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[逻辑小分队] 【每日逻辑练习第二季】【2-1】

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41#
发表于 2013-9-21 17:45:33 | 只看该作者
【offer大冒险】 2-1
精练
BG: personal finances > politics
P: the question is biased and the readers are self –selecting samples
C: the conclusion of survey is skeptical
猜测选项:人们易受问题误导
答案:E 文中并没有与social issue有关的部分

逻辑链
1. BG:corporation claims no enough work for 60 workers
    P: workers- company is buying 100 new computers
    C: true reason- employ low-paid workers
猜测选项:new computer- high efficiency
答案:E

2.BG:A and G’s systems are similarly priced and are equally easy to use
   P: ?
   C: A’s product is likely to dominate the market
猜测选项:有更多电脑装载了A系统,或A系统有什么特殊优点
答案:E

3. BG: RDS programs must be with RDS-equipped radios
    P: programs increased but the number of RDS radios remained
    C: the number of people receiving RDS programs did not increase
猜测选项:radio 与 people 数量匹配
答案:A

4:BG: For five years the Souper restaurant chain has maintained rapid sales growth in Danport, primarily by opening new restaurants that draw patrons away from other restaurants in their vicinity.
     P:  Continue to open new restaurants in Danport during the next two years at the same rate as in the last two years.
     C: Souper wishes to achieve continued rapid sales growth in Danport over the next two years.
     猜测选项:已没有其他竞争者
     答案:D
42#
发表于 2013-9-21 21:41:44 | 只看该作者
P1:question is biased
P2:readers of the magazine are a self-selecting sample
C:the conclusion is questionable
A the credibility of the magazine has been called into question on a number of occasions
-----这个是加强 如果杂志的信任度都不可靠 可以推断出来  杂志的结论biased
B The conclusion draw in most magazine surveys have eventually been disproved
---因为大多数杂志的结论有问题 那么这个杂志的结论也很可能有问题
C other surveys suggest that North Americans are just as concerned about politics as they are about finance
---支持了第一个方向的加持 推出来杂志是biased 从而支持了结论
D There is a reason to be skeptical about the results of the surveys that are biased and representative
-----支持了第二个方向的假设  支持了结论
E other surveys suggest that North American are concerned not only with politics and finance, but also with social issues
---提到了无关的social issue

9.to weak the argument
There are two ways to consider first:
The new 100 computers are for other use not for the law-pay workers
The staff number does not change because the work will be assigned to the staff

10 A and G are similar in many ways  but A’s product is more popular

Should find the difference between the two about product

E is best answer
11  1994-1996
Number of RDS stations increased from 250-600
RDS equipped radios do not change
The assumption should explain the most important the increase of the RDS stations will not affect the number increase of the RDS radio
Or
The there is another reason could explain why the number of the radios does not change
43#
发表于 2013-9-21 21:55:19 | 只看该作者
【offer大冒险】 2-1
BG: A financial magazine showed that NA concern more about finance than politics.
Premise: The question is simple.
The readers of the financial magazine are self-selecting.
Conclusion: The conclusion of the survey is skeptical.

Q: strengthen except
EEEAD
44#
发表于 2013-9-22 19:50:06 | 只看该作者
E EEBD
1. 45'
P: question is clearly biased. Also, the readers of the magazine are a self-selecting sample.
C: there is reason to be skeptical about the conclusion drawn in the magazine’s survey.
STRENGTHEN EXPECT: the survey is fair; or other irrelevant factors
答案:E
(A) The credibility of the magazine has been called into question on a number of occasions.---------strengthen the skeptical.
(B) The conclusions drawn in most magazine surveys have eventually been disproved.-----------still strengthen the skeptic.
(C) Other surveys suggest that North Americans are just as concerned about politics as they are about finances.-------------also strengthen the skeptical
(D) There is reason to be skeptical about the results of surveys that are biased and unrepresentative.-----------means the skeptical is reasonable. strengthen.
(E) Other surveys suggest that North Americans are concerned not only with politics and finances, but also with social issues.---------CORRECT. what else does North Americans are concerned is not the core question. irrelevant

