【每日逻辑练习第三季】【1-2】

corneliaflower

很高兴迎来小分队第三季  
有什么不对的地方truf指出一下  大家加油  看到好多新面孔真开心
继续weaken

【bible】
Beverage company representative: The plastic rings
that hold six-packs of beverage cans together
pose a threat to wild animals, which often
become entangled in the discarded rings and
suffocate as a result. Following our lead, all
beverage companies will soon use only those
rings consisting of a new plastic that
disintegrates after only three days’ exposure to
sunlight. Once we all complete the switchover
from the old to the new plastic rings, therefore,
the threat of suffocation that plastic rings pose
to wild animals will be eliminated.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the representative’s argument?
(A) The switchover to the new plastic rings will
take at least two more years to complete.
(B) After the beverage companies have switched
over to the new plastic rings, a substantial
number of the old plastic rings will persist
in most aquatic and woodland environments.
(C) The new plastic rings are slightly less
expensive than the old rings.
(D) The new plastic rings rarely disintegrate
during shipping of beverage six-packs
because most trucks that transport canned
beverages protect their cargo from sunlight.
(E) The new plastic rings disintegrate into
substances that are harmful to aquatic
animals when ingested in substantial
quantities by them.

【prep】
At present the Hollywood Restaurant has only standard-height tables.  However, many customers come to watch the celebrities who frequent the Hollywood, and they would prefer tall tables with stools because such seating would afford a better view of the celebrities.  Moreover, diners seated on stools typically do not stay as long as diners seated at standard-height tables.  Therefore, if the Hollywood replaced some of its seating with high tables and stools, its profits would increase.
The argument is vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it gives reason to believe that it is likely that
(A) some celebrities come to the Hollywood to be seen, and so might choose to sit at the tall tables if they were available
(B) the price of meals ordered by celebrities dining at the Hollywood compensates for the longer time, if any, they spend lingering over their meals
(C) a customer of the Hollywood who would choose to sit at a tall table would be an exception to the generalization about lingering
(D) a restaurant's customers who spend less time at their meals typically order less expensive meals than those who remain at their meals longer
(E) with enough tall tables to accommodate all the Hollywood's customers interested in such seating, there would be no view except of other tall tables

Herbicides allow cereal crops to be grown very efficiently, with virtually no competition from weeds.  In Britain, partridge populations have been steadily decreasing since herbicide use became widespread.  Some environmentalists claim that these birds, which live in and around cereal crop fields, are being poisoned by the herbicides.  However, tests show no more than trace quantities of herbicides in partridges on herbicide-treated land.  Therefore, something other than herbicide use must be responsible for the population decrease.
Which of the following, if true about Britain, most seriously weakens the argument?
(A) The elimination of certain weeds from cereal crop fields has reduced the population of the small insects that live on those weeds and that form a major part of partridge chicks' diet.
(B) Since partridges are valued as game birds, records of their population are more carefully kept than those for many other birds.
(C) Some of the weeds that are eliminated from cereal crop fields by herbicides are much smaller than the crop plants themselves and would have no negative effect on crop yield if they were allowed to grow.
(D) Birds other than partridges that live in or around cereal crop fields have also been suffering population declines.
(E) The toxins contained in herbicides typically used on cereal crops can be readily identified in the tissues of animals that have ingested them.

Traveler:  Southern Airways has a far worse safety record than Air Dacentaria over the past few years, in terms of both the frequency of accidents and the severity of accidents.  Therefore, although Air Dacentaria is slightly more expensive, I will choose it over Southern Airways for my flight from Pederton to Dacenta, since it is worth paying extra to have a safer flight.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the traveler's argument?
(A) Air Dacentaria's flight from Pederton to Dacenta is nonstop, whereas Southern Airways' flight touches down in Gorinda on the way.
(B) Most Southern Airways flights, but not its flight from Pederton to Dacenta, use Sarmouth airport, which because of its mountainous location is one of the world's most dangerous.
(C) For its flights from Pederton to Dacenta, Southern Airways uses a different model of airplane, with a smaller capacity, than the model Air Dacentaria uses for its flights on the same route.
(D) Only in the last few years has the cost of flying from Pederton to Dacenta been more expensive on Air Dacentaria than on Southern Airways.
(E) Although the frequency of accidents is greater on Southern Airways, on both airlines the proportion of flights that have accidents is very small.

Offshore oil-drilling operations entail an unavoidable risk of an oil spill, but importing oil on tankers presently entails an even greater such risk per barrel of oil.  Therefore, if we are to reduce the risk of an oil spill without curtailing our use of oil, we must invest more in offshore operations and import less oil on tankers.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A) Tankers can easily be redesigned so that their use entails less risk of an oil spill.
(B) Oil spills caused by tankers have generally been more serious than those caused by offshore operations.
(C) The impact of offshore operations on the environment can be controlled by careful management.
(D) Offshore operations usually damage the ocean floor, but tankers rarely cause such damage.
(E) Importing oil on tankers is currently less expensive than drilling for it offshore.

