【每日逻辑练习第二季【2-3】

南瓜0729

不知道nana是哪个选项不明白 嘿 直接google吧 解析很详细

winghyy

精炼题
54s-strengthen EXCEPT
A population are declining in numbers. The ozone layer has been depleted and the ozone blocks UVB. Because A lacks hair, hide or feathers to shield UVB. So the primary cause of the declining amphibian population
is the depletion of the ozone layer.
选D  【正确答案A】
(A) Of the various types of radiation blocked by atmospheric ozone, UV-B is the only type that can damage genes.  
——strengthen [结论涉及的两个元素是 the ozone depletion和the amphibian population decline，与UVB无关]
(B) Amphibian populations are declining far more rapidly than are the populations of
nonamphibian species whose tissues and eggs have more natural protection from UV-B.  ————strengthen
(C) Atmospheric ozone has been significantly depleted above all the areas of the world in
which amphibian populations are declining. ——strengthen
(D) The natural habitat of amphibians has not become smaller over the past century. ——irrelevant
(E) Amphibian populations have declined continuously for the last 50 years.——strengthen


Answer choice (A): This is the correct answer. The answer fails to shed any
light—positive or negative—on the connection between the ozone depletion
and the amphibian population decline. Because the argument is concerned with
the damage done by UV-B radiation, the fact that UV-B is the only damaging
type of radiation blocked by ozone is irrelevant.

Answer choice (D): This was the answer most frequently chosen by test takers.
This answer choice strengthens the argument by eliminating an alternate cause
for the effect (Type A). Had the natural habitat become smaller over the years
(from say, human encroachment or climatic change) then that shrinkage would
have offered an alternate explanation for the decline in the amphibian
population. By eliminating the possibility of habitat shrinkage, the stated cause
in the argument is strengthened.

风无衣

【精炼2-3】
strengthen X_55s
background information: Amphibian populations are declining and the ozone layer has been continuously depleted throughout the last 50 years.ozone blocks UV-B,which can damage genes.
premise:amphibian popultions lack hide from UV-B and their eggs also lack protection
conclusion:the depletion of ozone layer is the reason for the declining amphibian popution.
(A) Of the various types of radiation blocked by
atmospheric ozone, UV-B is the only type
that can damage genes.
(B) Amphibian populations are declining far more
rapidly than are the populations of
nonamphibian species whose tissues and
eggs have more natural protection from
UV-B.——support
(C) Atmospheric ozone has been significantly
depleted above all the areas of the world in
which amphibian populations are declining.——support
(D) The natural habitat of amphibians has not
become smaller over the past century.
(E) Amphibian populations have declined
continuously for the last 50 years.——support,match the time of ozone depletion.

额~我昨天做了LSAT，刚刚好做到了这道一模一样的题目，昨天做的时候选的A。结果答案说选错了！！！结果今天在这一看，答案选A！！！晕啊！！！~~~~(>_<)~~~~ 到底选什么，这道题目！！！求解啊！！！
好，先看看帖子里面贴的答案~
Answer choice (A): This is the correct answer. The answer fails to shed any
light—positive or negative—on the connection between the ozone depletion
and the amphibian population decline. Because the argument is concerned with
the damage done by UV-B radiation, the fact that UV-B is the only damaging
type of radiation blocked by ozone is irrelevant.
Answer choice (D): This was the answer most frequently chosen by test takers.
This answer choice strengthens the argument by eliminating an alternate cause
for the effect (Type A). Had the natural habitat become smaller over the years
(from say, human encroachment or climatic change) then that shrinkage would
have offered an alternate explanation for the decline in the amphibian
population. By eliminating the possibility of habitat shrinkage, the stated cause
in the argument is strengthened.

好吧~再看看LSAT的答案~
答案：D
思路：原文论述臭氧层的破坏造成UV-B辐射过量是导致两栖动物数量减少的主要原因。
A：支持说明为什么是UV-B而不是其他原因。
B：支持说明为什么UV-B会降低两栖动物的数量。
C：提供空间论据说明臭氧层受损和两栖动物数量减少的相关性。
D：中性评价。不Weaken也不Strengthen.
E：提供时间论据说明臭氧层受损和两栖动物数量减少的相关性。