2. 20'
P: company is buying 100 new computers
C: company's real reason for laying them off is to fill their jobs with lower-paid workers.
UNDERMINE: more computers≠more lower-paid workers
答案:E
(A) Most of the workers being laid off know how to enter data on a number of different computer systems.-----------how are the workers' abilities does not explain more lower-paid workers
(B) Orders for almost all of Beta Corporation products have increased over the past year.--------------whether orders are increased or not does not explain the workers increase or decrease
(C) A recent memorandum from the president of Beta Corporation requested that all data generated by the company be stored in computerized form.--------------how the data generated does not explain the change of employment
(D) Beta Corporation's computer data-entry workers are more experienced and hence more highly paid than people doing comparable work in other companies.-----------------support the workers' conclusion
(E) Beta Corporation's new computers will allow its current management and sales staff to perform many of the tasks that the data-entry workers were previously doing.---------------CORRECT. means more computers≠more workers

3. 20'
P: the systems are similarly priced and are equally easy to use
C: Aptron's product is likely to dominate the market
EXPLAIN: some advantages of A do not exit in G
答案:E
(A) Gammatech has been in the business of designing data transmission systems for several years more than Aptron has-------------states the advantages of G, does not support the conclusion
(B) the number of small businesses that need computer networking systems is likely to double over the next few years--------------states that the market will broaden. a good situation for both A and G
(C) it is much more likely that Gammatech's system will be expandable to meet future needs----------this statement does not explain the advantageous of A
(D) unlike many data transmission companies, Aptron and Gammatech develop computers in addition to data transmission systems-----------------the comparison between A&G and other companies is irrelevant
(E) it is easier for users of the current data transmission technology to switch to Aptron's product than to Gammatech's-------------CORRECT. clearly state the advantages of A

