【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-15】

虫虫爱小葱

自己mark一下
57问的是通过S的话能得出来什么结论。与90%的人无关。何况C本身也对题目没有影响。
B取非则不对

elva85

练习方法如下：
1. 计时看问题和题干，一般在45s内。
2. 先不看选项、不看题干按自己的理解写出逻辑链。
3. 合理推测正确选项的可能方向
4. 看选项，选出正确答案

用时 15秒
c：anti... drugs cause weight gained
P: drugs抑制reduce weight gain
predict:
举一些人吃了药，另一些人没吃药的数据或例子
C

time:43.5
b:一个城市90%的人认识一些失业的人
P：5%的人失业，1个失业比20个就业的人
C: if a person know 50 peoples,1 or more likely be unemployed
predict:
A

time:
同上
B

time:55
b:公交价格每人5元
p：这个费用超过在公交很多点来回的费用
c：大家都用自己的车-路上车多导致拥挤
predict：
如果有车的人很少？多少数量的车才会导致拥挤？油价高于乘坐公交的成本？
c

time:29
b:下属不希望在领导眼里不好
p：不提供或歪曲不好的信息给上级
c：主管从底层员工得知的问题的信息少于他下属
predict:
有没有其他的渠道主管可以知道这个信息？
D

elva85

错因分析：
第四题审题不仔细，说的是证明那人的推测是错的，选C变成了加强。

fesche

drug —> weight gain
diet —> prevent weight gain
some weight gain is unlikely to be preventable
not preventable
support following
B-C
(A) A physician should not prescribe any antidepressant drug for a patient if that patient is overweight.
(B) People who are trying to lose weight should not ask their doctors for an antidepressant drug.
(C) At least some patients taking antidepressant drugs gain weight as a result of taking them.
(D) The weight gain experienced by patients taking antidepressant drugs should be attributed to lack of dieting.
(E) All patients taking antidepressant drugs should diet to maintain their weight.

90% know one unemployed
unemployment in the country is 5%
1 out of 50 is likely to be unemployed
conclusion
90% people know more than 50 workers?
A
(A) The fact that 90% of the people know someone who is unemployed is not an indication that unemployment is abnormally high.
(B) The current level of unemployment is not moderate.
(C) If at least 5% of workers are unemployed, the result of questioning a representative group of people cannot be the percentage Roland cites.
(D) It is unlikely that the people whose statements Roland cites are giving accurate reports.
(E) If an unemployment figure is given as a certain percent, the actual percentage of those without jobs is even higher.

90% know one unemployed
unemployment in the country is 5%
1 out of 50 is likely to be unemployed
assumption
people know more than 50 workers
B
(A) normal levels of unemployment are rarely exceeded
(B) unemployment is not normally concentrated in geographically isolated segments of the population
(C) the number of people who each know someone who is unemployed is always higher than 90% of the population
(D) Roland is not consciously distorting the statistics he presents
(E) knowledge that a personal acquaintance is unemployed generates more fear of losing one's job than does knowledge of unemployment statistics

fee, reduce congestion
entering fee exceeds bus
C: take bus from car       
flaw，不能得出不开车
住的附近没有bus，bus运营时间不对
C-B
(A) Projected increases in the price of gasoline will increase the cost of taking a private vehicle into the city.
(B) The cost of parking fees already makes it considerably more expensive for most people to take a private vehicle into the city than to take a bus.
(C) Most of the people currently riding the bus do not own private vehicles.
(D) Many commuters opposing the mayor's plan have indicated that they would rather endure traffic congestion than pay a five-dollar-per day fee.
(E) During the average workday, private vehicles owned and operated by people living within the city account for twenty percent of the city's traffic congestion.

employees tend to give soften report to their supervisor
C, CEO is less well informed
Assumption
GAP：每个人都会报告得轻一点
D
(A) problems should be solved at the level in the management hierarchy at which they occur
(B) employees should be rewarded for accurately reporting problems to their superiors
(C) problem-solving ability is more important at higher levels than it is at lower levels of the management hierarchy
(D) chief executives obtain information about problems at lower levels from no source other than their subordinates
(E) some employees are more concerned about truth than about the way they are perceived by their superiors

宋痂岛__

CABBD

May97

T： 22s
P: Most antidepressant drugs cause weight gain.
P: While dieting can help reduce the amount of weight gained
P: while taking such antidepressants, some weight gain is unlikely to be preventable.
Conclusion:
(A) A physician should not prescribe any antidepressant drug for a patient if that patient is overweight.
(B) People who are trying to lose weight should not ask their doctors for an antidepressant drug.
(C) At least some patients taking antidepressant drugs gain weight as a result of taking them.--->correct
(D) The weight gain experienced by patients taking antidepressant drugs should be attributed to lack of dieting.
(E) All patients taking antidepressant drugs should diet to maintain their weight.

