


因果：已论证为何要实行该方法。can是客观说明。

78(prep2)                                 
To improve the long-term savings rate of the citizens of Levaska, the country's legislature decided to implement a plan that allows investors to save up to $1,000 per year in special accounts without paying taxes on the interest earned unless withdrawals are made before the investor reaches age sixty-five.  Withdrawals from these accounts prior to age sixty-five would result in the investor's having to pay taxes on all the accumulated interest at the time of withdrawal.
方法：只是讲明方法的原理并无客观陈述。

第二组：
86（prep2）
Concerned about the financial well-being of its elderly citizens, the government of Runagia decided two years ago to increase by 20 percent the government-provided pension paid to all Runagians over 65.  Inflation in the intervening period has been negligible, and the increase has been duly received by all eligible Runagians.  Nevertheless, many of them are no better off financially than they were before the increase, in large part because __________.
因果：方法已经论证，而证明方法的理由是什么推理就是什么形式

87（prep2)
Two years ago, the government of Runagia increased by 20 percent the government-provided pensions paid to Runagians over 65.  The aim of the increase was to stimulate the economy in the rural regions of the country, where most pension recipients live.  Statistics, however, show that there has been no increase in economic activity in those regions since then, but that there has been noticeably more spending in the urban areas.
方法

这里贴出herl笔记原文：
由前提和结论的关系我们能看出比较像是前提中是方案，结论中是目标。这里我们可以横向对比一下本题和86题。同样都是一样的“方案”，在86题中的结论是老人们的经济可以better off，显然和“方案”之间的因果关系比较直接。而在本题中，结论是刺激农村地区（老人住的地方）的消费，和“方案”之间的关系不那么直接，所以可以认为是一个目标，故而本题可以判断为方案推理。

请注意，以上两道题目虽然内容差不多，甚至连答案都差不多，但实则还是有本质区别的。大家在判断的时候，一定到尽量保证判断准确，方可不失不必要的分数。



第三组：90（prep2)In the nation of Partoria, large trucks currently have a much higher rate of traffic accidents per mile driven than other vehicles do.  However, the very largest trucks—those with three trailers—had less than a third of the accident rate of single- and double-trailer trucks.  Clearly, therefore, one way for Partoria to reduce the number of traffic accidents would be to require shippers to increase their use of triple-trailer trucks.

相关因果：因为方案的论证是通过相关因果推出
这题给我最大的震撼是，由于做题惯性看到方案就只想到因果和方案中去选，而忽略了其他论证。

1、方法的论证是客观描述不是主观臆断。
2、方法论证的方式就是推理模式。
3、实在分不清也不用太纠结，看到方案就化作方案模式，它的论证模式可以归入方案的Cq1方案可行性，同时也考虑其他几个Cq：方案可实现性、方案副作用等。

旺财财

看过，谢谢亲，请问herl老师的笔记哪里能看到呢