赶ddl，最终战，求给力

一粒黄豆。

我很森气！为啥每篇阅读都要错一道 总有一些地方理解的不对 没有养成active reading的习惯！！ 都快要考试了 也来不及培养了，只能考前默念几遍，考试时记得active一点吧！

贴上mindfree大神的阅读法：active reading

下面是Mindfree关于阅读部分的考后总结：

阅读。自从1998年ETS改机考后，阅读题在题型的比重上有所变化。原来一篇文章8-9个问题，可能有一道主题题，一道态度题或结构题，其它是细节题。很多人在阅读时都争取一遍读下来就记住大量的细节，以便应付比重很高的细节题。机考后，文章的长度变化感觉不大，但每篇文章的题目减少到3-5题。主题题或态度题几乎还是每篇一道，但是细节题的比重减小。所以阅读方式也要随之变化。

大家都知道第一段和每一段第一句话的重要性。在机考中更为重要。平时练习中，要做到随看随想。比如说，读了第一段，应该知道作者说了什么，是提出一种现象并解释，还是提出一个观点并举例说明,说明还是提出流行观点然后质疑,并提出新观点。如果是反驳，反驳的是理论还是支持此理论的事例或实验? 作者对所提出的这些观点抱什么态度。

读懂并记住每段第一句话（或前两句）帮助你明白每一段的中心思想。在看完第二句和第散句后，就应该知道此段的结构，比如是举例说明作者观点，还是分别驳斥作者反对的理论或是观点。继续读的过程中，要很快的读细节，能做到读完知道细节是什么，是一个实验，一个人的观点，此人是谁等等。但是细节不需要记忆。因为细节题只有2-4道，很多细节没有考题，努力记忆太多细节对做题没有帮助。

最后一段很重要。一般都是总结性观点。包括作者的态度变化，新理论的提出，和作者补充很多在最后一段。要读懂内容。找关键词.

在阅读时，要注意对关键词的挑选。表示观点态度的副词和形容词，理论观点中的关键名词等。

做题时，细节题要回到段落中找。无论什么题型，答案都在关键词附近。所以对关键词的印象很重要。

一粒黄豆。

以下是Mindfree关于阅读的一些回帖摘录：

Mindfree:

Normally people should learn two thing in their preparation: what GMAT is about and how to think (read). In order to learn well, you need to think and remember a lot. When you do some questions wrong, did you spend time to think over them? When you read a SC question, can you see the grammar point it is testing? Same for CR, can you tell the reasoning in it? When you read the article in RC, do you get the big picture first before you try to remember all the details? If not, you might not have done enough.

About the reading speed, you need to step back and see how you read now. I used to read slowly, because I was trying to catch all the details in the article. The problem of this approach is that most of the details are useless. There are limited questions on details. Moreover, your reading will be slowed down and you might miss the big picture -- what the article is trying to say. There is normally only one theme in every article -- conclusion. The rest will be supporting materials. Catch the theme and sort out the supporting evidence (details) is the key. What you should do is read the first few sentences in each paragraph very carefully and think hard. Try to connect the meanings and see what the article is all about. Skim through the details. For example, if the first sentence of a paragraph says an experiment on rats has proven that the drug is very effective. Then it elaborates on how the experiment was conducted. Then you know what this paragraph is all about. You do not have to pay much attention to the details of the experiment. Just skim thorugh and maybe find some key words. Unless asked later for such details, you might not even have to come back to the details.

Develop your own approach. Also find the moderators for each section and send them short messages with your question. The way you ask questions above, we do not know what specific problems you have and we cannot do much about it.

------------------

Mindfree: I need to clarify one thing. Active reading should not be that you think about each sentence separately. Argument and logic reasoning is a process. GMAT CR question itself is a concise reasoning process in which each sentence serves some purpose. Therefore, you should always get the big picture, instead of focus on just the sentence.

I am saying this because some people are asking me questions and I feel that they might have misunderstood what I mean about thinking over each part of the argument.

------------------

Mindfree: Find the argument of the article. Every article is trying to state an opinion. Always think while reading. Do not just read, which means you "see" words but do not put them together to get the big picture.

------------------

Sebastian: 偶觉得阅读充分体现了人脑的神奇，譬如我，原先阅读速度奇慢，且看了半天还不知所云，后来不慌不忙的看OG RC，一遍一遍的看，看RC的解释，忽然就发现大脑自考的角度不同了：以前是扎在文章里看，看的全是细节，现在看结构了，细节开始扫了(可能就是大牛们说的略读吧)。

这个过程绝对不是我有意识锻炼出来的，完全是无意识下转变。

Mindfree: I totally agree with such approach. I do not think there is any need to take notes. It is all about how active your brain is. By focusing on structure and the major argument, you can easily answer most of the questions. Good understanding of the structure will lead you to the details.

