赶ddl，最终战，求给力

一粒黄豆。

读文章时：
•        要思考，1主题，2套路，3文章结构，4作者态度。记住强烈的转折点，语言大点，稍带对细节有印象（知道哪里是在举例即可，内容可以扫过，如果一个例子/类比的目的已知，该例子/类比本身就可以暂且不看，后面万一问到，再看不迟。）
•        除了确定下来的主题句，不要反复捉摸/精解每一句话。不要沉溺于猜测一两个词汇词组的含义，不要沉溺于对一两句话语法结构的分析。遇到生僻单词词组和奇难结构的句子，要果断掠过，不要纠结。
•        阅读有层次：中心观点ts，要详细读，读懂，可以反复读几遍；论据，略读，帮助理解即可；论证过程，非常简略地扫过。
•        切忌去理解原文细节，胡思乱想，不需要从学术上思考文章的具体意思，能作题就行。
•        要关注的词：
        比如but，yet，如果出现在段首，说明这一段又历史性大转折，和前面所讲的完全不是一个范畴，比如一个全新的观点。出现在一个理论和现象刚刚说完之后，这样刚才讲的内容全部作废，之后的话才是作者要说的。
        比如although，重点永远在后半句。
        原因，结论：therefore，hence，thus，conclude这些词汇引起的明确结论要注意。Because引起的原因一般属于细节，可以少关注。
        对比关系：普通强对比，比如a，unlike b；c，in contrast to d，is；时间状语强对比，now，new，nowadays，current ideas和过去强对比；once，until recently，past是和现在对比。如果出现一个in 某某年代，那么之前之后都可能。
        出现人名，要记在纸上，比如L3 K
        一些小词seem，appear，probably，perhaps等，弱化了作者的行文结论，特别是最高级、唯一性词汇和判断句：…on only records that seemed to exist，那么这里出题的重点就不是only而是seem。





Main idea主旨题
•        能把握文章结构的，主旨就没问题
•        第一段通常会出现main idea的句子，advance，suggest，数量词，转折语气，propose，demonstrate，assert，according to要重点注意
•        段落比较少的，甚至只有一段的，main idea句子比较分散，通常不用一句概括，但是选项会比较简单，很好排除
•        结合作者的态度和选项开头动词，可以排除明显错误，
•        有些文章，前面部分的结构已经很完整，但是后面部分说了大段和前面无关的离题内容，这时，要“从前不从后”，按照前面套路的结构把握文章主题，不要受后面的影响。
•        有的文章前面给了作者的态度，特别是在ts中给出了正态度，末尾一段又有转折，说了一些缺点毛病。注意，结尾只是让步，这种让步不会撼动作者在文中的主体态度。
•        开头动词解释：
        作者表明态度/立场的argumentation：defending 辩护refuting反驳correct纠正question疑问criticizing批判challenging 怀疑reconcile 调和emphasizing强调advocate 主张，提倡present提出point out 指出initiating 开创propose建议suggest 建议alternative替代选择arguing证明illustrate 举例说明clarifying 阐明澄清make a case for阐明论据reinterpret重新解释enumerating 列举检查consider考虑，细想assessing 评估evaluating评估distinguish 分辨identify 识别chanllenge, counter, correct
        作者客观描述别人的理论presentation：explain 解释revealing揭示tracing 描绘introducing介绍address 演说，展示describing 描绘，形容showing 说明demonstrate展示/证明outline 描述comparing对比contrasting对比discussing 讨论analyzing 分析（一般会有research）exploring 探索summarize 总结examine report 报导

•        文章的topic sentence出现在何处：
        结论说明型：ts就是首句的结论,说明的过程考细节（逻辑关系）
        新老观点型：ts就是新观点介绍那句，只考被支持的那个（新的观点）的细节
        现象解释型：先出现一个现象，然后解释这个现象，ts就是解释，解释的内容对应的现实内容考细节
        问题回答型：先给出一个问题，然后对问题给出解答，解答就是ts，问题解决办法考细节（逻辑）