4. 22'
P:  the number of RDS radio stations in Verdland increased from 250 to 600; the number of RDS-equipped radios in Verdland was about the same
C: the number of Verdlanders receiving the special program information probably did not increase significantly.
ASSUMPTION: no more radio=no more increase listener
答案:B
(A) Few if any of the RDS radio stations that began broadcasting in Verdland after 1994 broadcast to people with RDS-equipped radios living in areas not previously reached by RDS stations.-----------means almost all RDS radio stations broadcast to people with RDS-equipped radios in areas not previously reached by RDS stations. 这个选项很难懂啊. 但是抓住一点,这个选项没有提及关于number of equipped radio.  CORRECT
(B) In 1996 most Verdlanders who lived within the listening area of an RDS station already had a radio equipped to receive RDS.--------------CORRECT. means although the stations increase, since people already have this kind of radio, they will no need to buy one more. thus the number will not increase.
(C) Equipping a radio station with RDS technology does not decrease the station's listening area.----------------what about the station is irrelevant. focus on whether the number of radio increases
(D) In 1996 Verdlanders who did not own radios equipped to receive RDS could not receive any programming from the RDS radio stations that began broadcasting in Verdland after 1994.-------------. support the equipped radios. 取非:V who did not own radios equipped to receive RDS could receive programming from the RDS. this answer violates the premise. incorrect
(E) The RDS radio stations in Verdland in 1996 did not all offer the same type of programming.--------what program they offer does not affect the radio quantity.
===============================================================错选完全是因为粗心啊!!问的是assumption,就是要证明no more radio=no more listeners. B 直接就推翻了这个逻辑链。A取非之后意思是“some  RDS radio stations that began broadcasting in Verdland after 1994 broadcast to people with RDS-equipped radios living in areas not previously reached by RDS stations."【有stations向那些有equipped radios但是住在信号范围外的人播放】意思就是原本就有,不需要再买,但实际上确实听众增加
===============================================================
5. 27'
BG: Souper restaurant chain has maintained rapid sales growth in Danport, primarily by opening new restaurants that draw patrons away from other restaurants in their vicinity.
P: Continue to open new restaurants in Danport during the next two years at the same rate as in the last two years.
C: achieve continued rapid sales growth
WEAKEN: open more store≠rapid sales growth
答案:D
(A) At times at which customers find Souper restaurants too crowded, they often go to other restaurants nearby.------------support the plan since more restaurant means more room for guests
(B) The Souper chain has generally opened new restaurants in locations that are in the vicinity of a large number of other restaurants.-----------where the chain opened does not explain whether the plan is effective or not
(C) Souper restaurants generally offer a much smaller variety of foods than many of the other restaurants in their vicinity.-----------what S offers does not explain whether the plan is effective or not
(D) Virtually all potential sites for new Souper restaurants in Danport are located in the vicinity of existing Souper restaurants.-------------CORRECT. this means opening new restaurants will draw patrons away from its own restaurant.
(E) Souper restaurants have always offered meals that are somewhat less expensive than meals at restaurants that compete with Souper for patrons.------------support the plan
45#
发表于 2013-10-18 16:53:53 | 只看该作者
【精炼】40S strengthen except
Situation
BG: survey showed people more concerned about finances than politics
P: questions type; self-selecting sample
C: the question is biased.
Prephase
deny one of the biase that the argument has, eg. sample biase, question biase, etc.
Analysis
(A) The credibility of the magazine has been called
into question on a number of occasions.----strengthen
(B) The conclusions drawn in most magazine
surveys have eventually been disproved.----strengthen, but not as good as A
(C) Other surveys suggest that North Americans are
just as concerned about politics as they are
about finances.---- strengthen
(D) There is reason to be skeptical about the results
of surveys that are biased and
unrepresentative.----strengthen
(E) Other surveys suggest that North Americans are
concerned not only with politics and
finances, but also with social issues.---->correct,irrelevant
【逻辑链】
9. 30S  weaken
BG: lay off 60 workers
P: buy 100 new computer---->C: hire low paided workers to replace the previous ones.
Prephase: computers have other uses
Analysis: A) Most of the workers being laid off know how to enter data on a number of different computer systems.--> irrelevant
(B) Orders for almost all of Beta Corporation products have increased over the past year.-->strengthen
