O(∩_∩)O og12 rc 127题 ，求nn路过拔刀相助~~

bob9603

line   Jon Clark’s study of the effect of the
        modernization of a telephone exchange on exchange
        maintenance work and workers is a solid
        contribution to a debate that encompasses two
5       lively issues in the history and sociology of
        technology: technological determinism and social
        constructivism.
        Clark makes the point that the characteristics of a
        technology have a decisive infl uence on job skills
10     and work organization. Put more strongly,
        technology can be a primary determinant of social
        and managerial organization. Clark believes this
         possibility has been obscured by the recent
        sociological fashion, exemplifi ed by Braverman’s
15      analysis, that emphasizes the way machinery
        refl ects social choices. For Braverman, the shape of
        a technological system is subordinate to the
        manager’s desire to wrest control of the labor
        process from the workers. Technological change is
20      construed as the outcome of negotiations among
        interested parties who seek to incorporate their own
        interests into the design and confi guration of the
        machinery. This position represents the new
        mainstream called social constructivism.
25          The constructivists gain acceptance by
        misrepresenting technological determinism:
        technological determinists are supposed to believe,
       for example, that machinery imposes appropriate
       forms of order on society. The alternative to
30     constructivism, in other words, is to view technology
       as existing outside society, capable of directly
       infl uencing skills and work organization.
       Clark refutes the extremes of the constructivists
        by both theoretical and empirical arguments.
35        Theoretically he defi nes “technology” in terms of
       relationships between social and technical variables.
        Attempts to reduce the meaning of technology to
       cold, hard metal are bound to fail, for machinery is
       just scrap unless it is organized functionally and
40        supported by appropriate systems of operation and
      maintenance. At the empirical level Clark shows how
     a change at the telephone exchange from  
     maintenance-intensive electromechanical switches
       to semielectronic switching systems altered work
45          tasks, skills, training opportunities, administration,
         and organization of workers. Some changes Clark
         attributes to the particular way management and
         labor unions negotiated the introduction of the
         technology, whereas others are seen as arising from
50          the capabilities and nature of the technology itself.
        Thus Clark helps answer the question: “When is
        social choice decisive and when are the concrete
        characteristics of technology more important?”


就是这篇啦~~~~(>_<)~~~~ ，og12 ，rc的127题，小菜不是很明白

Which of the following statements about Clark’s study
of the telephone exchange can be inferred from
information in the passage?

(A) Clark’s reason for undertaking the study was to
undermine Braverman’s analysis of the function
of technology.
(B) Clark’s study suggests that the implementation
of technology should be discussed in the context
of confl ict between labor and management.

(C) Clark examined the impact of changes in the
technology of switching at the exchange in
terms of overall operations and organization.

(D) Clark concluded that the implementation of new
switching technology was equally benefi cial to
management and labor.
(E) Clark’s analysis of the change in switching
systems applies only narrowly to the situation at
the particular exchange that he studied.

小菜不是很懂为什么选c~~求nn拔刀相助~~~~

bob9603

芝麻来人

bob9603

补充一个版本的答案，可我还是没看出来~~

Line 41-50~~

bob9603

呓语

line   Jon Clark’s study of the effect of the
        modernization of a telephone exchange on exchange
        maintenance work and workers is a solid
        contribution to a debate that encompasses two
5       lively issues in the history and sociology of
        technology: technological determinism and social
        constructivism.（主旨句）
        Clark makes the point that the characteristics of a
        technology have a decisive influence on job skills
10     and work organization. Put more strongly,
        technology can be a primary determinant of social
        and managerial organization. Clark believes this
         possibility has been obscured by the recent
        sociological fashion, exemplified by Braverman’s
15      analysis, that emphasizes the way machinery
        refl ects social choices. For Braverman, the shape of
        a technological system is subordinate to the
        manager’s desire to wrest control of the labor
        process from the workers. Technological change is
20      construed as the outcome of negotiations among
        interested parties who seek to incorporate their own
        interests into the design and confi guration of the
        machinery. This position represents the new
        mainstream called social constructivism.
25          The constructivists gain acceptance by
        misrepresenting technological determinism:
        technological determinists are supposed to believe,
       for example, that machinery imposes appropriate
       forms of order on society. The alternative to
30     constructivism, in other words, is to view technology
       as existing outside society, capable of directly
       infl uencing skills and work organization.
       Clark refutes the extremes of the constructivists
        by both theoretical and empirical arguments.
35        Theoretically he defines “technology” in terms of
       relationships between social and technical variables.
        Attempts to reduce the meaning of technology to
       cold, hard metal are bound to fail, for machinery is
       just scrap unless it is organized functionally and
40       supported by appropriate systems of operation and
      maintenance. At the empirical level Clark shows how
     a change at the telephone exchange from  
     maintenance-intensive electromechanical switches
       to semielectronic switching systems altered work
45          tasks, skills, training opportunities, administration,
         and organization of workers. Some changes Clark
         attributes to the particular way management and
         labor unions negotiated the introduction of the
         technology, whereas others are seen as arising from
50          the capabilities and nature of the technology itself.
        Thus Clark helps answer the question: “When is
        social choice decisive and when are the concrete
        characteristics of technology more important?”


就是这篇啦~~~~(>_<)~~~~ ，og12 ，rc的127题，小菜不是很明白

Which of the following statements about Clark’s study
of the telephone exchange can be inferred from
information in the passage?