------------------

Mindfree: 我认为你应该注意阅读的速度和pace了，如果在规定时间以外完成，说明你在阅读时可能对细节过于注意。我的建议是尝试在阅读是把握文章主体结构，对论据、论述和论点的方位和逻辑结构的掌握能帮助你很快的locate细节。

-----------------

carefield: MINDFREE, 看得出来你花了很多功夫，包括写这篇感想。你总结的一丁点其实都需要相当大的工夫，比如“现在发现其实ETS的脉落还是很清晰的，但是需要大家在学习过程中不断地去问自己为什么，不断地总结，做到ETS一翘尾巴你就知道它要出什么题。”这绝非一朝一夕的功力，我希望我能达到这个境界，就是不知道如何能达到如此绝境？题量一大，就容易被题给淹没。

很想请教一个问题，有关阅读做笔记和速度的两难困境，因为我一停下来做笔记，阅读的思路就会打断，不做笔记，遇到细节题，就发昏，那么请问你是如何对付的呢？先谢了。

Mindfree: Carefield, 我明白你的意思. 我所说的是做题要达到的一个目标,也是为什么要思考以及从哪个角度思考.

关于阅读的速度, 我的办法就是：1. 阅读时着重于结构，对作者论证的思路，以及态度的把握，对细节我认为无须记忆，要对关键词有印象，因为细节都是用于支持论证的，把握了文章的结构对locate细节也很有帮助。还有我提到过，一篇文章就3-5个题，一般情况主题题或态度至少有一个，细节不是全都有用。所以处理细节的方法就是对关键词，细节的位置和作用有印象，看到问题时回原文找答案；2. 阅读的时间要保障, 就要从CR和SC挤时间. 我在给anchoret的留言中提到要合理运用排除法处理SC和CR题目. 这也是我在实考中Verbal提前10分钟完成的原因,虽然我也遇到了90行的阅读；3. 关于做笔记我没有经验，我阅读的重点在于active thinking，无论是CR、SC还是RC，每读完一部分要对其含义和作用有认识。我对记忆不是很看重。

希望以上对你有帮助。

-------------------
pigpig1106: 准备gmat 也有一阵子了，我的阅读我真不知问题出在哪，做gmat历年真题时，每次每次都错一半。其实我自认阅读能力不错 结果却都超乎我想象的，我用的方法是详读，每次做完我都会去好好的看完全文，把意思和结构搞懂。

之前有人说不需要去了解文章全部意思，是真的吗？我是不是浪费太多时间在搞懂文章句意上了呢，是否只要懂7.8成，加强技巧才是呢？麻烦大家了。

Mindfree: "之前有人说不需要去了解文章全部意思"

First of all, do you really think it is necessary to know everything about the passage for GMAT? I do not think so. I might read a CPA prep article word by word. However, this is a test, which means that you do not have to hang over the details at all.

In my reading, I will have a list of things I will be looking for: conclusion, argument, supporting premises, structure, reasoning, and last and least important, details. To me, as I said before, RC is just a stretched CR, without more details and extra layers of argument. So get the essence of the article first, and it will help you understand faster and better. To achieve that, you need to think while reading. Not think over the details though, but what is the conclusion, what is the argument leading to, what is the reasoning, structure, is this the author affirmative, etc.

Change your habit.

--------------

rachelywq: [求助]各位觉得阅读技巧有多大的作用？看xdf的辅导班的阅读笔记上面列举一大堆得出题点和阅读技巧，可是我真的不知道那些dd会有用吗？如果有用的话，那应该怎么用呢?我总觉得自己做题的时候就是一口气把文章读完然后再看题目，不知道各位有是怎样的呢？去研究出题点有用吗？或者说去看og里文章题目答案的特点有用吗？

Mindfree: I did not take any course in reading. I learn from my own experience. I started by reading the article carefully and try to remember everything. I found it not the right approach for me. Then I read the article and get the big picture, like what the article is about and what each passage is for. It works perfectly for me. I do not know if there is any other short-cut.