•        提示ts出现的标志：一段叙述后出现了转折词；设问及其回答；大段举例前/后的观点就是ts


Biologists have advanced two theories to explain why schooling of fish occurs in so many fish species.
but suggest that simply adopting ecoefficiency innovations could actually worsen environmental stresses in the future.  
Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems. First, it is the poorest of the poor. Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, I would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging.
Terrestrial snakes, in particular, exhibit adaptations that aid in circulating blood against the force of gravity.
But what is meant by "services"? Some economists define a service as The broader, classical definition is The United States government's definition is more practical   this definition fails this definition
view the use of women's oral narratives Such narratives, unlike most standard histories, represent experience from the perspective of women, affirm the importance of women's contributions, and furnish present-day women with Scholars of women's history should, however, be as cautious about
Manufacturers have to do more than build large manufacturing plants to realize economies of scale. but realized economies of scale are operational and organizational, and depend on knowledge, skills, experience, and teamwork—that is, on organized human capabilities, intangible capital.
Instead, these analyses suggest that factors affecting employers account for the rise in temporary employment. One factor is Another factor is firms should. Government policymakers should
In reality, regulatory costs—and therefore compliance—fall unevenly, economically disadvantaging some companies and benefiting others.
In Winters v. United States (1908), the Supreme Court held that the right to use waters flowing through or adjacent to the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation was reserved to American Indians by the treaty establishing the reservation. This pragmatic approach is buttressed by Arizona v. California (1963), wherein the Supreme Court indicated that the manner in which any type of federal reservation is created does not affect the application to it of the Winters doctrine[line38-42].
Milankovitch proposed in the early twentieth century that the ice ages were caused by variations in the Earth's orbit around the Sun. To establish such a chronology it is necessary to determine the relative amounts of land ice that existed at various times in the Earth's past. A recent discovery makes such a determination possible:
Two works published in 1984 demonstrate contrasting approaches to writing the history of United States women. Buel and Buel's biography of Mary Fish (1736-1818) makes little effort to place her story in the context of recent historiography on women. Lebsock, meanwhile,
In recent studies, however, we have discovered that the production and release in brain neurons of the neurotransmitter serotonin (neurotransmitters are compounds that neurons use to transmit signals to other cells) depend directly on the food that the body processes.
the Home Secretary proposed in 1895 that Parliament enact legislation that would prohibit women from holding most jobs in white lead factories. (WIDC), it opposed the proposal Also opposing the proposal(SPEW), (WTUL), supported the eventually enacted proposal,
In 1955 Maurice Duverger published The Political Role of Women, Duverger's work set an early standard Duverger's approach In addition, Duverger's discussion of his findings was hampered Duverger's study foreshadowed
Frazier and Mosteller assert that medical research could be improved by a move toward larger, simpler clinical trials of medical treatments. Frazier and Mosteller propose not only that researchers limit data collection on  individual patients but also that researchers enroll more patients in clinical trials,
According to a recent theory, The recently developed theory has considerable practical importance
Our contribution to the search for this "missing matter" has been to study the rotational velocity of galaxies at various distances from their center of rotation.  Instead we have found that   Our findings suggest that
Jon Clark's study of the effect of the modernization of a telephone exchange on exchange maintenance work and workers is a solid contribution to a debate that encompasses two lively issues in the history and sociology of technology: technological determinism and social constructivism.  Thus Clark helps answer the question: "When is social choice decisive and when are the concrete characteristics of technology more important?"
But the question of who actually left the South has never been rigorously investigated. Although numerous investigations document an exodus from rural southern areas to southern cities prior to the Great Migration, no one has considered whether the same migrants then moved on to northern cities. and the easy conclusion tying their subsequent economic problems in the North to their rural background comes into question.






Supporting idea细节题
第一遍读原文时不用去记细节，只要有大概印象，对于举例，可以记L23eg以便解题时定位。解题时，先看提干，提取关键词，然后看选项，选出觉得最可疑的一项，然后回去定位检查。
•        定位是关键
•        取非
•        近义词替换
        例71：
With which of the following characterizations of Lebsock’s contribution to the controversy concerning women’s status in the nineteenth-century United States would the author of the passage be most likely to agree?
(A) Lebsock has studied women from a formerly neglected region and time period.
(B) Lebsock has demonstrated the importance of frame of reference in answering questions about women’s status.
原话More importantly, she shows（=demonstrate）that the debate itself depends on frame of reference: 这里demonstrate=show
(C) Lebsock has addressed the controversy by using women’s current status as a frame of reference. 虽然也有frame of reference ，但是address（解决）the controversy是no info
(D) Lebsock has analyzed statistics about occupations and property that were previously ignored.
(E) Lebsock has applied recent historiographical methods to the biography of a nineteenth-century woman.