The imposition of quotas limiting imported steel will not help the big American steel mills.  In fact, the quotas will help "mini-mills" flourish in the United States.  Those small domestic mills will take more business from the big American steel mills than would have been taken by the foreign steel mills in the absence of quotas.
Which of the following, if true, would cast the most serious doubt on the claim made in the last sentence above?

(A) Quality rather than price is a major factor in determining the type of steel to be used for a particular application.
(B) Foreign steel mills have long produced grades of steel comparable in quality to the steel produced by the big American mills.
(C) American quotas on imported goods have often induced other countries to impose similar quotas on American goods.
(D) Domestic "mini-mills" consistently produce better grades of steel than do the big American mills.
(E) Domestic "mini-mills" produce low-volume, specialized types of steel that are not produced by the big American steel mills.

corneliaflower

bible解释
The conclusion of this argument is the final sentence, which contains the
conclusion indicator “therefore,” and the conclusion contains a qualification that
the threat of suffocation will be eliminated after the switchover is complete. The
premises supporting this conclusion are that the new plastic rings will be used
by all companies and that the rings disintegrate after three days’ exposure to
sunlight. Personalize this argument and ask yourself—are there any holes in this
argument? Yes, there are several. The most obvious is, “What if an animal
becomes entangled in the new rings before they can disintegrate?” In this
question, however, that avenue of attack is not used (this was a two-question
stimuli and that idea was used in the other question) but there is no way to
know this prior to attempting the question.
Answer choice (A): This answer does not hurt the argument because the author
qualified the conclusion to account for the date of the switchover, thereby
inoculating against this avenue of attack. From a personalizing standpoint,
imagine what would happen if you raised this issue to the beverage company
representative—he or she would simply say, “Yes, that may be the case, but I
noted in my conclusion that the program would be effective once the switchover
is complete.” This is an attractive answer because it raises a point that would be
a difficult public relations issue to address. Regardless, this does not hurt the
argument given by the beverage company representative, and that is the task at
hand.
Answer choice (B): This is the correct answer. Most people select answer
choice (E), but as you will see, (E) is incorrect. This answer undermines the
representative’s conclusion by showing that even after the switchover is
complete, the threat to animals from plastic rings will persist. Note the carefully
worded nature of the conclusion—the representative does not say the threat
from new plastic rings will be eliminated, but rather the threat from plastic rings,
which includes both old and new rings.
Answer choice (C): This out-of-scope answer addresses an issue that is
irrelevant to the representative’s argument.
Answer choice (D): While this is nice information from a customer service
standpoint (you do not want your six-pack of beer falling apart as you walk out
of the store), this answer does not affect the conclusion because it does not
address the threat of suffocation to animals.
Answer choice (E): This is the most commonly chosen answer, and it is a
perfect example of a Shell Game. In this case, the answer preys upon test takers
who fail to heed Primary Objective #4: “Read closely and know precisely what
the author said. Do not generalize!” Many test takers read the conclusion and
think, “So when they start using these new rings, it will make things better for
the animals.” When these test takers get to answer choice (E), the answer looks
extremely attractive because it indicates that the implementation of the new
rings will also have a harmful effect. With this thinking in mind, many test
takers select answer choice (E) thinking it undermines the conclusion and they
are certain they have nailed the question. However, the conclusion is
specifically about suffocation, and answer choice (E) does not address
suffocation. Instead, answer choice (E) is a shell game that attacks a conclusion
that is similar but different than the actual conclusion. Remember, one of the
rules for weakening arguments is to focus on the conclusion, and knowing the
details of the conclusion is part of that focus.
Finally, the placement of answer choice (E) is no accident. Most students do not
immediately identify answer choice (B) as the correct answer, and even those
that keep it as a Contender often feel it could be stronger. Then, just when
things are starting to look bleak, answer choice (E) pops up sounding fairly
reasonable. Most people breathe a sigh of relief and select the answer without
carefully examining the contents. Never choose answer choice (E) just because
the first four answers are not overly attractive! Always make a thorough
analysis of every answer choice and remember that the test makers know that
people get nervous if none of the first four answer choices jump out at them. Do
not let the test takers draw you into a trap!

qiuhua01234567

抢个沙发

蓝若痕

占个楼~~prep又正好是我今天做的~~

alexqz327

想问下选项后面为何有"（理由）"，这个是否可以去掉呢？

daisyの小夢想

想问下选项后面为何有"（理由）"，这个是否可以去掉呢？

-- by 会员 alexqz327 (2012/2/23 0:00:21)

噢 我也发现了 谢谢alex 我看看能不能去掉。

daisyの小夢想

【答案】
BCABAE

我用白色字体隐藏了~~
花儿大放送今天发了6题哈哈~~

corneliaflower

daisy。。。我发现我下的那个weaken的版本  不知道答案在哪  
找半天没找到

daisyの小夢想

daisy。。。我发现我下的那个weaken的版本  不知道答案在哪  
找半天没找到

-- by 会员 corneliaflower (2012/2/23 11:22:47)

是啊 truf的那个版本没有答案>.< 只能在原来的破解版找回答案。是PREP07 CR2

corneliaflower

噢噢  好的  我下次找找
对了  花儿要出门一趟  周日才能回来  这几天轮到我发帖先请个假哈  sorry