--------------

gu946: 大牛告诉我，GRE阅读没必要做2遍。我把GRE阅读做了2遍，自己感觉速度有提高。可是答案都知道了，这样做有没有意义？反复做已经做过的阅读有没有意义？

Mindfree: 我认为你不要迷信别人的方法，各人的情况有所不同，要根据自己的实力来计划。我认为阅读做两遍对于有些人绝对是有好处，我在刚开始复习阅读时有的科技文章把握的不好，过于注重细节和陌生词汇，忽略了结构和文章的中心。 掌握了方法后我把题目又读了一遍，感觉文章的结构变得很清晰，答案也跃然纸上。只要有助于提高就是对的。

一粒黄豆。

看完大神的帖子，我发现自己的一个错误，我以为active reading是读完一句就想一想这句话的含义，作用。但是大神说是边读边想的，而且也不需要按句子来划分。 比如读到一个“有两种alternate explanation”，心里就明白接下来会有两种解释，要理解每种解释的重点，区别，相似之处。 每种解释可能会有实验等等来支持，就记住实验大概关于什么，位置在哪里就可以。不用高清每个细节，因为做题的时候遇到细节题还是要回去定位重读的！

一粒黄豆。

另外CR我经过自己的实践还是要强调一点， conclusion非常重要，也就是argument的目的到底是什么。比如一个plan，前面说了一大堆这啊那的，最重要的是这个plan的目的是什么，然后就很容易判断选项到底有挂无关。 比如plan的目的是关于 profit的， 选项提到环保之类的，果断排除。

GMAT这个考试本身就是在考察一个人的商科思维。什么是商科思维？ 在一堆solution中选择最优，focus on purpose，无关的选择out。 在一堆数据中找到最重要的，跟purpose最相关的， 细节可以忽略，更重要的是big picture。 虽然忽略细节有时会有代价，但是商业世界就是这样，compromise，你不可能赢得一切，永远选择总效用最大的那个方案！

一粒黄豆。

刚才我带着active reading的核心思想去做了prep2012的rc 013， 标注着这篇是hard level哦！
然后用了2分10几秒读完。 因为读的速度快，读完的时候对全文结构和核心思想还是记忆犹新！！ 哇擦太神奇了！ 我终于知道之前为什么读的那么认真还是搞不清了，因为读太慢了，读了后面的就忘了前面的 因小失大！
文章讲了人类学家认为某部落很stable， p2讲了三个原因，1elite阶层 2location isolation 3tradition/cutural 然后举了三个例子。例子我直接没读。跳到最后一句话发现还是个细节例子。 全文over

然后做题，你猜怎么着，虽然题目标着 hard， medium 我坐起来感觉就是so easy！！！因为文章太清晰了，题目毫无难度！ 错误选项对我来说错的简直太离谱了。

然后这篇就全对了 内牛满面啊！！！直到现在才明白，读的时间长不等于读的好啊！ cr也有这个感觉，一旦速度太慢，遇到长一点的句子，读完后半句 连前半句都不记得了。。。更别提全文了。。

所以说，速度是必要的！ 速度保证你能联系起看到的内容，快速建立逻辑关系。 就好像你花太多时间对一个人表达爱，人家未必鸟你，你花的时间短一点，若即若离，人家没准就爱上你了呢！！

oh mindfree大神我爱死你了！！！

一粒黄豆。

下午开始看sc。。看了以前的错题集，基本上以前错的现在还做错 有点慌张= =。。。

一粒黄豆。

---From Ron tips

How to Study SC :
for EVERY SC problem,
* you should be able to go through the CORRECT sentence -- including the non-underlined part -- and justify
EVERY construction in that sentence.
e.g.
-- if there's a modifier, you should be able to explain exactly what it modifies, and exactly why that modification
makes sense.
-- if there's a pronoun, you should be able to explain exactly what it stands for, and exactly why that makes sense.
-- if there's a verb, you should be able to find its subject. you should also be able to justify the tense in which the
verb is used, and/or the tense sequence of multiple verbs.
-- you should be able to explain the exact meaning of the sentence.
-- if there are parallel structures, you should be able to explain (a) the grammatical parallelism AND (b) the
parallelism in meaning.
etc.

一粒黄豆。

做了一套GWD 21 verbal练手。
sc错3 cr错2 rc错2. 只有一道是看错，其他都是阅读水平限制，题目难，能力有限。 pretty satisfied with the result~
keep going！

一粒黄豆。

看jj简直看飞起来！！！ 阅读接近50篇了，数学260多道，逻辑还有100+

大家真的很给力啊！！！

这次心态还挺好的，一战特zuo，老怕什么寂静反噬。。反噬你大头鬼，人寂静理你吗？自己记性不好就承认呗
二战真的验证了no zuo，no die， 呵呵 让你不看寂静，你就250刀打水漂吧 250刀啊！你能海淘一堆护肤品一堆衣服鞋子好吗
三战我很珍惜寂静，都是大家的心血，大家的爱，大家智慧的结晶。 阅读我会狠狠看个3遍的！ 输血，我会一道不漏地坐一边，错题再多做两遍！ 逻辑，虽然我真的来不及看了，但是我还是会努力看师太的讨论稿的！
寂静没碰到的题，我会靠平时的努力全部杀掉杀掉！！ 这次好有安全感哦！ 这么多寂静怎么可能考不好呢