(A) Clark’s reason for undertaking the study was to
undermine Braverman’s analysis of the function
of technology.
(B) Clark’s study suggests that the implementation
of technology should be discussed in the context
of confl ict between labor and management.

(C) Clark examined the impact of changes in the
technology of switching at the exchange in
terms of overall operations and organization.

(D) Clark concluded that the implementation of new
switching technology was equally beneficial to
management and labor.
(E) Clark’s analysis of the change in switching
systems applies only narrowly to the situation at
the particular exchange that he studied.

小菜不是很懂为什么选c~~求nn拔刀相助~~~~

-- by 会员 bob9603 (2012/5/3 23:32:56)

注意黄色部分，尤其是红字，可以推出C

个人理解。。

bob9603

line   Jon Clark’s study of the effect of the
        modernization of a telephone exchange on exchange
        maintenance work and workers is a solid
        contribution to a debate that encompasses two
5       lively issues in the history and sociology of
        technology: technological determinism and social
        constructivism.（主旨句）
        Clark makes the point that the characteristics of a
        technology have a decisive influence on job skills
10     and work organization. Put more strongly,
        technology can be a primary determinant of social
        and managerial organization. Clark believes this
         possibility has been obscured by the recent
        sociological fashion, exemplified by Braverman’s
15      analysis, that emphasizes the way machinery
        refl ects social choices. For Braverman, the shape of
        a technological system is subordinate to the
        manager’s desire to wrest control of the labor
        process from the workers. Technological change is
20      construed as the outcome of negotiations among
        interested parties who seek to incorporate their own
        interests into the design and confi guration of the
        machinery. This position represents the new
        mainstream called social constructivism.
25          The constructivists gain acceptance by
        misrepresenting technological determinism:
        technological determinists are supposed to believe,
       for example, that machinery imposes appropriate
       forms of order on society. The alternative to
30     constructivism, in other words, is to view technology
       as existing outside society, capable of directly
       infl uencing skills and work organization.
       Clark refutes the extremes of the constructivists
        by both theoretical and empirical arguments.
35        Theoretically he defines “technology” in terms of
       relationships between social and technical variables.
        Attempts to reduce the meaning of technology to
       cold, hard metal are bound to fail, for machinery is
       just scrap unless it is organized functionally and
40       supported by appropriate systems of operation and
      maintenance. At the empirical level Clark shows how
     a change at the telephone exchange from  
     maintenance-intensive electromechanical switches
       to semielectronic switching systems altered work
45          tasks, skills, training opportunities, administration,
         and organization of workers. Some changes Clark
         attributes to the particular way management and
         labor unions negotiated the introduction of the
         technology, whereas others are seen as arising from
50          the capabilities and nature of the technology itself.
        Thus Clark helps answer the question: “When is
        social choice decisive and when are the concrete
        characteristics of technology more important?”


就是这篇啦~~~~(>_<)~~~~ ，og12 ，rc的127题，小菜不是很明白

Which of the following statements about Clark’s study
of the telephone exchange can be inferred from
information in the passage?

(A) Clark’s reason for undertaking the study was to
undermine Braverman’s analysis of the function
of technology.
(B) Clark’s study suggests that the implementation
of technology should be discussed in the context
of confl ict between labor and management.

(C) Clark examined the impact of changes in the
technology of switching at the exchange in
terms of overall operations and organization.

(D) Clark concluded that the implementation of new
switching technology was equally beneficial to
management and labor.
(E) Clark’s analysis of the change in switching
systems applies only narrowly to the situation at
the particular exchange that he studied.

小菜不是很懂为什么选c~~求nn拔刀相助~~~~

-- by 会员 bob9603 (2012/5/3 23:32:56)

注意黄色部分，尤其是红字，可以推出C

个人理解。。

-- by 会员 呓语 (2012/5/4 21:11:58)

ok~~~~~~明白啦，O(∩_∩)O哈哈~谢谢小猫~

wonder123

Some changes Clark attributes to the particular way management and labor unions negotiated the introduction of the technology...

请问上边这句话里Clark把一些changes归因于the way management and labor unions negotiated,那the introduction of the technology做谁的修饰成分呢？请G友们帮忙指点一下，我很困惑。。。

miffyhui

123. The information in the passage suggests that which of
the following statements from hypothetical
sociological studies of change in industry most clearly
exemplifi es the social constructivists’ version of
technological determinism?

(A) It is the available technology that determines    
workers’ skills, rather than workers’ skills                  
infl uencing the application of technology.
(B) All progress in industrial technology grows out
of a continuing negotiation between
technological possibility and human need.
(C) Some organizational change is caused by
people; some is caused by computer chips.
(D) Most major technological advances in industry
have been generated through research and
development.
(E) Some industrial technology eliminates jobs, but
educated workers can create whole new skills
areas by the adaptation of the technology.

The alternative to constructivism, in other words, is to view technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization.----定位
A项不怎么明白，怎么来的，rather than后面那部分

jay871750293

wonder123 发表于 2012-6-30 19:18
Some changes Clark attributes to the particular way management and labor unions negotiated the intro ...

Some changes Clark attributes to the particular way that management and labor unions negotiated the introduction of the technology
加上一个that应该就好理解这个句子的结构了，that之前是主句，that之后是定语从句修饰way

jay871750293

miffyhui 发表于 2012-8-2 14:33
123. The information in the passage suggests that which ofthe following statements from hypothetical ...

我是定位在L30-32，"capable of directly influencing skills and work organization", 即技术可以影响工人的技能，而非工人的技能影响技术的应用，即如A选项