某NN说的技巧：做EXCEPT题如果答案中出现原文没有的专有名词(地名和人名等)一般就选它。

好吧~看了老半天还是比较支持帖子里面的答案~哎~~~+_+
因为结论是the primary cause of the declining amphibian population is the depletion of the ozone layer.我感觉LSAT给的思路自我延伸了，原结论只说臭氧层的破坏是amphibian人口减少的主要原因，关注的是UV-B带来的damage，是不是唯一的type应该无关~

winghyy

逻辑链
17. 50s-weaken
Many customers come to watch the celebrities, and they would prefer tall tables for a better view of the celebrities.  Moreover, diners seated on stools typically do not stay as long as diners seated at standard-height tables.  Therefore, if the Hollywood replaced some of its seating with high tables and stools, its profits would increase.
Prephase: In order to watch celebirites, they will spend less.
选D

18. The C telecommunication company plans to introduce celluar telephone service to isolate costal areas. This plan requires a big investiment.  The small-scale coffee farming is the only major economic acitivities. The coffee farmers can not offer the charge. Nevertheless, Calex contends that making the service available to these farmers will be profitable.
选A

19. 52s-assumption
Last year, with a record number of new companies starting up and with previously establised companies adding many jobs, a record number of new jobs created last year.
Establised companies will not add as many new jobs this year as last year. Therefore, unless a record number of companies start up this year, it will not break its record for the new jobs created.
选B

20. 53s-bold face
P insurance company cannot afford the payout. Because P cannot reduce the number of car-theft policies it carries, it cannot protect itself against continued large patyout. P has decided to offer a discount to holders of car-theft policies whose cars have antitheft devices. The amount of discount will cover the cost of installation within 2 years. Therefore, because cars with antitheft devices are rarely stolen, P's plan is likely to reduce its annual payout.
Prephase: 1st premise   2st Conculusion
选E

今天错得有点夸张了。。。

zz42050524

2011/12/13 support expect 41s
The population of amphibian is declining. The ozone layer is destroyed either letting ultraviolet radiation run through atmosphere. Because the amphibian lacks hair and shell,
The declining of amphibian is caused by decreasing of ozone layer.
Pre: 1.没有其他原因导致海豚减少
2. 臭氧层未被严重破坏地区减少缓慢
A) Of the various types of radiation blocked by    只是说UV-B是能破坏基因，和结论的的内
atmospheric ozone, UV-B is the only type          无关，这个是答案。
that can damage genes.
(B) Amphibian populations are declining far more   support
rapidly than are the populations of
nonamphibian species whose tissues and
eggs have more natural protection from UV-B.
(C) Atmospheric ozone has been significantly    support
depleted above all the areas of the world in
which amphibian populations are declining.
(D) The natural habitat of amphibians has not    support 排除其他原因
become smaller over the past century.
(E) Amphibian populations have declined     support
continuously for the last 50 years.

ugly5552000

1/Background: amphibian population are declining. The UV-B radiation emitted by the sun is harmful to amphibians. The atmospheric ozone blocks the UV-B radiation. The earth’s ozone layer has been continuously depleted.
Premise: the decline of amphibian populations is due to the depletion of ozone layer.
Prephrase: something has nothing to do with ozone layer.
A
A: shows no connection with the argument
B: the depletion of ozone layer lead more amphibians be radiated by the UV-B
C: the depletion of ozone lay is consistent with the decline of amphibians.
D: pay attention to “over the past century”, means before the ozone layer was depleted, the amphibians did not decline, but now, they decline.
E: strengthen
2/Background: because of the view advantage, many customers prefer tall tables. The Hollywood restaurant has only standard-height tables.
Premise: since diners seated on stools typically stay shorter than diners seated at standard-height tables, the restaurants will earn more profit if they supplant all the standard-height tables with tall tables.
Prephrase: the customers seated on stools often orders much less dishes than those seated at standard-height tables.
C
A: irrelevant
B: irrelevant
C: since customers who sit at the tall tables will not linger, the seated time will be long, and the conclusion cannot stand.
D: expensive meals do not guarantee more revenue.
E: irrelevant
3/Background: a telephone company plans to introduce telephones service into isolated coastal areas of Caladia, but the farmers, the main economic activists in the areas, cannot afford the price of the service.
Premise: nevertheless, the company still believe the service in the areas will be profitable.
Prephrase: the telephone company can set up commercial connects between the farmers and the coffee market, which will increase the farmers’ revenue considerably.
A
A: the telephone company can make the farmers to contact with outside buyers, who will increase the farmers revenue, then the farmers can afford the service
B: cannot explain the company will success in the areas.
C: the farmers may even be unable to pay the fee which is lower than the fixed telephone.
D: irrelevant
E: irrelevant
4/Background: with a record number of new companies setting up in D and with previously established companies adding many jobs, a record number of new jobs were created last year. This years, the jobs provided by the previously established companies are not as many as those in the last year, the jobs creating record cannot be broken.
Premise: unless a record number of companies start up this year, D will not break the record of new jobs created.
Premise: the companies established last year cannot add more new jobs than they did last year.
C
A: since the new jobs from the new companies will increase, the total new jobs may more than last year.
B: this is the information
C: the new companies still has less new jobs to add, the total will be less
D: irrelevant
E: irrelevant
5/Background: Pro-tect company cannot afford the total payout on car-theft caims.
Premise: Pro-tect plans to provide a discount to enable the car holders to install anti-theft devices on their cars. As the discount is more than the cost of the device, many car holders will respond to the discount, and since the cars with antitheft devices are much less likely to be stolen than those without antitheft devices, Pro-tect’ s plan is likely to reduce its annuel payout.
B
A: not both evidence
B: right
C: not position
D: not explaination
E: not outcome

