蜗牛的目标也是终点（强烈推荐4-5页wangyu73cn NN RC,CR之指导方略)

flowerrainn

对了，那位XDJM能贴一下这篇的题目给我吗？对来对去，怎么就发现我有的这篇的题目和答案对不上号，我的题目少了两题。

Most large corporations in the United States were once run by individual capitalists who owned enough stock to dominate the board of directors (board of directors: 董事会) and dictate company policy. Because putting such large amounts of stock on the market would only depress its value, they could not sell out (sell out: v.卖完, 出卖, 背叛) for a quick profit and instead had to concentrate on improving the long-term productivity of their companies. Today, with few exceptions, the stock of large United States corporations is held by large institutions—pension funds, for example—and because these institutions are prohibited by antitrust laws from owning a majority of a company’s stock and from actively influencing a company’s decision-making, they can enhance their wealth only by buying and selling stock in anticipation of fluctuations in its value. A minority shareholder is necessarily a short term trader. As a result, United States productivity is unlikely to improve unless shareholders and the managers of the companies in which they invest are encouraged to enhance long-term productivity (and hence long-term profitability), rather than simply to maximize short-term profits.

Since the return of the old-style capitalist is unlikely, today’s short-term traders must be remade into tomorrow’s long-term capitalistic investors. The legal limits that now prevent financial institutions from acquiring a dominant shareholding position in a corporation should be removed, and such institutions (省略了SHOULD BE) encouraged to take a more active role in the operations of the companies in which they invest. In addition, any institution that holds twenty percent or more of a company’s stock should be forced to give the public one day’s notice of the intent to sell those shares. Unless the announced sale could be explained to the public on grounds other than anticipated future losses, the value of the stock would plummet and, like the old-time capitalists, major investors could cut their losses only by helping to restore their companies’ productivity. Such measures would force financial institutions to become capitalists whose success depends not on trading shares at the propitious moment, but on increasing the productivity of the companies in which they invest.

1.     In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with doing which of the following?

(A) Comparing two different approaches to a problem

(B) Describing a problem and proposing a solution

(C) Defending an established method

(D) Presenting data and drawing conclusions from the data（B）

(E) Comparing two different analyses of a current situation

2.     It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true of majority shareholders in a corporation?

(A) They make the corporation’s operational management decisions.

(B) They are not allowed to own more than fifty percent of the corporation’s stock.

(C) They cannot make quick profits by selling their stock in the corporation.

(D) They are more interested in profits than in productivity.（D）

(E) They cannot sell any of their stock in the corporation without giving the public advance notice.

3.     According to the passage, the purpose of the requirement suggested in lines 30-33 would be which of the following?

(A) To encourage institutional stockholders to sell stock that they believe will decrease in value

(B) To discourage institutional stockholders from intervening in the operation of a company whose stock they own

(C) To discourage short-term profit-taking by institutional stockholders

(D) To encourage a company’s employees to take an active role in the ownership of stock in the company（C）

(E) To encourage investors to diversify their stock holdings

4.     Which of the following best explains the author’s statement that “A minority shareholder is necessarily a short-term trader” (lines 15-16)?

(A) The only way a minority shareholder can make money from stocks is to buy and sell stocks as prices fluctuate over short periods of time.

(B) Only a shareholder who owns a majority of a company’s stock can influence the trading price of the stock over a long period of time.

(C) A minority shareholder is prohibited by law from buying stock and holding it for long-term profits.

(D) Large institutions like pension funds cannot legally own a majority of any corporation’s stock.（A）

(E) A minority shareholder rarely takes an interest in the decisions of a corporation’s board of directors.

5.     The author suggests that which of the following is a true statement about people who typify the “old style capitalist” referred to in line 23?

(A) They now rely on outdated management techniques.

(B) They seldom engaged in short-term trading of the stock they owned.

(C) They did not influence the investment policies of the corporations in which they invested.