•        做信息题最好先找出选项中感觉最可能的一项，记住关键词，再去原文中对照。
•        信息又分两种，一种是比较容易定位的，信息集中的
        例119：
The authors propose all of the following as possibly contributing to the “missing matter” in spiral galaxies EXCEPT
(A) massive black holes
(B) small black holes
(C) small, dim stars
(D) massive stars
(E) large planets
乍一看，DE没有在文中看到过，AB的massive和small不知道是不是都符合，回去一找，就可以得出正确答案。没有必要在读文章的时候记太多细节，细节还是靠快速精准的定位。


•        另一种是信息分散的，难定位
        例134：
The author indicates explicitly that which of the following records has been a source of information in her investigation?
(A) United States Immigration Service reports from 1914 to 1930
(B) Payrolls of southern manufacturing firms between 1910 and 1930
(C) The volume of cotton exports between 1898 and 1910
(D) The federal census of 1910
(E) Advertisements of labor recruiters appearing in southern newspapers after 1910
乍一看，可以排除掉BCE，文中完全没有提到关于工资、棉花出口、广告的调查，AD不确定，可以用年份来找，文中有没有明确的1914-1930，没有；而文中明确出现了federal census和1910，所以选D

•        有的题找不到现成的信息，从选项判断：有的选项的信息都是文中出现的，但是有明显的逻辑错误；有的选项没有明显错误，但是出现了文中从来没有出现过的信息可以排除；剩下一项没有明显逻辑错误（虽然也暂时找不到证明它正确的地方），而且信息都在文中出现过，就可以判对。
        例：132
According to the passage, which of the following best describes a function performed by oligosaccharins?
(A) Regulating the daily functioning of a plant’s cells文中从来没有出现过关于日期的词，daily显然是no info
(B) Interacting with one another to produce different chemicals 文中没有讲oli要interact with，而且oli本身并不produce 其他东西，而是被release
(C) Releasing specific chemical messengers from a plant’s cell walls
(D) Producing the hormones that cause plant cells to differentiate to perform different functions CD都有明显的逻辑错误，oli是被release的
(E) Influencing the development of a plant’s cells by controlling the expression of the cells’ genes 第一段出现了expression of genes，逻辑上也没有违背文中内容


Evaluation
•        这类题的特点是，只要理解了文章，选项基本不会产生什么迷惑，直接就能找出正确选项。
•        如果文章没读懂，就先定位题干，然后往前或者往后找一句。另外，关注上段尾句可以帮助判断这一段的作用。
        例24：
The primary purpose of the third paragraph is to
上一段最后一句：certain adaptations enable them to regulate blood pressure more effectively in those orientations.
本段首句： One such adaptation is the closer proximity of the terrestrial snake's heart to its head,
可以判断前后两段的态度上是一致的，是支持
(A) introduce a topic that is not discussed earlier in the passage 显然错
(B) describe a more efficient method of achieving an effect discussed in the previous paragraph 文中段落间没有对比
(C) draw a conclusion based on information elaborated in the previous paragraph 显然不是总结，也没有明确的词表示总结
(D) discuss two specific examples of phenomena mentioned at the end of the previous paragraph
The heart of sea snakes 和In arboreal snakes, however明显是两个examples
(E) introduce evidence that undermines a view reported earlier in the passage examples也可以看做是evidence，但是undermine是反对的态度，错误

        例39：
In the context of the passage as a whole, the second paragraph serves primarily to
上段末句：but realized economies of scale are operational and organizational, and depend on knowledge, skills, experience, and teamwork—that is, on organized human capabilities, or intangible capital.
本段首句：The importance of investing in intangible capital becomes obvious when one looks at what happens in new capital-intensive manufacturing industries.  
根据本段首句可以判断，这段的态度是support的，而不是反对。What happens in引出例子，所以这段讲的是example。
Ps：What happens in是一个隐藏的举例标识，比如有一篇讲terrestrial snakes：The problem confronting terrestrial snakes is best illustrated by what happens to sea snakes when removed from their supportive medium.这里what happens to也是一个举例的标识，引出sea snakes的例子来支持要说明的东西。
A.provide an example to support the argument presented in the first paragraph 完全符合
B.evaluate various strategies discussed in the first paragraph
显然错
C.introduce evidence that undermines the argument presented in the first paragraph introduce evidence 可以勉强作为example的另一种说法，但是undermine是反对态度，错误
D.anticipate possible objections to the argument presented in the first paragraph objection反对，态度错误
E.demonstrate the potential dangers of a commonly used strategy no info