(C) A recent memorandum from the president of Beta Corporation requested that all data generated by the company be stored in computerized form.--> correct, the computer will be used for storing
(D) Beta Corporation's computer data-entry workers are more experienced and hence more highly paid than people doing comparable work in other companies.-->strengthen
(E) Beta Corporation's new computers will allow its current management and sales staff to perform many of the tasks that the data-entry workers were previously doing.--> confused option, many of the tasks can't present all the tasks
10. 34S complete
BG: A and G developed different transmission technology that ten times faster than previous one.
P: similar prices, all easy to use
C: A is more likely to suceed
Prephase: other shortcomes that G has, eg. adjustion cost, after-sale services.
AnalysisA) Gammatech has been in the business of designing data transmission systems for several years more than Aptron has--> weaken
(B) the number of small businesses that need computer networking systems is likely to double over the next few years -->irrelevant
(C) it is much more likely that Gammatech's system will be expandable to meet future needs-->weaken
(D) unlike many data transmission companies, Aptron and Gammatech develop computers in addition to data transmission systems-->irrelevant
(E) it is easier for users of the current data transmission technology to switch to Aptron's product than to Gammatech's-->correct
11. 45S assumption
BG: RDS radio only receive RDS program
P: RDS radio stations increased from 1994 to 1996, while RDS radio didn't increase correspondingly
C: receivers didn't increse
Prephase: deny other reasons could lead the receivers increase, eg. people share the equipment.
Analysis:
A) Few if any of the RDS radio stations that began broadcasting in Verdland after 1994 broadcast to people with RDS-equipped radios living in areas not previously reached by RDS stations.--> confused
(B) In 1996 most Verdlanders who lived within the listening area of an RDS station already had a radio equipped to receive RDS.--> irrelevant, has nothing to do with the premise
(C) Equipping a radio station with RDS technology does not decrease the station's listening area.-->irrelevant
(D) In 1996 Verdlanders who did not own radios equipped to receive RDS could not receive any programming from the RDS radio stations that began broadcasting in Verdland after 1994. -->correct, 说明不会有人没有RDS radio 但是收到了节目
(E) The RDS radio stations in Verdland in 1996 did not all offer the same type of programming. --> irrelevant
12. 44S weaken
BG: D restautant grows fast last serveral years by opening restraunant in new location to drive customers from other restaurant.
C: To keep growing, the company should keep opening new restaunts.
Analysis:
(A) At times at which customers find Souper restaurants too crowded, they often go to other restaurants nearby.
(B) The Souper chain has generally opened new restaurants in locations that are in the vicinity of a large number of other restaurants.
(C) Souper restaurants generally offer a much smaller variety of foods than many of the other restaurants in their vicinity.
(D) Virtually all potential sites for new Souper restaurants in Danport are located in the vicinity of existing Souper restaurants.--> correct
(E) Souper restaurants have always offered meals that are somewhat less expensive than meals at restaurants that compete with Souper for patrons.
46#
发表于 2013-10-23 16:45:13 | 只看该作者
Bg  : A magazine did a survey about which north American concern more about finance or politics.
Pm: the  question is which one do they think more is biased.  Also the question is one-selecting question.
C:the result can be skepticle
Pp: we have to manifest the statistics is sufficient and typical. + By describing politics neutrally but describing earning money as a fun activity, the question inappropriately suggests to the magazine reader that one activity is more interesting than the other. This bias undermines the integrity of the survey.
Each of the following, if true, would strengthen the statistician’s argument EXCEPT:    包括无关和削弱
(A) The credibility of the magazine has been called
into question on a number of occasions.----yes weak the survey` s result.
(B) The conclusions drawn in most magazine surveys have eventually been disproved.---be proved enventually strength. the suspect to result is weaken. 这选项是非证明,所以支持
(C) Other surveys suggest that North Americans are
just as concerned about politics as they are
about finances.----weak the result, so strengthen the author`s view.  
(D) There is reason to be skeptical about the results
of surveys that are biased and
unrepresentative.----yes, other reason can strengthen the c.这个是加强啊
(E) Other surveys suggest that North Americans are
concerned not only with politics and
finances, but also with social issues.-----so it proved that the survey is biased. Strengthen the argument.。  无关,只说读者对什么感兴趣,却没说关于是否结论值得怀疑