(D) They now play a much smaller role in the stock market as a result of antitrust legislation.（B）

(E) They were primarily concerned with maximizing the short-term profitability of the corporations in which they owned stock.

lifelover

精彩！受益！谢谢！

古镯

对了，那位XDJM能贴一下这篇的题目给我吗？对来对去，怎么就发现我有的这篇的题目和答案对不上号，我的题目少了两题。

花雨mm，我的大全的题目一样和你的一样都是5题

flowerrainn

以下是引用古镯在2004-10-15 2:25:00的发言：

。

花雨mm，我的大全的题目一样和你的一样都是5题

古镯MM，谢谢阿。我下载了这儿的OG 阅读，发现到了这篇文章题目没有，且下一篇的文章没有开头。我便下载了大全找到这篇文章，可惜题目只有5题，和OG阅读答案中的7题不对应。那就丢了这两题吧。

flowerrainn

昨日内容：

     OG RC   20(6-2  12'),21(6-1   12'),22(6-4    12')   最懊恼就是22，其实这篇文章也不长，单词也不难，不知怎么搞的就是没理解意思，搞得MAIN IDEA 的题都错了。

      XDF CR   SECTION 11    35'   20-2

      XDF   SC    SECTION 21      22-8     真是无话可说，昨日又是空欢喜，怎么SC就是上不来呢，做题做题，做题太少！！！

       OG SC 10题,CR 5题

想到一问，考试中的阅读通常是3题左右吗？是不是主要是main idear  , structure 的题?

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-10-15 23:15:15编辑过]

古镯

那就丢了这两题吧。

不用丢，我找到了

88. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with doing which of the following?

(A) Comparing two different approaches to a problem

(B) Describing a problem and proposing a solution

(C) Defending an established method

(D) Presenting data and drawing conclusions from the data

(E) Comparing two different analyses of a current situation

This question asks you to determine the main task that the passage is designed to accomplish.

·       The best answer is B. The passage identifies a problem (shareholder’ and manager’ failure to enhance companies’ long-term productivity) in the first paragraph, most pointedly in the last sentence of that paragraph. In the second paragraph, the author recommends certain actions as a means of solving that problem.

·       Choice A is not correct. The author of the passage identifies a problem in the first paragraph, but the author does not compare two different approaches to that problem. Rather, in the second paragraph, the author proposes a single, unified approach to solving the problem.

·       Choice C is incorrect. The author does not defend an established method of institutional shareholding in the United States and recommends a different method in the second paragraph.

·       Choice D is also incorrect. The author describes a situation in the first paragraph but does not provide data or draw any conclusions from data.

·       Choice E is not the correct answer. The author does not compare alternative analyses of the current situation discussed in the passage.

89. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true of majority shareholders in a corporation?

(A) They make the corporation's operational management decisions.

(B) They are not allowed to own more than fifty percent of the corporation's stock.

(C) They cannot make quick profits by selling their stock in the corporation.

(D) They are more interested in profits than in productivity.

(E) They cannot sell any of their stock in the corporation without giving the public advance notic.

This question asks you to decide what the passage implies, rather than states directly, about

majority shareholders in a corporation.

·       The best answer is C. According to lines 4-8 of the passage, those individual capitalists who were once majority shareholders in a corporation would not be able to make a quick profit by selling a large amount of stock because such a sale would depress the stock’s value. It can be inferred from the passage that this would be true of any majority shareholders.

·       Choice A is not the correct answer. The passage suggests, in lines 11-13, that majority shareholders can actively influence a company’s decision-making, but it does not suggest that this influence is equal to the absolute authority suggested by the language of this answer choice. The passage also does not discuss the “operational management decisions” of corporations.

·       Choice B is not correct. The passage does not specify what percent of a corporation’s stock any one shareholder is allowed to own.

·       Choice D is not the correct answer. The author does not imply that majority shareholders are more interested in profits than in productivity. In fact, the author argues the opposite, stating that majority shareholders such as the old-style capitalists concentrated more on long-term productivity than on quick profits.

·       Choice E is also incorrect. In lines 30-33, the author proposes that shareholders of more than 20 percent of a company’s stock should be required to give advance public notice before a stock sale, but the passage does not suggest that majority shareholders are currently required to do so.

90. According to the passage, the purpose of the requirement suggested in lines 30-33 would be which of the following?

(A) To encourage institutional stockholders to sell stock that they believe will decrease in value

(B) To discourage institutional stockholders from intervening in the operation of a company whose stock they own

(C) To discourage short-term profit-taking by institutional stockholders

(D) To encourage a company's employees to take an active role in the ownership of stock in the company

(E) To encourage investors to diversify their stock holdings

This question asks you to identify the stated purpose of the author’s suggestion in lines 30-33, namely, that any institution holding 20 percent or more of a corporation’s stock be required to give the public one day’s notice of the intent to sell that stock.

