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3.
Violent crime in this town is a becoming a serious
problem. Compared to last year, local law
enforcement agencies have responded to 17 percent
more calls involving violent crimes, showing that the
average citizen of this town is more likely than ever
to become a victim of a violent crime.
The line of reasoning is that because the calls involving violent crimes increase, the average citizen is more likely to become a victim of a violent crime. But please note that the argument does not demonstrate that more calls about violent crimes will cause more people to become victims of violent crimes. So in order to weaken the argument, we can points out this.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the argument?
(A) The town’s overall crime rate appears to have
risen slightly this year compared to the same
period last year.
Actually, this choice tends to strengthen the argument, rather than weaken.
(B) In general, persons under the age of 65 are less
likely to be victims of violent crimes than
persons over the age of 65.
The comparison has no effect on the argument.
(C) As a result of the town’s community outreach
programs, more people than ever are willing
to report violent crimes to the proper
authorities.
In this case, people more willing to report violent crimes cause the increase in the calls about violent crimes, instead of revealing real increase in violent crimes. BA
(D) In response to worries about violent crime, the
town has recently opened a community
center providing supervised activities for
teenagers.
This action taken by the town cannot weaken the argument.
(E) Community officials have shown that a
relatively small number of repeat offenders
commit the majority of violent crimes in the
town.
Perhaps, other offenders may commit the majority of violent crimes in the town.
61. (34849-!-item-!-188;#058&007585)
Which of the following best completes the passage below?
At a recent conference on environmental threats to the North Sea, most participating countries favored uniform controls on the quality of effluents, whether or not specific environmental damage could be attributed to a particular source of effluent. What must, of course, be shown, in order to avoid excessively restrictive controls, is that __________.
A) any uniform controls that are adopted are likely to be implemented without delay
Even though this consideration my help protect environment from pollutant, it fails to solve the question about excessively restrictive controls.
(B) any substance to be made subject to controls can actually cause environmental damage
We may regard ‘any’ as unsuitable, but it really makes sense. In order to avoid excessively restrictive controls, we should only control those substances that can actually cause environmental damage. BA
(C) the countries favoring uniform controls are those generating the largest quantities of effluents
It makes no sense.
(D) all of any given pollutant that is to be controlled actually reaches the North Sea at present
Even though those pollutants do not reach the North Sea, they may still be controlled. Please note the words that environmental threats to the North Sea in the first sentence.
(E) environmental damage already inflicted on the North Sea is reversible
The result of the damage is irrelevant.
62. (34897-!-item-!-188;#058&007589)
The interview is an essential part of a successful hiring program because, with it, job applicants who have personalities that are unsuited to the requirements of the job will be eliminated from consideration.
The argument above logically depends on which of the following assumptions?
(A) A hiring program will be successful if it includes interviews.
From the argument, we can know that an interview is an essential condition to a successful hiring program. But this answer choice inaccurately attributes the interview to the sufficient condition.
(B) The interview is a more important part of a successful hiring program than is the development of a job description.
The comparison does not help to strengthen the argument.
(C) Interviewers can accurately identify applicants whose personalities are unsuited to the requirements of the job.
In this case, we can figure out that interview indeed functions to eliminate the applicants whose personalities are not suitable to the requirements of the job. If we use the negation, we will find that the interview cannot function as told in the argument, thus weakening the argument. BA
(D) The only purpose of an interview is to evaluate whether job applicants' personalities are suited to the requirements of the job.
Although evaluating applicants’ personalities is a part of the interview, it is not necessarily the only one purpose of an interview.
(E) The fit of job applicants' personalities to the requirements of the job was once the most important factor in making hiring decisions.
Even though the fitness is very important, we do not know whether it is the most important factor in making hiring decisions.
63. (34945-!-item-!-188;#058&007591)
Companies O and P each have the same number of employees who work the same number of hours per week. According to records maintained by each company, the employees of Company O had fewer job-related accidents last year than did the employees of Company P. Therefore, employees of Company O are less likely to have job-related accidents than are employees of Company P.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the conclusion?
(A) The employees of Company P lost more time at work due to job-related accidents than did the employees of Company O.
The result of job-related accidents is irrelevant.
(B) Company P considered more types of accidents to be job-related than did Company O.
Actually, this answer choice strengthens the argument, rather than weakens.
In this case, it is possible that employees who are not regarded to have job-related accidents in Company O may be regarded to have job-related accidents in Company P, thus weakening the argument.
(C) The employees of Company P were sick more often than were the employees of Company O.
The same to B.
(D) Several employees of Company O each had more than one job-related accident.
In this case, we can find that some employees of Company O have more accidents than those of Company P, thus making the argument much less valid. BA
Even though some employees of Company O each had more than one job-related accident, they are not representative to the whole situation. We are interest in total job-related accidents between these two companies.
(E) The majority of job-related accidents at Company O involved a single machine.
The reason of the majority of job-related accidents at Company O is outside of the scope of the argument.
64. (34993-!-item-!-188;#058&007593)
Adult female rats who have never before encountered rat pups will start to show maternal behaviors after being confined with a pup for about seven days. This period can be considerably shortened by disabling the female's sense of smell or by removing the scent-producing glands of the pup.
Which of the following hypotheses best explains the contrast described above?
(A) The sense of smell in adult female rats is more acute than that in rat pups.
The comparison cannot explain the argument.
(B) The amount of scent produced by rat pups increases when they are in the presence of a female rat that did not bear them.
Because we do not know the effect of the scent produced by rat pups, this answer choice does not have effect on the argument.
(C) Female rats that have given birth are more affected by olfactory cues than are female rats that have never given birth.
Although this could be true, it does not help explain the argument.
(D) A female rat that has given birth shows maternal behavior toward rat pups that she did not bear more quickly than does a female rat that has never given birth.
The same to C.
(E) The development of a female rat's maternal interest in a rat pup that she did not bear is inhibited by the odor of the pup.
In this case, we can see why the argument points out that the period can be considerably shortened by disabling the female’s sense of smell or by removing the scent-producing glands of the pup; the odor of the pup may inhibit the maternal behaviors of adult female rats who have never before encountered rat pups. BA
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发表于 2012-10-20 13:47:44
