总结一下第五章，看以前做好的笔记，不用笔抄下来不踏实，现在做个小总结 Chapters 5 ronoun 1.pronoun A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun 注意 The first question you must ask yourself is this -----what is the antecedent of this pronoun? Once you have found the antecedent,you must make sure that it makes sense,that it is the only possible antecedent and that it agrees in number with the pronoun 2.the antecedent must Exit the first task is to find the antecedent in the sentence watch out for nouns used as adj.They cannot be the antecedents of pronouns.The antecedents to which you want to refer must actually exist in the sentence and be functioning as a noun Wrong:The park rangers discussed measures to prevent severe wildfires,which would be devastating to it Park is acting as an adjective in the phrase park rangers one way to fix this sentence is to eliminate the pronoun,replacing it with the noun you want to refer Right:The rangers discussed measures to prevent wildfires,which would be devastaing to the park 3.The antecedent and pronoun must make sense together 4.the antecedent must be unambiguous每个代词只能有一个指代对象 5.The antecedent must agree in Number 6.代词有主格，宾格，所有格三种。主格代词可以做句子主语，宾格代词可以使动词宾语或者介词宾语，所有格代词表示所有权或者一个相似关系 （1) 代词在主语位置上，通常被认为指代与其平行的句子主语 a pronoun in subject position in one clasuse may ofen be presumed to refer to the subject of a parallerl clause (2)在所有格结构中的名词一般不作为指代对象 nouns in the possessive case are ofen poor antecedents The possesssive posion rules states that possessive nouns can serve as antecedents only to possessive pronouns not to subject or object However,you should avoid the possibility of ambiguity by taking the possesing noun out of the possessive case 7.五个常错的代词it ,its they them,their 8.指示代词this ,that ,these ,those (1)that 和those 指的是和前文出现的某个事物一样的另一个事物，it和them 是指的就是前文出现的事物 (2)that or those indicating a new copy or copies must be modified.In other words ,you have to add a description to indicate how the new copy is different from the previous version (3)that 和those的指代必须和指代对象单复数一致，如果不一致，必须重复指代对象而不能使用that和those (4)don not use this or thses in place of nouns.Alse,don't use that or those in place of nouns.Use it ,they,or them instead This/these,that/those在句子中不能裸奔，必须用作this/that/those/these+N的结构才能做代词使用，而这个名词是体现先行词性质的词（新东方老师讲的一点） Notes: 1.除非很明显，this/these不能单独指代，要补出后面的名词 2.they指代前面出现的对象，these指代离它最近的对象，指代要符合逻辑，主谓一致的原则 3.当they前出现两个以上主谓符合对象时就视其为指代不清，而these前出现两个以上主谓符合对象时可以就近指代，比they更加 4.that、those用于比较结构中避免重复和单独指代要区分开
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发表于 2012-1-18 22:16:12
ronoun