•        问某一句话，比如最后一句，的作用，要往前找，一般这句话是为了前面那句话才存在的。
        例34：
Which of the following best describes the function of the last sentence of the passage?
前一句：The political rhetoric of a particular era, for example, may influence women's interpretations of the significance of their experience.
后一句：Thus a woman who views the Second World War as pivotal in increasing the social acceptance of women's paid work outside the home may reach that conclusion partly and unwittingly because of wartime rhetoric encouraging a positive view of women's participation in such work.
Thus把关系表达的很清楚，两句话是有因果联系的。显然是为了支持前一句话的一个例子。
(A) It describes an event that historians view as crucial in recent women’s history. 这句话的function显然不是描述一个事件这么简单
(B) It provides an example of how political rhetoric may influence the interpretations of experience reported in women’s oral narratives.完全符合前一句话的内容
(C) It provides an example of an oral narrative that inaccurately describes women’s experience during a particular historical period. 前半句正确，particular historical...no info
(D) It illustrates the point that some women are more aware than others of the social forces that shape their oral narratives. 莫须有的对比
(E) It identifies the historical conditions that led to the social acceptance of women’s paid work outside the home. No info

•        问某个fact的作用，如果无法直接判断，在文中找到这个fact原文，往后或者往前找一句。
        例60：
The author cites the fact that the Rio Grande pueblos were never formally withdrawn from public lands primarily in order to do which of the following?
Fact所在句：no treaty, statute, or executive order has ever designated or withdrawn the pueblos from public lands as American Indian reservations.
后一句：This fact, however, has not barred application of the Winters doctrine.
注意这个however，言下之意本身这个fact说明Winters的app不适用于pueblos的，但是出于某种原因，导致not bar，所以要用however来转折。
(A) Suggest why it might have been argued that the Winters doctrine ought not to apply to pueblo lands 符合，ps这道题从单词对照角度也能做，apply对应后一句中的application
(B) Imply that the United States never really acquired sovereignty over pueblo lands
(C) Argue that the pueblo lands ought still to be considered part of federal public lands
(D) Support the argument that the water rights of citizens other than American Indians are limited by the Winters doctrine
(E) Suggest that federal courts cannot claim jurisdiction over cases disputing the traditional diversion and use of water by Pueblo Indians






Logical structure
•        题目一般问“…”in order to/meant to…，跟evaluation比较相似，读懂文章内容的情况下不需要定位，很容易判断，如果没读懂，也可以通过“定位-向前/后找一句”的方法解决。
        例30：
The author refers to “service workers employed by manufacturers” (line 23) primarily in order to point out
题干定位：service workers employed by manufacturers
往后找一句：Such ambiguities reveal the arbitrariness（flaw） of this definition
(A) a type of worker not covered by the United States government’s system of classifying occupations
(B) a flaw in the United States government’s definition of services
(C) a factor that has influenced the growth of the service economy in the United States
(D) a type of worker who is classified on the basis of work performed rather than on the basis of the company’s final product 首先，说反了，其次，这不是目的
(E) the diversity of the workers who are referred to as service workers
        例80：
The authors’ discussion of the “mechanism that provides blood tryptophan to the brain cells” (lines 34–35) is meant to
定位：The answer lies in the mechanism that provides blood tryptophan to the brain cells.从定位就可以看出是在回答什么，直接往前找。
前一句：Since protein contains tryptophan, why should it depress brain tryptophan levels?前面的why说明先问了一个问题，然后回答，所以是explain/answer
(A) stimulate further research studies stimulate引起，刺激
(B) summarize an area of scientific investigation
(C) help explain why a particular research finding was obtained 选项的首单词就可以判断
(D) provide supporting evidence for a controversial scientific theory
(E) refute the conclusions of a previously mentioned research study



