【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-12】

simonleo

3.我对ABC都有犹豫，其中A，因为在欧洲人交易之前，美国本土人自己就会trade goods了，那么没发现goods，就一定是比欧洲人还早得多。 但是想想不能加强，因为在之前就有交易的话，更不能确定时间了
认为C合理是因为第一次到这个地方的goods会被很好保存，那么没发现就确实是没有的。
ron：
i can think of at least 2 reasons:

#1:

read the wording carefully: preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction

this statement carries no guarantee that 'as much as possible' will be successful in preserving those trade goods all the way to the present day, some four hundred years later. the trade goods could have been preserved as much as possible - in accord with this statement - and still disappeared before the present.

by contrast, there is no such problem with choice b, because that choice states that the goods 'have been found' at the sites (present perfect = this is a pattern that continues into the present)

#2:

'the first european trade goods to reach the area' may not have reached this particular camp.

--

simonleo

1
Time:23s
P:people with high blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious.
C:the particular combination of personality traits is likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure.
Pre:削弱。C-->E：性格-->血压高
削弱方案，找他因
E发生时，C未发生
C发生时，E不发生
E---》C
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”无关定义与否没有关系
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits 无关
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.无关，不需要证明
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure. 正解，不一定就是这个导致了high blood pressure
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have 无关，说的就是这两个particular combination of personality traits
1. D
2.1:02 B
3.44s  C
4.59s  E
5.58s  C 错 应选A

3.我对ABC都有犹豫，其中A，因为在欧洲人交易之前，美国本土人自己就会trade goods了，那么没发现goods，就一定是比欧洲人还早得多。 但是想想不能加强，因为在之前就有交易的话，更不能确定时间了
认为C合理是因为第一次到这个地方的goods会被很好保存，那么没发现就确实是没有的。
ron：
i can think of at least 2 reasons:

#1:

read the wording carefully: preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction

this statement carries no guarantee that 'as much as possible' will be successful in preserving those trade goods all the way to the present day, some four hundred years later. the trade goods could have been preserved as much as possible - in accord with this statement - and still disappeared before the present.

by contrast, there is no such problem with choice b, because that choice states that the goods 'have been found' at the sites (present perfect = this is a pattern that continues into the present)

#2:

'the first european trade goods to reach the area' may not have reached this particular camp.

--

spencerchan

21’’
P: People with high blood pressure are generally more nervous than people who do not have
C: Personality traits can cause people to develop high blood pressure
Prep: High blood pressure cause people tend to be nervous
A: Irrelevant
B: Irrelevant
C: Irrelevant
D: CORRECT
E: Irrelevant

47’’
P: Electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of conventional cars based on the electric vehicle driving distance
C: Electric vehicle’s sale would be boosted
Prep: Electric vehicle is more expensive than the rental of conventional cars
A: Irrelevant
B: ???
C: CORRECT??
D: Irrelevant
E: Irrelevant

28’’
P: There are no European trade goods found at the site
C: The camp probably dates not late than 1630
Prep: Strengthen: the answer provides other fact which could prove C
A: CORRECT?
B: Irrelevant??
C: Irrelevant??
D: Irrelevant??
E: Irrelevant

33’’
P: Replace old cars every five years
C: Air pollution would decrease, and economy would boost
Prep: Production industry would emission more polluting gas
A: Irrelevant
B: Irrelevant
C: Irrelevant
D: Irrelevant
E: CORRECT

51’’
P: Too much eggs is bad, too few also is bad
Prep: suitable size of eggs
A: Irrelevant
B:??

C: CORRECT?
D: Not mention
E: Irrelevant???

今天要炸，先睡会，起来总结

MIA926

20150903 CR小分队-12

【精练】
1. People with high blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious thanpeople who do not have high blood pressure. This fact show that this particularcombination of personality traits—the socalled hypertensive personality—islikely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure.
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the groundsthat the argument
                                           ----------Cause and Effect Problems

(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlationbetween personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure. 正确 因果反了
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have

【逻辑链】
45. (33847-!-item-!-188;#058&007123)
A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part ofpeople who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability touse electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.  In an attempt tomake purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters, one electricvehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventionalcar for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Which of the following, if true, most threatens the plan's prospects for success?
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not neededfor extended trips.  无关
(B) Because a majority ofcommuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of makinggood the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electricvehicles. 正确
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electricvehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car usecharacteristic of commuters. 加强
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use,generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's batterycan burden the environment. 无关
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for makingshort local trips, such as to do errands. 无关
46. (33987-!-item-!-188;#058&007200)
Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near DumawCreek.  Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicatesthat the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.  However, thecamp probably dates to no later than 1630, since no European trade goods werefound at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the1620's onward.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would havereached the area before the European traders themselves did. 无关
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliablydated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found. 正确 有因必有果

(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have beenconsidered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss ordestruction.  错误 但还是没有解决是不是1630以后的
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the firstEuropean explorers. 无关
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonallyfor a few years and then abandoned.  削弱

47. (34035-!-item-!-188;#058&007207)
Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars overfive years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutantsthan newer cars.  In Torinia, which has recently built its firstautomobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old.  Aimingto boost Torinia's economyand reduce air pollution, the government plans to introduce incentivesfor Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them withnew ones.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the likelihood that the plannedincentives, if implemented, will achieve both of the cited aims?
(A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians whoown an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car. 加强
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generatesmaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car modelsmanufactured elsewhere.  无关
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to othercountries. 无关
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobileemissions, but emissions from power plants. 还是可以减少
(E) The manufacture andthe scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.正确