·       The best answer is C. The purpose of the requirement that institutions holding 20 percent or more of a company’s stock be required to give advance public notice of the sale of that stock is stated in lines 38-42: to prevent insititutions from “trading shares at the propitious moment” and to encourage them to concentrate on increasing a company’s productivity.

·       Choice A is incorrect. The suggested requirement that an institution give advance notice of its intent to sell a significant amount of stock tends to discourage institutional stockholders from selling stock they believe will decrease in value since, according to the passage, such an announcement would cause the stock’s value to plummet (lines 33-36).

·       Choice B is also incorrect.In lines 28-30, the author argues that insititutional stockholders should be “encouraged to take a more active role in the operations of the companies in which they invest.” The advance notice requirement discussed in lines 30-33 is proposed by the author as a means of fostering, not discouraging, institutional stockholders’ participation in the operation of the companies they invest in.

·       Choice D is not the correct answer. The passage does not discuss ownership of company stock by that company’s employees.

·       Choice E is also incorrect. The passage states only that institutions should be allowed to acquire “a dominant shareholding position in a corporation,” but it does not discuss whether investors should diversity their stock holdings by investing in different companies.

91. The author suggests that which of the following is a true statement about people who typify the “old style capitalist" referred to in line 23?

(A) They now rely on outdated management techniques.

(B) They seldom engaged in short-term trading of the stock they owned.

(C) They did not influence the investment policies of the corporations in which they invested.

(D) They now play a much smaller role in the stock market as a result of antitrust legislation.

(E) They were primarily concerned with maximizing the short-term profitability of the corporations in which they owned stock.

To answer this question, you must use information contained in the passage to infer something

about the “old-style capitalist” referred to in line 23.

·       The best answer is B. According to lines 1-7 of the passage, the individual capitalists of the past, referred to later in the passage as “old-style” capitalists (line 23), could not “sell out for a quick profit” because to do so would depress the value of their stocks. From this statement it can be inferred that someone who typifies the “old-style capitalist” would be unlikely to engage in short-term stock trading.

·       Choice A is incorrect. A comparison between the old-style capitalists and their modern counterparts is made in lines 36-38, but the passage does not express an opinion about whether or not the management techniques used by these capitalists are outdated.

·       Choice C is not the correct answer. The passage does not discuss the investment policies of the corporations in which financial institutions invest.

·       Choice D is also incorrect. According to the passage (lines 1-2; line 23), the old-style capitalists were individual investors, not large institutions. While the passage stats that large institutions are affected by anti-trust legislation (lines 8-12), it says nothing about whether this legislation affects individual investors. In addition, the passage does not mention anything about how great a role individual investors now play in the stock market.

·       Choice E is also incorrect. The passage states that the old-style capitalists focused on long-term productivity (lines 5-8), and hence not on short-term profitability.

92. It can be inferred that the author makes which of the following assumptions about the businesses once controlled by individual capitalists?

(A) These businesses were less profitable than are businesses today.

(B) Improving long-term productivity led to increased profits.

(C) Each business had only a few stockholders.

(D) There was no short-term trading in the stock of these businesses.

(E) Institutions owned no stock in these companies.

This question asks you to infer, from information stated in the passage, what the author assumes

about the companies once controlled by individual capitalists.

·       The best answer is B. In liens 5-8, the author asserts that individual capitalists “had to concentrate on improving the long-term productivity of their companies.” Then, in lines 20-21, the author identifies improved long-term profitability as a consequence of improved long-term productivity. From this it can be inferred that the author assumes that if the businesses controlled by individual capitalists had improved long-term productivity, they would also have become more profitable.

·       Choice A is not correct. The author does not make any direct comparison between the profitability of past and present corporations.

·       Choice C is not the correct answer. The first sentence of the passage states that most large corporations were once dominated by individual capitalists who owned large portions of the companies’ stock, but the passage does not specify whether many or few people owned the remainder of each company’s stock.

·       Choice D is incorrect. In lines 4-6, the passage states that the individual capitalists who once dominated large corporations “could not sell out for a quick profits,” but the passage does not indicate whether or not the other shareholders of these corporations were involved in short-term trading of their stock.

·       Choice E is not correct. The passage does not suggest that intuitions owned no stock in most large corporations, only that individual capitalist owned enough stock to dominate these corporations.