T: 34s
P: 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.
P: moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed.  
P: So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.
Conclusion:
(A) The fact that 90% of the people know someone who is unemployed is not an indication that unemployment is abnormally high.--->CORRECT
(B) The current level of unemployment is not moderate.
(C) If at least 5% of workers are unemployed, the result of questioning a representative group of people cannot be the percentage Roland cites.
(D) It is unlikely that the people whose statements Roland cites are giving accurate reports.
(E) If an unemployment figure is given as a certain percent, the actual percentage of those without jobs is even higher.--->correct

FA:
(A) normal levels of unemployment are rarely exceeded
(B) unemployment is not normally concentrated in geographically isolated segments of the population--->CORRECT？？？
(C) the number of people who each know someone who is unemployed is always higher than 90% of the population
(D) Roland is not consciously distorting the statistics he presents
(E) knowledge that a personal acquaintance is unemployed generates more fear of losing one's job than does knowledge of unemployment statistics--->CORRECT
前后两题搞不清楚差别了。。。
T: 32S
P: A certain mayor has proposed a fee of five dollars per day on private vehicles entering the city,
C: claiming that the fee will alleviate the city's traffic congestion.  
P: The mayor reasons that, since the fee will exceed the cost of round-trip bus fare from many nearby points, many people will switch from using their cars to using the bus.
FLAW:
(A) Projected increases in the price of gasoline will increase the cost of taking a private vehicle into the city.
(B) The cost of parking fees already makes it considerably more expensive for most people to take a private vehicle into the city than to take a bus.--->CORRECT
(C) Most of the people currently riding the bus do not own private vehicles.
(D) Many commuters opposing the mayor's plan have indicated that they would rather endure traffic congestion than pay a five-dollar-per day fee.
(E) During the average workday, private vehicles owned and operated by people living within the city account for twenty percent of the city's traffic congestion.

T: 34S
P: Because no employee wants to be associated with bad news in the eyes of a superior, information about serious problems at lower levels is progressively softened and distorted as it goes up each step in the management hierarchy.  
C: The chief executive is, therefore, less well informed about problems at lower levels than are his or her subordinates at those levels.
FA:
(A) problems should be solved at the level in the management hierarchy at which they occur
(B) employees should be rewarded for accurately reporting problems to their superiors
(C) problem-solving ability is more important at higher levels than it is at lower levels of the management hierarchy
(D) chief executives obtain information about problems at lower levels from no source other than their subordinates--->CORRECT
(E) some employees are more concerned about truth than about the way they are perceived by their superiors

echo-LUO

精练
药物导致体重增加——>节食可以减少体重——>但是服药体重增加不可避免
A：饮食减少的小于药物增加的；服药期间不能饮食减重
(A) A physician should not prescribe any antidepressant drug for a patient if that patient is overweight. 无关
(B) People who are trying to lose weight should not ask their doctors for an antidepressant drug. 想减肥的不应该吃药，似乎有关联
(C) At least some patients taking antidepressant drugs gain weight as a result of taking them. “至少”，无关
(D) The weight gain experienced by patients taking antidepressant drugs should be attributed to lack of dieting. 吃药体重增加是缺乏节食引起的——>节食会保持体重——>和题目不符
(E) All patients taking antidepressant drugs should diet to maintain their weight. 无

错误分析：
题目没认真看，问的是，题干的内容可以支持哪个选项
B选项其实已经犯了大忌，“should not”这种表述，很有可能是错的。楼上分析的很有道理，万一这些减肥的人只能服用这个药物呢？
C选项就是一个现象，一些患者会因为吃药体重增加，和题目一致

逻辑链
57.
R：90%的人都认识至少一个失业者
S：一般失业率是5%，一个人至少认识超过50个人，就能认识1个以上的失业者
(A) The fact that 90% of the people know someone who is unemployed is not an indication that unemployment is abnormally high. ——>很完美，90%不能说明失业率高
(B) The current level of unemployment is not moderate. 相反
(C) If at least 5% of workers are unemployed, the result of questioning a representative group of people cannot be the percentage Roland cites. 无关
(D) It is unlikely that the people whose statements Roland cites are giving accurate reports. 无关
(E) If an unemployment figure is given as a certain percent, the actual percentage of those without jobs is even higher. 无关


58.
题目相同，问假设
(A) normal levels of unemployment are rarely exceeded 无关
(B) unemployment is not normally concentrated in geographically isolated segments of the population——>取反，如果是集中在地理位置分割的地方，很可能认识的50个人都不是失业的人，保留
(C) the number of people who each know someone who is unemployed is always higher than 90% of the population ——>取反，没影响吧
(D) Roland is not consciously distorting the statistics he presents 无关
(E) knowledge that a personal acquaintance is unemployed generates more fear of losing one's job than does knowledge of unemployment statistics 无关