leewonting

103
At present the Hollywood Restaurant has only standard-height tables.  However, many customers come to watch the celebrities who frequent the Hollywood, and they would prefer tall tables with stools because such seating would afford a better view of the celebrities.  Moreover, diners seated on stools typically do not stay as long as diners seated at standard-height tables.  Therefore, if the Hollywood replaced some of its seating with high tables and stools, its profits would increase.
The argument is vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it gives reason to believe that it is likely that
(A) some celebrities come to the Hollywood to be seen, and so might choose to sit at the tall tables if they were available
(B) the price of meals ordered by celebrities dining at the Hollywood compensates for the longer time, if any, they spend lingering over their meals
(C) a customer of the Hollywood who would choose to sit at a tall table would be an exception to the generalization about lingering
(D) a restaurant's customers who spend less time at their meals typically order less expensive meals than those who remain at their meals longer
(E) with enough tall tables to accommodate all the Hollywood's customers interested in such seating, there would be no view except of other tall tables
背景：At present the Hollywood Restaurant has only standard-height tables.
条件：Many customers come to watch the celebrities who frequent the Hollywood and they would prefer tall tables with stools because such seating would afford a better view of celebrities and diners on stools typically do not as long as diners seated at standard-height tables  
结论：It’s profitable to replace the standard-height with stools.
推测：停留在餐厅的时间越长，消费越高
选D
选C，其实看celebrities的人只是大多数人的一点点。而D有一个gap，可能停留时间长的人会order更贵的东西，但是如果停留时间短的人比停留长的人更多，那么即使order比较便宜也会比较多profit


104
背景：The Calex Telecommunications Company is planning to introduce cellular telephone service into isolated coastal areas of Caladia where has only small-scale coffee farming
条件：The farmers earn too little to pay the service fees
结论：But the company insists to introduce the plan
推测：farmers有了电话，生意好了！
选A


105
背景：There is a record number of new companies starting up in Derderia and with previously established companies adding many jobs.
条件：Previously established companies will not be adding as many as new jobs as much companies added last years
结论：Therefore, unless a record number of companies start up this year, Derderia will not break its record for new jobs created.
推测：record= new starting companies + previously established companies offering new jobs, 如果以前的公司没有更多的新工作，那么如果新公司没有更多，那么new jobs不能record
选C

106
背景：During the past year, Pro-Tech Insurance Company’s total payout on car-theft claims has been larger than the company can afford to sustain. Pro-Tech can not reduce the number of car-theft policies it carries, so it cannot protect itself against continued large payouts that way
条件：Pro-Tech has decided to offer a discount to holders of car-theft policies whose cars have antitheft devices.
结论：Thus, because cars with antitheft devices are rarely stolen, Pro-Tech’s plan is likely to reduce its annual payouts
推测：第一部分是situation？第二部分应该是结果？
选B

baseboss

cellular telephone service, there is currently no fixed-line telephone service because fixed-line companies do not believe that they could recoup their investment.
-->irrelevant
(C) A cellular telephone company can break even with a considerably smaller number of subscribers than a fixed-line company can, even in areas such as the Caladian coast, where there is no difficult terrain to drive up the costs of installing fixed lines.
-->irrelevant
(D) Calex bases its monthly fees for cellular telephone service in a given region partly on the cost of installing the necessary equipment to provide the service there.
-->irrelevant
(E) Calex has for years made a profit on cellular telephone service in Caladia's capital city, which is not far from the coastal region.
-->irrelevant

