天山-3-5

fujiannan

up.

I think the answer E is wrong.   In this passage, the author only tell us such spaces belonged to the community as a whole, but not sure they were used by the community as a whole.

However, they might be used by leaders or some individuals.

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-3-25 4:54:01编辑过]

juningw

以下是引用windweed在2005-1-7 6:47:00的发言：

我选E, 不然这套题我又多错一个了.

MM的这个决定标准非常有道理。我也支持E，否则也多错一个了。。。希望ETS来个民主集中。。。

juningw

呵呵。这题应该是E。选B的nn是想得太多了。

无论如何，俺们也不能把ETS想得太坏了，是不？

leisure1221

答案应该是d，b，c，感觉这篇文章真的很难对付，考试时如果第一篇就是这中文章可就有点麻烦了，这篇文章定位非常容易，因为题目已经给了，但答案确很难选，ets出的选项非常狡猾，这篇文章很短，句子间的逻辑关系却不是太容易掌握，而且一定要每一句都仔细读才能体会作者要表达的意思，看来遇到短文章是决不能取舍的，一定要仔细读，理解文章的脉络结构，和句子的逻辑关系以及作者要表达的意图，特别是一些情态动词的使用，如may，对理解这篇文章很重要

mmx1122

eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

littlewoman

同问。第4题为何是E，我觉得很明显是D啊。D直接反对了证据

难道没有人发问吗？

携隐

第4题我觉得很明显是D。E的quality根本和推理无关。

第5题我很困惑。原来一眼就觉得是E，现在觉得E确实有点问题：belongs to同一个community是可以的，但是used by a community as a whole？不一定啊，文章一直在说最终权利还是落入少数人手里啊。倒是B，虽然around不等于就serve了，但题目问的是probablly么……

到底应该选哪个，大家继续讨论～

而今迈步从头越

Q5:

line 14: That formal management of food resources was needed is suggested by the large size of storage spaces located (15) around some communal Great Kivas (underground ceremonial chambers).

How to rule out D? Pls read the following sentences carefully: Though no direct evidence exists that such spaces were used to store food, Western Pueblo communities lacking (20) sufficient arable land to support their populations could have preserved the necessary extra food, including imported foodstuffs, in such apparently communal spaces.

It only says WP can’t to provide enough food themselves, but doesn’t mention the amount of imported food or the proportion of imported food. So we can’t get what mention in choice D.

How to rule out choice E? The passage never says that spaces belonged to and were used by the community as a whole. But the passage clearly states that “an elite whose control over labor, the use of community sur-(35)pluses, and the acquisition of imported goods would have led to a concentration of economic resources in their own hands.” Obviously, food and store space are economic resources.

Why probably in Q? Because that formal management of food resources was needed is suggested….and also the passage presents such words” Though no direct evidence exists that such spaces were used to store food…” So B is not a confirmation, but a guess by researchers.

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-6-6 16:40:02编辑过]

wangyu73cn

意译一下：

In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, many Western Pueblo settlements in what is now the southwestern United States may have possessed distinctly hierarchical organizational structures.
在14、15世纪，Pueblo定居者有等级制度。

These communities’ agricultural systems— which were “intensive” in the use of labor rather than “extensive” in area— may have given rise to political leadership that managed both labor and food resources.
其农业体系带来对劳务和食品进行管理的政治领导体制。

That for­mal management of food resources was needed is suggested by the large size of storage spaces located around some communal Great Kivas (underground ceremonial chambers).
大型的储藏室表明了对食物资源管理的需求。

Though no direct evidence exists that  such spaces were used to store food, Western Pueblo communities lacking sufficient arable land to support their populations could have preserved the necessary extra food, including imported foodstuffs, in such appar­ently communal spaces.
尽管没有直接证据表明这些空间是用来储存粮食的，但缺乏耕地可能使得他们需要存储粮食，包括进口粮食。

Moreover, evidence of special­ization in producing raw materials and in manufacturing ceramics and textiles indicates differentiation of labor within and between communities.
而且，有证据表明了劳动分工。

The organizational and managerial demands of such specialization strengthen the possibility that a decision-making elite existed, an elite whose control overlabor, the use of community surpluses, and the acquisition of imported goods would have led to a concen­tration of economic resources in their own hands.
组织和管理需要这种专业化。

Evidence for differential distribution of wealth is found in burials of the period:  some include large quantities of pottery, jewelry, and other artifacts, whereas others from the same sites lack any such materials.
埋葬品的数量显示了财富的不均分布。

对于Q5:
According to the passage, which of the following is probably true of the storage spaces mentioned in line 14?

A. They were used by the community elite for storage of their own food supplies.
这里的“社会精英”可能正确，因为食物统一管理起来由政治等级中的上层进行控制。但只储存他们自己的食物就违反了文章中关于精英来控制全社会范围内食物的意思（a decision-making elite existed, an elite whose control overlabor, the use of community surpluses, and the acquisition of imported goods would have led to a concen­tration of economic resources in their own hands.）

B.   They served a ceremonial as well as a practical function.
文中有the large size of storage spaces located around some communal ...underground ceremonial chambers.  这种两用的可能性是存在的。

C.  Their size is an indication of the wealth of the particular community to which they belonged.
这在文中没有依据，而且文章中说是由于他们缺乏土地，才可能会有大型的储藏空间，所以这些空间并不能表明这个社会的富足。 而由于缺乏足够的可耕地来供养所有人口，这个社会可能是贫穷的。

D. Their existence proves that the community to which they belonged imported large amounts of food.
他们只是可能进口部分粮食，大量的粮食可能是自己生产的。

E. They belonged to and were used by the community as a whole.
他们的存在表明少数精英占有资源。部分人口缺乏资源。因此造成社会贫富不均。

综上，选B吧。虽然我好像曾经选了E。上述供参考。这道题虽然是具体到细节，但和全文的意思比较密切。全文的意思就是说，在这些缺乏可耕地的社会中，财富集中在少数精英手中了，他们将本不充裕的粮食集中起来增加了自己的财富，造成贫富分化。