求解2道CR题目，GWD地5套上的，谢谢帮忙

MissDove

A significant number of complex repair jobs carried out by Ace Repairs have to be reworked under the company’s warranty.The reworked jobs are invariably satisfactory.When initial repairs are inadequate, therefore, it is not because the mechanics lack competence; rather, there is clearly a level of focused concentration that complex repairs require that is elicited more reliably by rework jobs than by first-time jobs.



The argument above assumes which of the following?



A.！There is no systematic difference in membership between the group of mechanics who do first-time jobs and the group of those who do rework jobs.

B.There is no company that successfully competes with Ace Repairs for complex repair jobs.

C.Ace Repairs’ warranty is good on first-time jobs but does not cover rework jobs.

D.Ace Repairs does not in any way penalize mechanics who have worked on complex repair jobs that later had to be reworked.

E.There is no category of repair jobs in which Ace Repairs invariably carries out first-time jobs satisfactorily.

Of patients over 65 years old who survived coronary bypass surgery—a procedure widely prescribed for people with heart disease—only 75 percent benefited from the surgery.Thus it appears that for one in four such patients, the doctors who advised them to undergo this surgery, with its attendant risks and expense, were more interested in an opportunity to practice their skills and in their fee than in helping the patient.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?（为什么不选D？）

A.Many of the patients who receive coronary bypass surgery are less than 55 years old.

B.Possible benefits of coronary bypass surgery include both relief from troubling symptoms and prolongation of life.

C.Most of the patients in the survey decided to undergo coronary bypass surgery because they were advised that the surgery would reduce their risk of future heart attacks.

D.The patients over 65 years old who did not benefit from the coronary bypass surgery were as fully informed as those who did benefit from the surgery as to the risks of the surgery prior to undergoing it.

E.The patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery but who did not benefit from it were medically indistinguishable, prior to their surgery, from the patients who did benefit.

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Of patients over 65 years old who survived coronary bypass surgery—a procedure widely prescribed for people with heart disease—only 75 percent benefited from the surgery.Thus it appears that for one in four such patients, the doctors who advised them to undergo this surgery, with its attendant risks and expense, were more interested in an opportunity to practice their skills and in their fee than in helping the patient.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?（为什么不选D？）

A.Many of the patients who receive coronary bypass surgery are less than 55 years old.

B.Possible benefits of coronary bypass surgery include both relief from troubling symptoms and prolongation of life.

C.Most of the patients in the survey decided to undergo coronary bypass surgery because they were advised that the surgery would reduce their risk of future heart attacks.

D.The patients over 65 years old who did not benefit from the coronary bypass surgery were as fully informed as those who did benefit from the surgery as to the risks of the surgery prior to undergoing it.

E.The patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery but who did not benefit from it were medically indistinguishable, prior to their surgery, from the patients who did benefit.

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haowang0116

Of patients over 65 years old who survived coronary bypass surgery—a procedure widely prescribed for people with heart disease—only 75 percent benefited from the surgery.Thus it appears that for one in four such patients, the doctors who advised them to undergo this surgery, with its attendant risks and expense, were more interested in an opportunity to practice their skills and in their fee than in helping the patient. 这一题，最后的结论关注于医生是否是为了锻炼技术或者获取费用而做手术。 对我而言，选项D对我而言是无关选项。事实上，选项D中试图fix题干中的background information，而这种信息是无法起到削弱作用的。即使你认为D中fully informed会影响最终结论，但是请注意D能够对结论进行削弱是要建立在许多assumption上面的。 相比而言，选项E直接对结论的内容进行了攻击。

haowang0116

A significant number of complex repair jobs carried out by Ace Repairs have to be reworked under the company’s warranty.The reworked jobs are invariably satisfactory.When initial repairs are inadequate, therefore, it is not because the mechanics lack competence; rather, there is clearly a level of focused concentration that complex repairs require that is elicited more reliably by rework jobs than by first-time jobs.
答案应该是A There is no systematic difference in membership between the group of mechanics who do first-time jobs and the group of those who do rework jobs. 假设题一般还是比较简单的。你只需要考虑 There is NOT NECESSARY  no systematic difference in membership between the group of mechanics who do first-time jobs and the group of those who do rework jobs. 或者 There COULD BE SOME systematic difference in membership between the group of mechanics who do first-time jobs and the group of those who do rework jobs. 对结论是否造成致命的影响即可判断是否为假设。

sally77589

第一题我也一般般，第二题我是这样理解的。如果医生事先知道哪些人手术会成功哪些不会，他一样可以在手术前fully inform risks of the surgery prior to undergoing it.因为每个人做手术都有风险。但是如果在手术之前医生无法确定手术效果也无法知道哪些人会成功，就不存在故意让不会成功的人去做手术了~

MissDove

哦，我明白了。因为doctors 不知道那些会医治好，哪些医不好，所以每件case都会尽全力，但是结果听天命。恩恩，想明白了，谢谢。

MissDove

恩恩，现在想明白了。还有技工那道题，argument是 第二次加工总是 比第一次加工令人满意，不是因为技工的技术的问题，而是由于第二次加工的工作难度比第一次大。所以如果第一次第二次技工的人员没有变动，也就是第一次第二次是同一拨人就加强结论了。