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23. Termite u termite在underground建立nest的事情。地下的nest结构复杂,互相连通,为什么会这样呢?有两个观点。 观点1:为了保持constant tempature. 观点2: 为了使nest 的 atmosphere 更加适宜,比如氧气,湿度,还为了可以抑制its food competitor 的生长。 u 第一段,说非洲的一个动物(忘了什么了),在地下挖洞作自己的窝,但地上还有一个内部结构复杂的土堆。一个人解释说,这是为了排出热气,洞内温度。第二段,有人反对,说是洞里的温度是不变得。这个土堆主要是为了将新鲜空气带进来,使得洞内的环境,包括空气组成、湿度等等都利于动物的生存。还有一个重要的是,这些空气有助于洞内的fungus菌的生长,那种动物就是靠这个菌生活的。740 Wiki背景资料补充:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termite Termites build neststo house their colonies. Nests are commonly located in larger timber or in thesoil in locations such as growing trees, inside fallen trees, underground, andin above-ground mounds which they construct, commonly called"anthills" in Africa and Australia , despite the technicalincorrectness of that name. Mounds occur when the nest grows beyond itsinitially concealing surface. In tropical savannas the mounds may be verylarge, with an extreme of 9 metres (30 ft)high in the case of large conical mounds constructed by some Macrotermesspecies in well-wooded areas in Africa,[3].Two to three metres, however, would be typical for the largest mounds in most savannas.The shape ranges from somewhat amorphous domes or cones usually covered ingrass and/or woody shrubs, to sculptured hard earth mounds, or a mixture of thetwo. Despite the irregular mound shapes, the different species in an area canusually be identified by simply looking at the mounds. The sculpturedmounds sometimes have elaborate and distinctive forms, such as those of thecompass termite (Amitermes meridionalis & A. laurensis) which build tallwedge-shaped mounds with the long axis oriented approximately north-south. Thisorientation has been experimentally shown to help in thermoregulation. The column of hotair rising in the above ground mounds helps drive air circulation currentsinside the subterranean network. The structure of these mounds can be quitecomplex. The temperature control is essential for those species that cultivatefungal gardens and even for those that don't, much effort and energy is spentmaintaining the brood within a narrow temperature range, often only plus orminus one degree C over a day. In some parts of theAfrican savanna, a high density of above-ground mounds dominates the landscape.For instance, in some parts of the Busanga Plain area of Zambia, small moundsof about 1 m diameter with adensity of about 100 per hectare can be seen on grassland between larger tree-and bush-covered mounds about 25 m in diameter with a density around 1 per hectare, and both show up well onhigh-resolution satellite images taken in the wet season.
53、白蚁穴 V1:by sirenfish (8.25 23:30) p1: 说非洲termite mound有个特别的结构包括一个chimney和若干tunnels,一专家假设说(有题)这个结构是用来给undergroundnest保温的。 p2: 但是又发现chambers的temperature control能力不足,于是又有专家提出了another explanation,说breeze啥的,让inside atmosphere可以mixed with outside air tokeep certain humidity, ...(有题)。但这样atmosphere也利于competitor——fungus的存活,if allowed to grow,xxxx。 问题: 专家假设啥? 还有一题是推论,if the mound is sealed,会怎么样? 背景知识 (8.27 13:45) 白蚁穴,太傻上有类似的介绍,希望可以帮到一点 termite在underground建立nest的事情。地下的nest结构复杂,互相连通,为什么会这样呢?有两个观点。 观点1:为了保持constant tempature. 观点2: 为了使 nest 的 atmosphere 更加适宜,比如氧气,湿度,还为了可以抑制 its food competitor 的生长。 第一段,说非洲的一个动物(忘了什么了),在地下挖洞作自己的窝,但地上还有一个内部结构复杂的土堆。一个人解释说,这是为了排出热气,洞内温度。第二段,有人反对,说是洞里的温度是不变得。这个土堆主要是为了将新鲜空气带进来,使得洞内的环境,包括空气组成、湿度等等都利于动物的生存。还有一个重要的是,这些空气有助于洞内的fungus菌的生长,那种动物就是靠这个菌生活的。 V2: by deanej(9.2更新) termite mound白蚁穴 内容和JJ的差不多 p1:termite mound有个特别的结构包括一个chimney和若干tunnels,tunnels是可以干嘛干嘛的(有题)一专家假设:这个结构是用于keep constant tempreture. p2: 但是又有专家发现白蚁穴的temperature control能力不足,于是提出了anotherexplanation,让inside atmosphere可以mixed with outsideair to keep certain humidity, ...(有题)。这样的结构也利于fungus的存活(这种菌落是有好处的) 问题: tunnle是干嘛的?(定位第一段那句话) 主旨题(我选的提供对于白蚁穴的空气流动问题的2个解释) 第二段作用?(我选的提供另一个view) V3:by方陈敏 M50 V31 (9.3更新) 白蚁穴那个有个选项是说土地的温度不变的,貌似因此影响到穴的温度,而不是第一段说的那个tunnel原因导致的。 V4:byiliaxcy(9.4更新) 讲非洲白蚁,说原来一个叫L的人说蚁穴上面的mound的功能是保持穴内常温,蚁群新成代谢产生的热,从mound tunnel里面被带出去,再从外面进cool air来控温。第二段说,但是后来发现地下的温度本来就不太变,所以mound的控温功能就重复了,然后人们就觉得,可能mound是用来管humidity, oxygen跟CO2的。它还影响了下面一种真菌的生长,那种真菌会对白蚁的食物进行预消化,并且比别的真菌在这种穴里长得好。第一题问这个作者写这文是干嘛,第二题说如果tunnel被关起来了,会导致什么,第三题问那个L觉得tunnel是用来干嘛的(用来排新成代谢产生的热气)。 V5:bycicelywangv42,770(9.16更新) 白蚁mound那道。 (1)tunnel可以干嘛。 (2)根据文中观点,tunnel封起来会怎样。我选的humidity会change 其他失忆 V6:byjony2002956720 V38 (9.17更新) 有个问题不是很确定,问第一段里的学者认为蚁穴的channel的作用 选项:1 和mound一样作用 保持恒温 2 为了把热的气体排出和冷空气交换,我选的后者。
白蚁 V1. By williammba
讲白蚁nest的一些通道(tunnal?),这些通道可以交换巢穴与外界的空气,从而调节巢穴的humidity,氧气、还有温度什么的(这里有一道except题,就是问哪一个不能通过这些通道调节),只记得这点细节,整体结构没印象了 V2 By hechaoo 蚂蚁筑巢,注意这个机经不是蚂蚁分工啊 P1,有个人说蚂蚁筑巢穴,是为了把温度降低 P2,有人说不是这样啊,是为了使得空气进来养有一种蚂蚁的食物和真菌。有一道题问到了这个。 |
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