•        Weaken类题目，选项中正确答案能削弱题干中的结论，选项无法从文中找到，所以需要定位题干，首先理解题干中结论说的是什么。从逻辑上理解，支撑结论成立的根据是哪几个，那么这几个被weaken了，结论就weaken了。
        例43：
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the explanation provided by the human capital theory for women’s concentration in certain occupations in seventeenth-century Florence?
定位题干：In addition, the human capital theory explains why there was a high concentration of women workers in certain low-skill jobs, such as weaving, but not in others, such as combing or carding, by positing that because of their primary responsibility in child rearing women took occupations that could be carried out in the home.
意思是：因为女人主要负责照顾孩子，所以她们大多从事可以带回家做的工作，比如编织，所以女人集中从事低技术含量的工作。
        方法一：看完这个结论，自己可以首先想想如果让你去weaken，你会抓哪几个点？这些点就是“因为..”的内容。1.女人负责照顾孩子2.工作需要在家做3.在家做的工作都是低技术含量的
如果要weaken可能是1.女人其实不负责照顾孩子 2.工作不用再家做 3.在家做的工作也有不是低技术的活
        方法二：文中解释的关键词是child rearing和carried out in home，比照选项中有没有出现关键词中的任意一个。这个方法可以用来排除掉一些选项，缩小范围，光看，不用想，减少时间。尤其对于实在看不懂的内容，关键词对照很有用。
(A) Women were unlikely to work outside the home even in occupations whose hours were flexible enough to allow women to accommodate domestic tasks as well as paid labor.
意思是普通工作即使很灵活，可以带回家，女人也不干这样的工作。
        是通过“3.带回家的工作也有不是低技术的活 ”来weaken的
        而且出现了outside the home和domestic tasks这些与关键词有关的词。
(B) Parents were less likely to teach occupational skills to their daughters than they were to their sons.
(C) Women’s participation in the Florentine paid labor force grew steadily throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
(D) The vast majority of female weavers in the Florentine wool industry had children.这里也出现了children，但是逻辑上无法weaken
(E) Few women worked as weavers in the Florentine silk industry, which was devoted to making cloths that required a high degree of skill to produce.

•        某个词跟哪个选项的意思符合，一般如果理解了文章意思，很好做，
如果没看懂，还是先定位，往前/后找，定位好了以后要仔细读，不要漏掉重点。
找了还是看不懂，找关键词
        例50：
In the context of the passage, the word “excessive” (line 23) most closely corresponds to which of the following phrases?
定位： firms should be discouraged from creating excessive numbers of temporary positions.
往前找：Given the analyses, which reveal that growth in temporary employment now far exceeds the level explainable by recent workforce entry rates of groups said to prefer temporary jobs,
        方法一：意思是，根据分析，短工的增长远超过工人对短工的需求。所以工厂不应该使临时工作岗位多于工人需求。
        方法二：关键词growth in… ,far exceeds ,prefer temporary jobs.
(A) Far more than can be justified by worker preferences
意思上符合。且有关键词preferences
(B) Far more than can be explained by fluctuations in product demand
(C) Far more than can be beneficial to the success of the firms themselves
(D) Far more than can be accounted for by an expanding national economy
(E) Far more than can be attributed to increases in the total number of people in the workforce
后面四个选项都是no info，很好判断，排除也能做


•        文中两种东西怎么产生关联？难出翔！但还是可以找前后句的！
        例109：
The theory mentioned in lines 1–5 relates to the conceptual models discussed in the passage in which of the following ways?

定位1：line1-5
定位2：Such ground selection relies to varying degrees on conceptual models, which take into account theoretical studies of relevant factors.
因为是他们的联系，所以在cm出现前，不会讲联系，肯定要到cm出场后才说联系，所以从定位2往后找。
后一句：These models are constructed primarily from empirical observations of known mineral deposits and from theories of ore-forming processes
可以推出：theories支持models
(A) It may furnish a valid account of ore-forming processes, and, hence, can support conceptual models that have great practical significance.
(B) It suggests that certain geological formations, long believed to be mineralized, are in fact mineralized, thus confirming current conceptual models.
(C) It suggests that there may not be enough similarity across Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems to warrant the formulation of conceptual models.
(D) It corrects existing theories about the chemical halos of gold deposits, and thus provides a basis for correcting current conceptual models.
(E) It suggests that simple prospecting methods still have a higher success rate in the discovery of gold deposits than do more modern methods.