4 presume:
The previously new company will not add new jobs
A) Each year, new companies starting up create more new jobs overall than do previously established companies.
-->irrelevant
(B) Companies established last year will not add a greater number of jobs overall this year than they did last year.
-->corrct
(C) This year, the new companies starting up will not provide substantially more jobs per company than did new companies last year.
-->irrelevant
(D) This year, the overall number of jobs created by previously established companies will be less than the overall number of jobs lost at those companies.
-->irrelevant
(E) The number of jobs created in the Derderian economy last year was substantially larger than the number of jobs lost last year.
-->irrelevant

5
1.evidence and presume for conclusion
2conclusion

(A) The first and the second are both evidence offered by the argument as support for its main conclusion.
-->incorrect
(B) The first presents a problem a response to which the argument assesses; the second is the judgment reached by that assessment.
-->incorrect
(C) The first is the position the argument seeks to establish; the second is a judgment the argument uses to support that position.
-->incorrect
(D) The first is a development that the argument seeks to explain; the second is a prediction the argument makes in support of the explanation it offers.
-->incorrect
(E) The first presents a development whose likely outcome is at issue in the argument; the second is a judgment
-->correct

jetyxo

1 31":  ppulation of A declined ,at the same time, ozone layers depleted ---> UV-b, broken genes
           A has no hair,feather and A's egg lack hard shells---> A is vulnerable to UV-b
        conclusion: the depletion of ozone layer leads to decline of population of A
        strengthen EXCEPT? B C E support D: no other reason leads to decline ,also supports
        answer:A
---------------------------------------------------------------------
2 35" premise:people like high tables and stools to look celebrity;
                      diner at high tables do not  stay as longer as diner at standard tables
        conclusion:  to make more profits ,the restaurant should replace the srandard tables with high tables
       illogic reason because? may be diner at high tables consume less than at standard tables
          answer

  做错了： D正好是支持，看反了。。。  answer:C
------------------------------------------------------------
3 29" background: CT plan to give service to C, this plan need huge investment;
                             farmer in C,can not aford the service
           however: CT still decide to invest in C, because it think it will be profitable.
          reason? A
-----------------------------------------------------
4 26" last year, a new record created by two things: A a large employment in old companies
                                                                                B a large number of new opend companies
          this year, no A,so in order to make a new record, must need a more huge number of new opend companies
         weaken:  just few opening companies, but each of them employ more and more people
        answer:C
--------------------------------------------------
5  B

meabh

4. (1) Time: 31s
(2) Category: Weaken
(3) Logical pattern:
Background: A is declining.
Premise: Ozone layer depleted to prevent U and A is vulnerable to U.
Conclusion: U declined A.
(4) Prephrase: When ozone is not depleted A’s number doesn’t decline.
(5) Analysis:
(A) Of the various types of radiation blocked by atmospheric ozone, UV-B is the only type that can damage genes.---irrelevant. Genes vs number
(B) Amphibian populations are declining far more rapidly than are the populations of nonamphibian species whose tissues and eggs have more natural protection from UV-B.----Strengthen
(C) Atmospheric ozone has been significantly depleted above all the areas of the world in which amphibian populations are declining.-----Strengthen
(D) The natural habitat of amphibians has not become smaller over the past century.----strengthen,他因削弱
(E) Amphibian populations have declined continuously for the last 50 years.-----Strengthen

17. (1) Time: 42s
(2) Category: weaken
(3) Logical pattern:
Background: people eat in H to see stars.
Premise: people don’t stay long time in high chairs.
Conclusion: high tables will increase profit.
(4) Prephrase: people here to see stars prefer high tables and won’t leave quickly.
(5) Analysis: C

18. (1) Time: 31s
(2) Category: Strengthen
(3) Logical pattern:
Background: C will invest in Canada.
Premise: farmers have less money to afford the service.
Conclusion: service to farmers will profit.
(4) Prephrase: service brings profit to farmers so they are willing to do so.
(5) Analysis: A

19. (1) Time: 36s
(2) Category: assumption
(3) Logical pattern:
Background: last year a record of new companies created many jobs.
Premise: previously companies don’t create more jobs.
Conclusion: jobs will not be created as many as before unless more new companies opened.
(4) Prephrase: The newly existed companies don’t create more jobs.
(5) Analysis: C

20. (1) Time: 45s
(2) Category: Boldface
(3) Logical pattern:
Background: P cannot reduce the payouts because the thefts cannot reduce.
Premise: P offered discount for antitheft.
Conclusion: P will reduce the payouts.
(4) Prephrase:
(5) Analysis: B