59.
mayor认为提高车辆进入费用，会缓解拥堵——>费用高于坐公交车——>大家会纷纷不开私家车，去坐公交
A：可能一开始自己开车的钱就比坐公交车贵（油费啊啥的）
(A) Projected increases in the price of gasoline will increase the cost of taking a private vehicle into the city. 加强了
(B) The cost of parking fees already makes it considerably more expensive for most people to take a private vehicle into the city than to take a bus. ！！和我猜的一样
(C) Most of the people currently riding the bus do not own private vehicles. 无关
(D) Many commuters opposing the mayor's plan have indicated that they would rather endure traffic congestion than pay a five-dollar-per day fee. 无关
(E) During the average workday, private vehicles owned and operated by people living within the city account for twenty percent of the city's traffic congestion. 无关


60.
昨天刚做过，不重复做了

云栈

1.        14s
P: 大多数抗抑郁药会导致体重增加。
P: 节食可以帮助减少服用此类抗抑郁药时增加的体重，但不太可能防止体重增加。
推测：diet reduce的重量没有吃这种药增加的数量多
选项分析：C
A: 无关，题中没有提到overweight的危害之类的信息
B：无关，同A
C: 正确，paraphrase了第一句话
D: 错的，题上说了有的人diet了体重也会增加
E: 错误，同D

2.        26s
P：令人震惊的事实是，这个国家现在有90％的人报告说他们认识某个失业的人。
P: 但正常的中等失业率是5％，每20名工人中就有1名失业。
C： 因此，在任何给定时间，如果一个人认识大约50名工人，那么很可能会有1个或更多的工人失业。
推测：并不是说有很多人都认识失业的人，就说明失业率很高
选项分析：A

3.        26s
P：令人震惊的事实是，这个国家现在有90％的人报告说他们认识某个失业的人。
P: 但正常的中等失业率是5％，每20名工人中就有1名失业。
C： 因此，在任何给定时间，如果一个人认识大约50名工人，那么很可能会有1个或更多的工人失业。
推测：每个人都认识各行各业的人；失业率不集中在某个行业
选项分析：B

4.        27s
P: 某市长提议对进入市区的私家车收取每天5美元的费用，声称该费用将减轻该市的交通拥堵。
C: 市长之所以这样说，是因为该费用将超过附近许多点的往返巴士票价，许多人将从使用汽车转向使用公共汽车。
推测：很多进入城市的人去的是一些bus无法到达的地方；他们进入城市都有必须要开车的原因
选项分析：B

5.        28s
P: 因为没有一个员工希望在上级主管的眼中与坏消息相关联，所以有关低层严重问题的信息随着在管理层次结构中的每个步骤上的应用而逐渐被软化和扭曲。
C： 因此，与较低级别的下属相比，首席执行官对较低级别的问题了解得更少。
推测：高管只能通过下级获取到基层员工获取的信息。
选项分析：D

Lincy123

药会增重，节食可以减少药物增重的量，但增重不大可能避免

Must be true

A） 如果病人超重，医生就不能给他开A药，

B） 想减肥的人不能向医生要A药

C） 至少有部分人因为吃药增重。Correct

D）吃药增重的原因是病人没节食。x

E） 所有病人都要节食维持体重。X

S：失业率5%，所以一个人认识50人，其中会有1人失业

A）90%的人认识一个失业的人并非不寻常的事情。Correct

B）现在的失业率不moderate。无关

C）如果5%的人失业，询问代表群体的结果不能成为百分比

D）谈话的人没有精确报告

E）失业率是确切百分比的话，真实数字会更高。

A） 失业的正常水平不会过量

B） 失业不是集中在人口的地理隔离。取非，失业集中在人口隔离地区，weaken。Correct

C） 认识一个失业的人的人的数量总是超过90%。无关

D）R没有有意曲解数据。取非，R有意曲解数据。x

E） 认识一个失业的人比知道失业率还要产生更多失业恐惧。无关

P：私家车进城费比公交车高

C：许多人会改坐公交而非开车

Weaken：大家依然开车的原因

A） 油价上涨会增加开车成本。Strengthen

B） 停车费贵增加开车成本。Strengthen x correct

既然停车早就比公交贵了，但人们还是选择公交，说明不是钱的原因，加进城费没用

C） 大部分搭公交的人没有车。无关

D）许多人宁可忍受交通堵塞也不要交5元。Correct x

E） 在平常，由城市内的私家车造成的堵塞占了20%。

P：当坏事从下往上传到每个管理层级都会被削弱

C：相较于直属下属，总经理很少从更低职位的人听到问题

Assumption：每一阶级只能从直属下属获得消息

A） 问题要在发生的管理阶级被解决。

B） 员工要因为准确向上级报告被奖励

C） 高层的问题解决能力比低层更重要、

D）高层只能从直属下属获得信息。Correct

E） 一些员工更关心事实