The cost of flood damage since 1980 has been greater in areas that have adopted flood-control measures than in those that have not. Thus, flood-control projects are expensive engineering mistakes and a substantial waste of resources.
Which of the following, if true, would be most damaging to the argument above? (A)Those areas that had not suffered flood damage before 1980 are the only ones that have not adopted flood-control measures (B)Since 1980, those areas that have taken flood-control measures have suffered greater flood damage than they did in the previous decade (C)The cost of flood damage has increased every year since 1980 (D)Faulty engineering has not been the only cause of the failure of flood-control projects (E)The amount of rainfall since 1980 has been substantially greater than normal
The cost of flood damage since 1980 has been greater in areas that have adopted flood-control measures than in those that have not. Thus, flood-control projects are expensive engineering mistakes and a substantial waste of resources.
Which of the following, if true, would be most damaging to the argument above? (A)Those areas that had not suffered flood damage before 1980 are the only ones that have not adopted flood-control measures (B)Since 1980, those areas that have taken flood-control measures have suffered greater flood damage than they did in the previous decade (C)The cost of flood damage has increased every year since 1980 (D)Faulty engineering has not been the only cause of the failure of flood-control projects (E)The amount of rainfall since 1980 has been substantially greater than normal
The cost of flood damage since 1980 has been greater in areas that have adopted flood-control measures than in those that have not. Thus, flood-control projects are expensive engineering mistakes and a substantial waste of resources.
Which of the following, if true, would be most damaging to the argument above? (A)Those areas that had not suffered flood damage before 1980 are the only ones that have not adopted flood-control measures (B)Since 1980, those areas that have taken flood-control measures have suffered greater flood damage than they did in the previous decade (C)The cost of flood damage has increased every year since 1980 (D)Faulty engineering has not been the only cause of the failure of flood-control projects (E)The amount of rainfall since 1980 has been substantially greater than normal
A 保证控制对象没有任何变化,即没有修防洪措施的地方80年后还没修。这样其他比较条件都没有变化的话,cost 增加不是因为修建防洪措施引起的,而是有其他因素,例如通货膨胀,原材料涨价,人工费增加,保险费上涨 etc。
B. 提出新证据加强了原文假设:钱又花多了。
首先看问题most damaging to the argument above,其实就是要求削弱原文结论,原文推倒结构:实施flood-control地方比没有实施的地方花钱多->flood-control 是不必要;这个推倒成立有一个很大的前提就是所有的地方都可以不用实施flood-control。
The only reason that the argument basing on is that
The cost of flood damage since 1980 has been greater in areas that have adopted flood-control measures than in those that have not.
Any rebuttal to the argument, in points of ETS, needs to, and only needs to, effectively undermine the reason above. Only A, does this in a convincing way. This is the so-called critical reasoning.