47#
发表于 2013-10-27 05:44:13 | 只看该作者
10月26日
1 35s 属于统计枚举类
Statistician: A financial magazine claimed that its
survey of its subscribers showed that North
Americans are more concerned about their
personal finances than about politics.

Premise: One question was: “Which do you think about
more: politics or the joy of earning money?”
This question is clearly biased. Also, the readers
of the magazine are a self-selecting sample.

Conclusion:Thus, there is reason to be skeptical about the
conclusion drawn in the magazine’s survey.
Each of the following, if true, would strengthen the
statistician’s argument EXCEPT:
The sample is well representative.
(A)        The credibility of the magazine has been called
into question on a number of occasions.
(B) The conclusions drawn in most magazine
surveys have eventually been disproved.
(C) Other surveys suggest that North Americans are
just as concerned about politics as they are
about finances.
(D) There is reason to be skeptical about the results of surveys that are biased and
unrepresentative.-----correct没说是什么reason repeat the premise
(E) Other surveys suggest that North Americans are
concerned not only with politics and
finances, but also with social issues.
Answer choice (E): This is the correct answer. The answer has no impact on the
statistician’s argument because a third topic—social issues—was not part of the
magazines’ survey, nor does this answer suggest anything about the preference
of North Americas for finance or politics. Because the answer has no impact, it
is correct in a StrengthenX question.
2 29s
Background:Beta Corporation claims that it no longer has enough work for the 60 computer data-entry workers that it is laying off.  
Premise:These workers have heard, however, that the company is buying 100 new computers.
Conclusion: So the workers concluded that the company's real reason for laying them off is to fill their jobs with lower-paid workers.
Which of the following, if true, would most undermine the workers' conclusion?
因果推理。因果没有联系。P the now computer do not need the workers to work with.
(A)        Most of the workers being laid off know how to enter data on a number of different computer systems.
(B) Orders for almost all of Beta Corporation products have increased over the past year.
(C) A recent memorandum from the president of Beta Corporation requested that all data generated by the company be stored in computerized form.
(D) Beta Corporation's computer data-entry workers are more experienced and hence more highly paid than people doing comparable work in other companies.
(E) Beta Corporation's new computers will allow its current management and sales staff to perform many of the tasks that the data-entry workers were previously doing.-----correct.

3 26s support family
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
For the past several years, a certain technology has been widely used to transmit data among networked computers.  Recently two data transmission companies, Aptron and Gammatech, have each developed separate systems that allow network data transmission at rates ten times faster than the current technology allows. Premise: Although the systems are similarly priced and are equally easy to use,conclusion Aptron's product is likely to dominate the market, because __________.
类似类比推理A and G 有共同点,但是A更好卖。所以要找A的不同点
A)        Gammatech has been in the business of designing data transmission systems for several years more than Aptron has
(B) the number of small businesses that need computer networking systems is likely to double over the next few years
(C) it is much more likely that Gammatech's system will be expandable to meet future needs
(D) unlike many data transmission companies, Aptron and Gammatech develop computers in addition to data transmission systems
(E) it is easier for users of the current data transmission technology to switch to Aptron's product than to Gammatech's----correct

4 27s 相关因果
Premise1:Radio stations with radio data system (RDS) technology broadcast special program information that only radios with an RDS feature can receive.
Between 1994 and 1996, the number of RDS radio stations in Verdland increased from 250 to 600.  
Premise:However, since the number of RDS-equipped radios in Verdland was about the same in 1996 as in 1994,
Conclusion:the number of Verdlanders receiving the special program information probably did not increase significantly.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
P one RDS can only be used by one people. what if more people use the same one to get programs.
(A)        Few if any of the RDS radio stations that began broadcasting in Verdland after 1994 broadcast to people with RDS-equipped radios living in areas not previously reached by RDS stations.----correct
(B) In 1996 most Verdlanders who lived within the listening area of an RDS station already had a radio equipped to receive RDS.----loser
(C) Equipping a radio station with RDS technology does not decrease the station's listening area.-----loser
(D) In 1996 Verdlanders who did not own radios equipped to receive RDS could not receive any programming from the RDS radio stations that began broadcasting in Verdland after 1994.----might
(E) The RDS radio stations in Verdland in 1996 did not all offer the same type of programming.----loser

