逻辑大全12-2，householder一题求解释

liwen0625

2.        Consumer income reports produced by the government distinguish between households and families by means of the following definition: “A family is a household containing a householder and at least one person related to the householder.” Except for the homeless and people in group living quarters, most people live in households.

According to the definition above, which of the following must be true?

(A) All householders are members of families.

(B) All families include a householder.

(C) All of the people related to a householder form a family.

(D) Some people residing in group living quarters are members of families.（B）

(E) Some homeless people reside in group living quarters.

这一题我所理解的意思是： a family=a household=a householder + at least one person related to the householder.那么a householder是a family的子集啊，子集里的所有元素都属于大集合啊，所以A对的。但是B仔细想想也没有错，怎么排除A选B呢？

olivia瓜瓜

亲我觉得这里的family 不等于household ，原文是family is a household containing balabala ，意味着是containing（ 做定语修饰」了的）扒拉扒拉的才是family ，那么 family 应该是all household （即这个containing 修饰的一部分和其它的部分一起的）的一个子集。

这里B all family 都有householder 是这样的，既然一个family 是包含有（ householder +其它人的）一个 household 那么family中必然有householder！
A选项：既然family 是household的子集那么第一个就推不出来咯！
在线么？

liwen0625

olivia瓜瓜 发表于 2013-9-10 20:22
亲我觉得这里的family 不等于household ，原文是family is a household containing balabala ，意味着是con ...

我理解成family是household,然后containing作定语修饰household，所以我的子集才会弄反。

olivia瓜瓜

liwen0625 发表于 2013-9-10 20:32
我理解成family是household,然后containing作定语修饰household，所以我的子集才会弄反。 ...

一个人很容易纠结半天的，勤讨论〜〜〜^_^

liwen0625

olivia瓜瓜 发表于 2013-9-10 20:35
一个人很容易纠结半天的，勤讨论〜〜〜^_^

Mua...认识你真高兴

olivia瓜瓜

liwen0625 发表于 2013-9-10 20:41
Mua...认识你真高兴

加qq 噢！

olivia瓜瓜

根据上面的例子，限定性表示“我们top学生中的某一类如何”，非限定性表示“我们top学生如何”插入语只是用来描述top学生，不会缩小其范围（至少是包含whose score fell below 50这样的学生）

1. the Atacama Desert, some three miles up the coast and almost two miles inland from its initial anchorage
非限制性：补充说明AD的情况，可以理解为AD这个整体的一部分是如何的。
2. the Atacama Desert some three miles up the coast and almost two miles inland from its initial anchorage
限制性：    说明AD整体是如何的。
举个例子：1. 这艘船停靠在AD的一个位置，这个位置是some three miles up the coast and almost two miles inland from its initial anchorage. 非限制性
                   2. AD这个沙漠本来就是some three miles up the coast and almost two miles inland from its initial anchorage. 限制性
注意：这里的its是指代原句中的“船”，不要理解成沙漠了




亲，关于昨天讨论的这个ing的修饰问题，如果关于这种你分不太清楚 修饰的到底是什么的可以看看昨天一个同学跟我讨论的限定性与非限定性修饰的区别，这个很清楚的话那么以后你就不会理解不清晰了，可以轻易理解这个修饰对象！我今天豁然开朗，以后再也不用担心限定性非限定性的修饰了！

liwen0625

olivia瓜瓜 发表于 2013-9-11 13:22
根据上面的例子，限定性表示“我们top学生中的某一类如何”，非限定性表示“我们top学生如何”插入语只是用 ...

哈哈 这个可以不用限定性非限定性想的那么复杂 我这一部分的理解没错： a family=a household=a householder + at least one person related to the householder，family包含两个条件，缺一不可。而A选项说All householders are members of families，不对是因为既要有householder又要有 at least one person related to the householder才能称之为family.所以A就错了。

另外那个 A IS B这种主系表的机构就是A与B的关系是等同的，后面一个Ving做限制性定语修饰B，那么也就修饰了A.

我理解你说的限制性和非限制性的关系，你的意思是说非限制性的定语在句中可看可不看，不会影响修饰的那个名词；而限制性的定语一定要看清楚，它影响限定修饰的名词。是吧  谢谢你啊。

skyemotion

Except for the homeless and people in group living quarters, most people live in households.
排除了A是正确选项啊。

olivia瓜瓜

liwen0625 发表于 2013-9-11 14:07
哈哈 这个可以不用限定性非限定性想的那么复杂 我这一部分的理解没错： a family=a household=a househol ...

我还是认为family不等于household 。A is B ving ，这里的ving是定语修饰的B 而不是A，表示限定了有ving的B 才是A ，所以我理解A不等于B ，A 是B 的子集。
  你说的修饰前面的全部主表结构。逗号+ving 可以修饰前面表语结构的主语或整个句子（其实修饰就是修饰的主语）。是这种语法！我以前我也看了非重要修饰与重要修饰的manhattan上讲解但昨天一个小伙伴分析了一下，我觉得我确实以前忽略了这个问题，因为prep 08
sc 2： 167题D选项，讲了这个逗号加不加的修饰改变了逻辑意思！
给你上个例子：

还有关于D选项的prep语法笔记给的解释，不太明白那个some之前无逗号后变成限定性修饰如何改变其逻辑意思 ...


限制性修饰和非限制性修饰的区别，最主要就是看“逗号”是否存在。去掉“逗号”则是非限制性修饰。至于其意思的变化，在manhattan上面的解释：
an "essential" modifier (which is NOT set off by commas) is a modifier that actually narrows or specifies the noun/action to which it's attached.
for instance:
our top student whose score fell below 50 received a consolation prize.
--> this doesn't refer to the top student among all of our students; this only refers to the top student among those whose scores fell below 50 points. therefore, we need the essential modifier (no commas) to narrow "our students" to "students whose score fell below 50".

a "nonessential" modifier (which IS set off by commas) is a modifier that does not narrow or specify the nouns/action to any greater degree than does the rest of the sentence; it merely provides more information about that noun/action.
for instance:
our top student, whose score fell below 50, received a consolation prize.
--> here, we are actually talking about our top student. the meaning of the sentence is that all of our students' scores were below 50, but at least our top student received a consolation prize.
不知道我是不是有点太钻牛角尖了！