•        （真是什么奇葩题都有= =…）作者预测哪个选项会反对自己的理论，文章读得好的，可以直接选，读不懂的，还是找的到的！
        例135：
In the passage, the author anticipates which of the following as a possible objection to her argument?
首先因为题目没说在第几行，直说her argument，根据文章结构，作者的argument出现在最后一段，并且由倒数第二段的最后一句引出。所以possible objection肯定出现在这个范围。
定位：It is perhaps surprising to argue that an employed population could be enticed to move, but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South.
只要定位准确就可以选对，选项肯定是原句的改写。另外，这里的关键词是move，argue
(A) It is uncertain how many people actually migrated during the Great Migration.
(B) The eventual economic status of the Great Migration migrants has not been adequately traced.
(C) It is not likely that people with steady jobs would have reason to move to another area of the country.意思符合，关键词move符合
(D) It is not true that the term “manufacturing and mechanical pursuits” actually encompasses the entire industrial sector.
(E) Of the African American workers living in southern cities, only those in a small number of trades were threatened by obsolescence.
这道题其他选项都很容易排除，都是no info


Inference
这类题，答案很分散，定位困难，如果第一遍读的时候就读懂了，就好选，没读懂的话，再去定位很花时间。
这类题的选项有特点，
如果是选imply的选项，错误选项的共同特点就是no info；如果选except的选项，被选中的选项是no info。
有些no info的选项中出现了文中完全没有出现，逻辑也无法推理出的东西，可以果断排除。
有些则貌似可以由逻辑推出，但实际上只要是原文没有出现过的，就是no info。
而正确的选项，虽然定位分散，但还是在文中出现过相关的关键词。
例15：
The passage suggests that many African American people responded to their experiences in the armed forces in which of the following ways?
A.They maintained as civilians their enthusiastic allegiance to the armed forces.
B.They questioned United States involvement in the First World War.
C.They joined political organizations to protest the segregation of African American troops and the indignities they suffered in the military.
D.They became aware of the gap between their expectations and the realities of American culture.
E.They repudiated Garvey's message of pride and unity.
ABDE都有没出现过的info，C从逻辑上虽然可以推出这个可能，但是没有明确说过，就不能选。
只有D中的gap …在原文出现过：when a perceptible gap arises between a culture's expectations and the reality of that culture
•        另外一种类型，选项中的内容都在文中出现了，但是有些选项和文中逻辑相反。这种最难，每个选项都要看，而且关键是要把选项看懂。
        例16：
It can be inferred from the passage that the “scholars” mentioned in the highlight text believe which of the following to be true?
原文Some scholars have argued that Garvey created the consciousness from which he built, in the
1920s, the largest revitalization movement in African American history
也就是说scholars的看法是：G的revitalization创造了意识，这个意识是原本不存在的。言下之意是这样是行不通的，G必须在已经存在的意识上进行revitalization，才能取得胜利。
A.Revitalization resulted from the political activism of returning African American soldiers following the First World War. 意思是soldier导致了revitalization
B.Marcus Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes in order for his mass movement to find a foothold in the United States.因为行不通，所以had to change，find a foothold的意思就是去找一个现存的意识。
C.The prevailing sensibility of the African American community provided the foundation of Marcus Garvey’s political appeal.现存的意识提供了基础，与scholar的看法相反。
D.Marcus Garvey hoped to revitalize consciousness of cultural and historical identity in the African American community. In…说明是G想在AA社区中已经存在的sense基础上revitalize
E.The goal of the mass movement that Marcus Garvey helped bring into being was to build on the pride and unity among African Americans.among…也表明意识现存。
这道题的关键是，读得懂选项！B的内容也没有在文中出现过，完全是推理出来的。发散的真特么厉害！这道题适合用排除法。文中学者的态度其实很好理解，关键是哪些选项的逻辑是和学者想法相反的。比如D选项，我操，看不懂啊，看了答案解释才勉强接受，选项的in表示意识存在于AA社区中，所以错误。遇到这种题。。。真是跪了，这种就不是靠技巧能拿下的了，要很好的阅读能力，如果连选项都读不懂，那是不用搞了，直接蒙一个过吧。