5 33s
Situation:  For five years the Souper restaurant chain has maintained rapid sales growth in Danport, primarily by opening new restaurants that draw patrons away from other restaurants in their vicinity.
Goal:  Souper wishes to achieve continued rapid sales growth in Danport over the next two years.
Proposal for consideration:  Continue to open new restaurants in Danport during the next two years at the same rate as in the last two years.
In light of the situation, which of the following, if true, most strongly argues that adopting the proposal would be an ineffective way of achieving the goal?
P 类比推理。说明present condition is different from past condition
A) At times at which customers find Souper restaurants too crowded, they often go to other restaurants nearby.
(B) The Souper chain has generally opened new restaurants in locations that are in the vicinity of a large number of other restaurants.
(C) Souper restaurants generally offer a much smaller variety of foods than many of the other restaurants in their vicinity.
(D) Virtually all potential sites for new Souper restaurants in Danport are located in the vicinity of existing Souper restaurants.----correct
(E) Souper restaurants have always offered meals that are somewhat less expensive than meals at restaurants that compete with Souper for patrons.
48#
发表于 2013-11-3 17:33:44 | 只看该作者
1. 1'30 对问题理解有误。‘非加强即削弱的’的思维不对。还可能是无关选项。在这里EXCEPT选择的E选项就是无关项。  其他选项都是加强项。
2. 1'52
3.1'17
4.2'30 这道题还是觉得有点难,做完总结了半天,总算是懂了。逻辑并不复杂,但是A句子本身有点难理解。
A:94年后很少有station向‘有RDS-radio但之前住在收不到RDS信号的地方’的人们广播。
也就是说,电台增多了,但广播范围并没有增大。那么还是一样的设备数量,听众人数也就不会大幅增加了。
D:96年V地没有RDS-radio的居民不能收到94年开始广播RDS的电台。重复了文中的限制---RDS只能被RDS-radio收到。不能作为假设。
few if any of  即使有 也很少

5.1‘43
49#
发表于 2013-11-22 14:26:30 | 只看该作者
2-1

1.

Background: Statistician: A financial magazine claimed that its
survey of its subscribers showed that North
Americans are more concerned about their
personal finances than about politics.

Premise: One
question was: “Which do you think about
more: politics or the joy of earning money?”
This question is clearly biased.

Conclusion: Also, the readers
of the magazine are a self-selecting sample.
Thus, there is reason to be skeptical about the
conclusion drawn in the magazine’s survey.

(E) Correct

2.

Background: Beta Corporation claims that it no longer has enough work for the 60 computer data-entry workers that it is laying off.

Premise: These workers have heard, however, that the company is buying 100 new computers.

Conclusion: So the workers concluded that the company's real reason for laying them off is to fill their jobs with lower-paid workers.

(E) Correct

3.

Background: For the past several years, a certain technology has been widely used to transmit data among networked computers.

Premise: Recently two data transmission companies, Aptron and Gammatech, have each developed separate systems that allow network data transmission at rates ten times faster than the current technology allows.

Conclusion:  Although the systems are similarly priced and are equally easy to use, Aptron's product is likely to dominate the market, because

(E) Correct

4.

Background: Radio stations with radio data system (RDS) technology broadcast special program information that only radios with an RDS feature can receive.

Premise: Between 1994 and 1996, the number of RDS radio stations in Verdland increased from 250 to 600

Conclusion: However, since the number of RDS-equipped radios in Verdland was about the same in 1996 as in 1994, the number of Verdlanders receiving the special program information probably did not increase significantly.

(A) Correct

5.

Background: Situation:  For five years the Souper restaurant chain has maintained rapid sales growth in Danport, primarily by opening new restaurants that draw patrons away from other restaurants in their vicinity.

Premise: Goal:  Souper wishes to achieve continued rapid sales growth in Danport over the next two years.

Conclusion: Proposal for consideration:  Continue to open new restaurants in Danport during the next two years at the same rate as in the last two years.

(D) Correct
50#
发表于 2013-11-22 20:54:38 | 只看该作者
[精练]
Background: a survey about financial magazine
permise:question is biased and readers are doubtful samples
conclusion:skeptical about the survey

weaken permise or other improvement

A.magazine is doubted  support
B.irrelevant
C.irrelevant
D.support
E.correct  


[逻辑链]
1.
background:no work for workers
permise: company buy 100 computers - so need to save money
conclusion: to employ lower-paid workers  lay workers off

weaken:E


2.similarly priced, equally easy to use, then why is A's product more perferable?
E  相对G而言A的优势

3.numbers increase -- number of V didn't  
assumption:A  二者差异

4.background: sales growth
conclusion: continue to open new restaurants -- same results?
weaken: D
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