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2. Statistician: A financial magazine claimed that its
survey of its subscribers showed that North
Americans are more concerned about their
personal finances than about politics. One
question was: “Which do you think about
more: politics or the joy of earning money?”
This question is clearly biased. Also, the readers
of the magazine are a self-selecting sample.
Thus, there is reason to be skeptical about the
conclusion drawn in the magazine’s survey.
A self-selecting sample is one in which individuals decide whether to participate. As you might expect, only those interested in the topic tend to participate and this creates a bias in the results. Because the survey was of subscribers to a financial magazine and not of the general North American population, those participating in sample are not necessarily representative of North Americans and thus the magazine cannot reliably draw a conclusion about North Americans.
Each of the following, if true, would strengthen the
statistician’s argument EXCEPT:
(A) The credibility of the magazine has been called
into question on a number of occasions.
Since the credibility issues of the magazine, the result conducted by the magazine should be treated highly cautiously, thus strengthening the statistician’s argument.
(B) The conclusions drawn in most magazine
surveys have eventually been disproved.
The same to A.
(C) Other surveys suggest that North Americans are
just as concerned about politics as they are
about finances.
The same to A.
(D) There is reason to be skeptical about the results
of surveys that are biased and
unrepresentative.
The same to A.
(E) Other surveys suggest that North Americans are
concerned not only with politics and
finances, but also with social issues.
Yes, in this case, this answer choice actually has no effect on the argument, thus not strengthening the argument. The comparison referred in the argument is between politics and finances, having no relationship with social issues. BA
9. (24497-!-item-!-188;#058&001429)
Beta Corporation claims that it no longer has enough work for the 60 computer data-entry workers that it is laying off. These workers have heard, however, that the company is buying 100 new computers. So the workers concluded that the company's real reason for laying them off is to fill their jobs with lower-paid workers.
Which of the following, if true, would most undermine the workers' conclusion?
(A) Most of the workers being laid off know how to enter data on a number of different computer systems.
Actually, this answer choice strengthens the argument, since the abilities of the workers being laid off are good, thus meaning that their wages are higher than those of people doing comparable work in other companies.
(B) Orders for almost all of Beta Corporation products have increased over the past year.
This argument does not address the reason of the dismissal.
(C) A recent memorandum from the president of Beta Corporation requested that all data generated by the company be stored in computerized form.
This may help address the reason of purchasing 100 new computers, but it has no effect on the reason of the dismissal.
(D) Beta Corporation's computer data-entry workers are more experienced and hence more highly paid than people doing comparable work in other companies.
The same to A.
(E) Beta Corporation's new computers will allow its current management and sales staff to perform many of the tasks that the data-entry workers were previously doing.
Yes, in this case, this answer choice helps to explanation why the 60 computer data-entry workers are fired, because now management and sales staff can do many of the tasks that the 60 workers were previously doing. And the reason has nothing relationship with lower-paid workers. BA
10. (24867-!-item-!-188;#058&001810)
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
For the past several years, a certain technology has been widely used to transmit data among networked computers. Recently two data transmission companies, Aptron and Gammatech, have each developed separate systems that allow network data transmission at rates ten times faster than the current technology allows. Although the systems are similarly priced and are equally easy to use, Aptron's product is likely to dominate the market, because __________.
(A) Gammatech has been in the business of designing data transmission systems for several years more than Aptron has
Actually, this answer choice seems to weaken the argument, since more experience would make the products of Gammatech more attractive.
(B) the number of small businesses that need computer networking systems is likely to double over the next few years
This has no effect on the comparison between Aptron’s product and Gammatech’s product.
(C) it is much more likely that Gammatech's system will be expandable to meet future needs
The same to A.
(D) unlike many data transmission companies, Aptron and Gammatech develop computers in addition to data transmission systems
The same to B.
(E) it is easier for users of the current data transmission technology to switch to Aptron's product than to Gammatech's
In this case, the answer choice accurately points out an advantage of Aptro’s product, compared with Gammatech’s product. Bingo!
11. (24915-!-item-!-188;#058&001837)
Radio stations with radio data system (RDS) technology broadcast special program information that only radios with an RDS feature can receive. Between 1994 and 1996, the number of RDS radio stations in Verdland increased from 250 to 600. However, since the number of RDS-equipped radios in Verdland was about the same in 1996 as in 1994, the number of Verdlanders receiving the special program information probably did not increase significantly.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) Few if any of the RDS radio stations that began broadcasting in Verdland after 1994 broadcast to people with RDS-equipped radios living in areas not previously reached by RDS stations.
Even though some RDS radio stations after 1994 broadcast to people with RDS-equipped radios living in areas not previously reached by RDS stations, this answer choice does not strengthen the argument, considering the number of RDS-equipped radios in Verdland was about the same in 1996 as in 1994.
At first I did not think about it carefully, thus making the mistake. When I thought it again, I found it was amazing. In this case, the listeners of RDS would increase between 1994 and 1996, because more people who could not receive the special program information before 1994 would receive it after 1994.
(B) In 1996 most Verdlanders who lived within the listening area of an RDS station already had a radio equipped to receive RDS.
It is opposite to the argument.
(C) Equipping a radio station with RDS technology does not decrease the station's listening area.
It is the opposite answer.
(D) In 1996 Verdlanders who did not own radios equipped to receive RDS could not receive any programming from the RDS radio stations that began broadcasting in Verdland after 1994.
Yes, in this case, it strengthens the argument, since it addresses the hole that Verdlanders who did not own redios equipped to receive RDS could receive some programming from the RDS radio stations that began broadcasting in Verdland after 1994 by the improvement of technology (who say?). It seems to violate the first sentence, but if we use the “negation”, we’ll find that it would weaken the argument. BA
I think I lose the principle in the assumption question. The right answer should comply with the argument. However, this answer is actually opposite to the first sentence in the argument. Although it seems to be attractive, it cannot be true!
(E) The RDS radio stations in Verdland in 1996 did not all offer the same type of programming.
This is irrelevant.
12. (24967-!-item-!-188;#058&001893)
Situation: For five years the Souper restaurant chain has maintained rapid sales growth in Danport, primarily by opening new restaurants that draw patrons away from other restaurants in their vicinity.
Goal: Souper wishes to achieve continued rapid sales growth in Danport over the next two years.
Proposal for consideration: Continue to open new restaurants in Danport during the next two years at the same rate as in the last two years.
In light of the situation, which of the following, if true, most strongly argues that adopting the proposal would be an ineffective way of achieving the goal?
(A) At times at which customers find Souper restaurants too crowded, they often go to other restaurants nearby.
This answer choice, in fact, strengthens the argument.
(B) The Souper chain has generally opened new restaurants in locations that are in the vicinity of a large number of other restaurants.
This has no effect on the argument.
(C) Souper restaurants generally offer a much smaller variety of foods than many of the other restaurants in their vicinity.
Even though this answer choice seems to weaken the argument, the sales of Souper restaurants may increase by adopting the plan, if the food in Souper restaurants is much cheaper and more delicious.
(D) Virtually all potential sites for new Souper restaurants in Danport are located in the vicinity of existing Souper restaurants.
In this case, it cast doubt on the plan, since these new restaurants may compete with existing Souper restaurants, thus making the proposal much less valid. BA
(E) Souper restaurants have always offered meals that are somewhat less expensive than meals at restaurants that compete with Souper for patrons.
This actually strengthens the proposal.
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发表于 2012-10-23 16:46:59