一粒黄豆。

把看prep正确句子的心得又整理了一遍

•        Help do sth.
•        Lie-lay-lain 存在，躺 the problem lie inxxx
•        So adj. as to be adj(so as to +condition)
•        Theory, find,thesis的内容都用一般现在时
•        Take credit for…因xxx得到好评
•        Expect sb. to do sth./ expect that sb. do sth.
•        Rise升起，raise种养
•        Announce sth. to sb.
•        Announce a decision
•        Announce (that)
•        Not only, but also表并列；(not) but表转折
•        Claim that
•        Claim to do
•        Bother doing
•        Bother to do
•        Unqualified=unlimited/unqualifying=达不到标准的
•        be able to do
•        be capable of doing
•        have ability to do ； ability of sb. to do
•        have capability to do doing ； capability of sb. to do doing
•        be likely to do sth. 倾向于做某事
•        which贴近修饰，ving可跳跃修饰
•        注意that，which是否限定。Xxx that。。表达的是某一个的属性；xxxwhich表达的也是某一个的属性；xxx，which。。。表达的是所有对象的属性
•        prohibit sth；prohibit from doing；prohibit sb from doing
•        just as A do， so/as B do  （as后面可以加完整句子）
•        like A， B do
•        just as A do， so too do B（倒装）
•        the first to do sth。
•        allow that
•        allow sth to be done/allow sb to do
•        虚拟条件句：but for N， S would/should/could。。。
•        =if it were not for N，S would/should/could。。。
•        =were it not for N，S would/should/could。。。
•        =without N，S would/should/could。。。
•        =若不是N，S应该
•        If it were to do=if it did 表虚拟语气
•        Like后面只能接N。 不能接句子，介词
•        Which/that都不能指代人
•        A is to B what C is to D
•        Date to xxx ago
•        Date at xxx old
•        Xxx are known to be 类似appear，对于现在的人来说，都用一般现在时
•        Be subject to， subject是adj
•        So。。。that单纯表达结果
•        。。。so that表目的
•        主系表结构，+v-ing    修饰的是前面整个句子
•        Be critical of 不满
•        As。。。 一面。。一面。。/随着
•        Conceive sth as sth/conceive sth
•        A’ B还是会出现的，不要用来做绝对性排除
•        Media是medium的复数形式
•        同位语的单复数可以与其解释对象不一致
•        At least as adj as 大于等于
•        Fewer than one quarter as many as 小于等于1/4  不要看到more than和as as一起出现就认为错
•        Despite+N
•        Pronounce sb sth
•        Pronounce sth adj
•        Amount修饰不可数，其他还有quantity，less，little，much
•        可数的有number，fewer，few，many
•        Research不可数
•        Economical 经济实惠的
•        More/less的修饰对象要清晰 eg。More fuel-efficient car 不清晰
•        ；前后必须是完整句子
•        The lastxxx 至今的，通常搭配 has/have been
•        Last 过去的，用过去式
•        With the result that（独立主格从句）=因此，结果是
•        So+clause，that+clause也是正确的
•       
•        注意比较对象是否可比：than后面有时补出代词往往会造成错误，要确认指代无误
•        Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than in any previous election.
•       
•        Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture to 1950.  More than对比时，Grew对应did，如果是have/had也要对应，还有were/are等等
•        Caused by A ，B or C 区别于caused by A，B and C
•        View sth as sth/adj
•        Cause sb to do sth
•        Require sb to do sth
•        Require sth（ to be done）
•        N. is required (of sb./sth.) to do sth.    某物对某人做某事来说是必须的
•        Require (of sb.) that + 原v        需要某人做某事  
•        One 可以指代一类中的一个，但是it只能指代具体对象：Caribou are wary animals with excellent hearing, so to stalk them over the treeless landscape and get close enough to kill one with nothing but a handheld lance, as Dorset people did, required exceptional hunting skill.
•        Up until是错误的
•        Influence with sb 对xxx的影响力
•        There be巨型不能跟comma+ving
•        Namely是副词，不能直接加句子：The other change, namely the increase in electronic equipment, has slowed down.
•        One group of people seems to be forgotten, namely pensioners.
•        On the next trip, I solved part of the problem, but after discussing the situation with AB on the phone an alternative solution was at hand; namely, that from 1987 onwards I would spend my winters playing for Queensland.
•        Twice as many apples；twice as much water；twice the increase/the number
•        Law to do 形容法律的目的，law doing是法律的内容