The first trenches (cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, )have yielded strong evidence {that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arose (simultaneously with but independently of )the more celebrated city-states of southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq.}
主干:The trenches have yielded evidence that societies arose [simultaneously with (city-states) but independently of] city-states. (社会)和那些著名的美索不达米亚南部的城邦同时但独立地兴起,也就是在现在伊拉克南部。
我觉得前面一个NN的话很对,首先这种复杂的并列句的情况下,代入好像是最好的方法,即...societies arose simutaneously with the city-states but ...societies arose independently of the city-states.我觉得这个解释对我最有帮助。