93. The author suggests that the role of large institutions as stockholders differs from that of the “old-style capitalist” in part because large institutions

(A) invest in the stock of so many companies that they cannot focus attention on the affairs of any single corporation

(B) are prohibited by law from owning a majority of a corporation’s stock

(C) are influenced by brokers who advise against long-term ownership of stocks

(D) are able to put large amounts of stock on the market without depressing the stock’s value

(E) are attracted to the stocks of corporations that demonstrate long-term gains in productivity

This question asks you to infer, from information stated in the passage, a way in which the role of

large institutions as stockholders differs from that of the “old-style capitalist.”

·       The best answer is B. According to the passage, the old-style capitalists were able to play a dominant role in the corporations in which they held stock because they owned enough stock to do so (lines 1-4). The passage also states that large institutions are legally barred from owning a majority of a company’s stock (lines 8-12). From this it can be inferred that large institutions, because their ability to own stock is limited, do not play as dominant a role in the corporations of which they are stockholders as did the old-style capitalists.

·       Choice A is not correct. The passage does not indicate whether large institutions invest in many companies, few companies, or even just a single company.

·       Choice C is not the correct answer. The passage does not mention brokers or any other parties who might influence the investment choices made by large institutions.

·       Choice D is incorrect. In lines 33-36 of the passage, the author notes that an institution’ sale of a large amount of stock would, in fact, decrease the stock’s value.

·       Choice E is not the correct answer. The passage does not suggest any reason why large institutions are attracted to the stock of any particular corporations.

94. The primary function of the second paragraph of the passage is to

(A) identify problems

(B) warn of consequence

(C) explain effects

(D) evaluate solutions

(E) recommend actions

This question asks you to determine the main purpose served by the second paragraph of the

passage in the context of the passage as a whole.

·       The best answer is E. The second paragraph is devoted to the author’s recommendations of certain actions, namely, the adoption of new regulations concerning the holding and selling of stock by institutional investors.

·       Choice A is not the correct answer. The author of the passage identifies a problem-short-term trading done by institutional shareholders-but does so in the first paragraph, not in the second.

·       Choice B is incorrect. In the second paragraph, the author recommends new regulations regarding shareholding by institutions. Although in lines 38-42 the author mentions some consequences of the suggested regulations, the author clearly views these consequences as desirable.

·       Choice C is not correct. The second paragraph contains suggestions about new ways to regulate shareholding by institutions. Although the author asserts that certain effects would result from the proposed regulations, these effects are not explained.

Choice D is not correct. The second paragraph proposes measures to solve the problem presented in the first paragraph, but it simply describes, rather than evaluate, these proposed solutions.

wangyu73cn

我正要指出花雨的题目不仅少了题，而且题目还不一样呢，发现古鐲已经贴出来了。

古鐲从哪里找到的，可否告链接。

谢谢。

flowerrainn

哇，真是谢谢，古镯，这都让你找到了。 我已经抄下来，做过了。

真是奇怪，怎么大全的这篇题还会不一样呢？

WANGYU73CN NN ，你的指导还不断有人受益回复呢。

flowerrainn

这几天，依旧是三篇阅读，一套语法，一套逻辑，一天

阅读的感觉似乎在明了，对文章的逻辑结构更容易把握，最近做题是错0-3不等 。可偏就昨天，出现了第31篇8题错了6题的现象，我突然觉得很茫然，也很害怕，这是为什么呢？就算是这样的坚持下去，在考试时要是做一篇这样结果的阅读，那别的文章掌握的作用又有多大呢？  不过我会好好比较这篇和前些天的那篇23，为什么这两篇我都错了这么多，是不是他们代表了我阅读中的某个薄弱的知识点呢？

wangyu73cn

花雨，你好啊！

你好像还没有把OG上的48套阅读做了三遍吧，因为做三遍以上时，应该连答案都快记住了，不会出这么多错。

其实，我觉得，三遍之内时，多错一些题没关系。我当时也是错很多题，而且控制不了正确率，忽高忽低。对于错题，建议最好再仔细研究研究，关键看自己和ETS有哪些差异之处，当然比较之后，应尽量以ETS为准。

另外，我觉得，你目前的进度还是满快的。如果能够好好消化你这一天所遇到的内容，那就不简单了。