48. (34221-!-item-!-188;#058&007550)
Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insectsin exactly theright numbers for any suitable size of host egg.  If they laid too manyeggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other tothe death for nutrients and space.  If too few eggs were laid, portions ofthe host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.
Which of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the informationabove?
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp couldtheoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.正确
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses againstthe form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps. 没提
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into theeggs of different host species. 新信息 不知道怎么学会的
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasplarvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs. 新消息
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg. 新消息

fesche

high blood pressure people are nervous and anxious
because personality traits,, hypertensive personally
weaken
因：hypertensive特征
果：容易得病
得病原因是不hypertensive而是其他
因果颠倒：因为有病所以才hypertensive
D
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a “hypertensive personality” without providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits and high blood pressure as proof that the traits cause high blood pressure.
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only, ignoring other personality traits that people with high blood pressure might have

People drive exclusively cars are unable to drive electrical car
e car company will allow people drive e car for free for the 3 days when they reach the distance 1000 miles
weaken the plan
背景：只开车的不开电动车
目的：更attractive
行动：1000 M后3日租车免费
大家都唔租车，都是买车的，免费没意义
没地方充电，他因导致不买，不是免费问题
E-B
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment.
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.

excavation date from 1605-17xx
P: commercial active from 1620
no other trade good were found
C: no later than 1630
strengthen
因果关系，无他因，因果不颠倒
资料显示是1620之后
B
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.

Cars are more polluted five years ago
T ensembles cars more than 5 years
Government incentive to T to scap cars every 5 year
boost eco and reduce pollution
weaken, will not achieve both goals
削弱两个可能，没经济也没有降低污染
E
A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car. owners没有影响
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere. elsewhere 对比无关
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries. 和出口无关
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants. 无关 power plants
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants. 削弱pollution

wasp lay right promotion eggs
too smaller, be killed
too much, compete with nutrient
conclusion
B-A
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.

宋痂岛__

DBBEA

May97

T: 25s
P: People with high blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious than people who do not have high blood pressure.
C: This fact show that this particular combination of personality traits—the socalled hypertensive personality—is likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure.
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive personality”--->incorrect
(B) presupposes that people have permanent personality traits--->no
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a “hypertensive personality” without providing evidence to support that claim.--->no
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits and high blood pressure as proof that the traits cause high blood pressure.--->correct
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only, ignoring other personality traits that people with high blood pressure might have--->irreverent

T: 37s
P: A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.  
C: In an attempt to make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters, one electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Weaken: free rental of car没有吸引力
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.--->irreverent
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.--->correct虽然做对了，但是真的不知道为什么
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.--->support
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment.--->irreverent
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.--->irreverent
没什么思路。。

T: 25s
BG: Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek.  Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicates that the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.  
P: no European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.
C: the camp probably dates to no later than 1630
Support: 如果camp是1620's的，一定会有英国的东西
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.--->irreverent
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.--->correct
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.--->irreverent
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.--->irreverent
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.--->irreverent

T: 38s
P: Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants,
P: and cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars.  
P: In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old.  C: Aiming to boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution, the government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.
Weaken: 思路不对
(A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car.--->support
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere.--->support
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries.--->irreverent
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants.--->irreverent
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.--->correct

T: 36s
P: Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg.  
P: If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space.  
P: If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.
conclusion:
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.--->no--->correct
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.--->correct
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.--->no
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.--->no
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.--->no

ba1a糖儿

发现一个问题
lsat的正确答案常常会和background info有关，但是prep的题很少有和BI相关的~~prep1错就错在了这里
买electric cars可以免费租traditional cars--> attract potential customes

预测  没人买EC  。（因为xx原因人们并不会买车）这里与background info是没有交叉的，也就是说并不涉及BI 的内容！

yangyang2

DEBEC

echo-LUO

1. 精练
有高血压的人更容易紧张和焦虑——>紧张和焦虑导致高血压
gap：因果倒置
选择D
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits and high blood pressure as proof that the traits cause high blood pressure.


逻辑链
45.
人们不买电动车是因为觉得电动车跑不了多远——>电动车商家推出免费开很长公里的方式试图拉高销量
选择A
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips. 商业车型不是用来开长途的，说明电动车无法满足消费者的需求
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles. 文中没有提到因为cost所以不买，无关
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters. 无关
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment. 无关
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands. 没有提到family vehicles，无关
错误分析：
B选项，由于大多数通勤者每周至少行驶100英里，因此制造商提供优惠的成本将大大增加电动汽车已经很高的价格。价格提高，消费者不买账，这是常识啊，不能说无关
A选项，长途旅行不需要许多用于商业用途的电动车辆。没说搞活动的就是商业用途车，无关


46.
通过一种方式测出某古迹在1605-1755之间——>因为没发现贸易商品，而欧洲商人在1620开始活跃——>所以是在1630之前的古迹
要支持conclusion，就要说明这个地方就是1630年之前的。
选择C
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did. 削弱
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found. 其他1620年代的camp都已被发现有贸易商品了——>似乎可以加强说这个camp是在1630年之前的（因为都可能是在1620之前的了），待定（又感觉有点奇怪）
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction. ——>贸易商品贵重，所以被保管的很好，不会丢失和损坏——>加强没找到就是因为没有，而不是因为有但被弄丢了，正确
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.  无关
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned. 无关



47.
汽车，尤其是老汽车，对空气污染影响大——>T城大部分车龄超过5年——>为了促进经济和减少污染，T成应该把老车换成新车
猜想：成本太高，不会促进经济发展；
选择E
(A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car. 加强
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere. 无关
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries. 无关
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants. 无关
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants. 生产和销毁车辆都会产生污染，削弱


48.
xx生物下蛋的数量要恰到好处，多的话会竞争营养，因为下在别人窝里，少的话会被host杀掉
选择A
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior. egg大小会根据host的蛋改变，不然就被发现了呀
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps. any？绝对了
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species. 无根据，经验哪有实际丰富
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs. 无根据
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg. 无根据，不能摸吗