总结来说：
Main idea重在对全文结构的把握，map可以记每一段的中心思想。每一段的首句很重要。
Supporting detail的重点在于先看选项，提取关键词，根据第一感觉先选出一个，再回原文定位，找到相关信息，提取关键词并对照。
Evaluation和Logical structure比较像，都是先根据题干信息在原文定位，然后往前或往后找一句。理解意思，提取关键词，对照选项。
Inference么就属于逻辑问题了，一般错误选项有四种类型     1文中没有这个信息 2推理反了 3推理过渡，自己臆想 4张冠李戴   
做这种题，选项都要读，要理解。果断排除1,2,4类型，然后对比剩下的。

实在太难的题，毫无思路，时间又紧张的，就选A！
关于记笔记
要记：人名，地名，作者态度（+-），强对比（><），比较（>,<,=，三角形表示最高级），举例（eg），ts
另外，每一段的中心意思在刚才的笔记右边用下箭头顺势记，梳理文章结构，还可以对付logical structure题。

一粒黄豆。

哎 单单阅读能力提高也不够 做题还是需要技巧技巧技巧！！！
今天一上来做了两篇og 就错了3道 心拔凉拔凉的

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稍微找到一点感觉了，二战以后有点对自己不自信，选项之间很犹豫，不敢大胆排除。 现在把握一个原则：文中没有提到的大胆排除，没有明显错误的，就是相对较优选想，一般来说一遍下来就找到正确答案了。 做阅读要用排除法！ 而且要选“较优”，而不是从文中扣细节去验证正确选项，而是果断排除文中没提到的错误内容！！

一粒黄豆。

阅读OG已做完，难度还是有的，二战是有多傻？完全不重视阅读，平时不练也就算了，寂静也不看。。。真是对自己无语

这次意识到虽然阅读能力提高了，但是没有系统的阅读方法，要在limited时间内系统理解一篇文章还是很有难度的。做题也是有技巧的，不是读懂就能作对，对题干的理解，选项删除的技巧都要掌握！

三战阅读复习的感悟：
读文章方法：
1.看到转折词 however but although，对比词 different more less，态度看法理论词 overvalue exaggerate hypothesis theory conclusion 特别注意。主旨句认真读。
2.每读完一段，回忆本段主旨大意，写下大概。
3.全篇读完回忆全片主旨大意，文章结构，作者态度。 思考 intent作者表达的态度或者描述的主旨，means作者通过什么手段，对比？例证？  

做题方法：
1.做阅读要用排除法！文中没有提到的大胆排除，别从文中扣细节去验证正确选项，没有明显错误的，就是相对较优选项。  要选“较优”，果断排除文中没提到的错误内容！！
2.文中出现对比，最高级等概念一定要在原文中找到对应的，不然文中没出现的内容坚决不能选！不能自己yy！
3.题干一定要读明白，关键词一定要抓住。

一粒黄豆。

最后贴上悠悠阅读法，强推！

大到任何书籍，任何文章，小到任何句子，任何词语，要想读透，一定要知道弄清楚两点：
author’s intent [作者的意图]，
writer’s craft [作者的手法]。
为什么？因为弄清楚这两点之后，你就变成作者本人了。
意图是你动笔的目的，手法是你为了传达你动笔的目的所用的词、句、例子、理论、逻辑、引用、等等。

你会发现GMAT阅读的考题里，问到的问题大多数都是这样的类型：
作者为什么写这篇文章？
作者为什么举这个例子？
作者引用这段话的目的是？
你可以推测作者认为xyz？
文章里高亮的作者的这句话在整篇文章里的作用是？
……
由此可见弄懂作者的意图和手法对做题是多么重要。

-------------------------------

随便打两个简单的比方。

如果一段话这么写:
观点1……例子……观点2。
作者的意图是什么？
肯定是支持观点1，观点2和观点1一定是同一战线上的，只不过是对观点1所作的延伸。
我是怎么知道作者的这个意图的呢？
因为作者用了例子这个手法。在观点1和观点2之间，举个例子作为观点1的支撑，并作为把观点1和观点2联系起来的桥梁。
（类似写法：OG13 第380页第一段话）

现在，如果一段话这么写：
观点1……观点1的逻辑……转折（观点2）……例子……观点3。
作者的意图是什么？
肯定是指出观点1逻辑上的问题，并且支持观点2。
我是怎么知道作者的这个意图的？
因为作者的手法！因为作者一把观点1的逻辑写出来，马上就做了个转折，说明观点1的问题一定出在它的逻辑上，这也就是观点2的内容。接着作者举例，这个例子肯定是用来证明观点1逻辑上的错误（证明观点2），进而支持观点3的。
（类似写法：OG13 第386页）

想想如果是你自己写文章，是不是也得这样写？！
这样你还能顺藤摸瓜，想到接下来文章作者要继续写的话，是不是应该拓展观点3的某些方面？这有助于对下段的理解。

GMAT很可能会这么考你：
观点1[考点：作者对观点1持什么态度]……观点1的逻辑[考点：我们可以推测这句话说明什么？]……转折（观点2）[考点：这句话在文中的作用是？]……例子[考点：作者举这个例子的作用是？]……观点3[考点：我们可以推测作者认为……？]。
像这样的考题，只要你清楚作者的意图和手法，就完全不在话下。

-------------------------------

这种阅读法的优点和正确率参考：
这种以弄懂作者的意图和手法为目的的阅读法，好处在于：
排除选项速度快：你的思路就是作者的思路，那么不符合作者思路的迷惑选项，都能秒排（几秒钟之内排除）。
做题定位准：因为知道文章每句话的作用，即使读得不是很细致，考题一出马上就可以知道准确定位在哪里，没读仔细的可以立刻重读。
正答把握高：一对比原文和排除后的最终选项，瞬间可以确定正确与否，没有疑虑。
这种阅读法如果用得好，阅读正确率可以达到99%以上，做题的速度可以达到每题都在30秒以下，可谓快、准、稳。自己用这种方法，OG，verbal分册，和prep里的题目（一共大概500来道），只有一道题是真正做错的。其它错误都是因为题目没仔细读好，粗心错的，但总体来说正确率依然在95%以上。这么一想应该是非常好用的方法，欢迎大家讨论。

一粒黄豆。

小安对于细节的看法：

1、细节要，记住关键字（用于定位），记住作用。内容不要记

2、细节题主要围绕文章主题（极少细节题仅仅考细节，当然也有），应用相关/不相关原则和一致/不一致原则快速排除，节约时间。

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举个例子 prep package-1 第五篇，讲工资和成本的关系。
文章框架如下：
p1：myth是不对的；工资不等于成本；manager总是利用工资调节成本的原因（细节1 visible 2 好control）
p2：myth一直盛行的两个原因：1 journal（细节提到德国高薪） 2 consultant industry（细节提到三个原因1 interest 2control 3 new problem）

具体的细节不用看懂，直到这些细节的作用，细节谈到什么就够了，题目问道再回去定位细读。

文迪

楼主好认真！

一粒黄豆。

文迪 发表于 2013-12-23 22:33
楼主好认真！

必须的

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汇报一下今天的复习内容：
本月阅读jj已看完一遍，数学做完100道，今天做完另外100道就ok了。200道覆盖面已经很大了，（我可做不了300+400+，做那么多小学数学题会影响智商我觉得。。。）

目前为止阅读复习的差不多了，再做也没什么意义了，就靠jj锦上添花一下了。逻辑之前做了几天，正确率还ok，逻辑思维没啥问题，主要还是题目理解，阅读能力。
最后剩下语法，一战二战语法看了那么多，本来觉得不需要再看了，但是担心阴沟里翻船，所以决定明天看 prep2012.争取两天做完，妥妥的。

明后天白天做sc，可以捎带脚做十几道逻辑保持感觉， 晚上看阅读jj，非得刻在脑子里不可。


说实话我没把握这次能考多少，经过二战阴沟里翻船，我再也不敢狂了 我会好好复习，认真做题，淡定考试的。 可能就像以前考托福一样，在最后分数出来前永远不会知道自己到底是什么水平。
加油，已经付出那么多了，憋足最后一口气把！！

好了 做小学数学题去了