【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-12】

leewonting

64
背景：People with high blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious than people who do not have high blood pressure.
条件：This fact show that there is a particular combination between them
结论：Hypertensive is likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure
推测：Which one is the cause and which is the result?
选D


65
背景：A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.
条件：Three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1000 miles that the drivers drive their electric vehicles
结论：Make them purchase the cars
推测：the miles that the drivers drive is more than 1000 miles.
选B


66
背景：Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a native American camp near Dumaw Creek.
条件：There is nothing that is European trade good found in the site
结论：The camp dates to no later than 1630 and European trades were active in the region from the 1620’s onward
推测：需要更多的证据，证明1620年之后发生的，甚至是1630年发生的。上面有东西写着日期？
选B


67
背景：Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants and cars over five years old typically generate significantly more pollutants than newer cars.
条件：The government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every 5 years and replace them with new ones
结论：This plan will boost Torinia’s economy and reduce air pollution
推测：how about making the new cars and replacing the old cars will produce more emissions?
选E（D很迷惑）


68
背景：Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg.
条件：They lay the “right” number of eggs
结论：Drawn from the information?
推测：根据寄主的情况繁殖
选A

Rena张

1.
Time: 47''
Premise: high blood pressure ---> more nervous & anxious.
Conclusion: people with this kind of personal traits --->are likely to develop high blood pressure.
Type: vulnerable to criticism on the ground that the argument    
Prephrase: have relation does not necessarily mean cause and effect.
Choice: D
2. 2'   B
3. 1'20''   B
4. 58''   C E
5. 46''   B A
错了俩题~~~哎呀呀

FB小贝

1. People with high blood pressure are generally more
nervous and anxious than people who do not have
high blood pressure. This fact show that this
particular combination of personality traits—the socalled
hypertensive personality—is likely to cause a
person with these traits to develop high blood
pressure.
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to
criticism on the grounds that the argument
                                            ----------Cause and Effect Problems

(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have


D。这题简单

dwindwin1106

(1)P:high blood pressure? more nervous and anxious
C:hypertensive personality ? likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure
Weaken:结论将因果颠倒了
Answer: D
A.Irrelevant ------ 定义hypertensive与文章结论无关
B.Irrelevant ------ personality traits是否permanent与文章结论无关
C.Irrelevant ------ 是否提供证据证明hypertensive personality对weaken文章无关
D.Correct ------ 曲解了两者的关系，理所当然认为有联系就是traits引起了blood pressure
E.Irrelevant ------ other personality traits与文章无关

(2)BG: major impediment to wide acceptance of EV is the inability to use EV for occasional extended trips
Purpose: make EV more attractive to commuters
Method: offer 3 days free rental of a conventional car for every 1000 miles that they drive their EV
weaken: free rental并不能使销量上升？
Answer: B
A.Irrelevant  
B.Correct
C.Irrelevant
D.Irrelevant
E.Irrelevant

(3)P: a native America camp was found near DC.
P:the camp dates from some time between 1605-1755
C:the camp probably dates to <=1630, since no Euro trade goods were found at the site and Euro traders were active in the region from >=1620’s
Strength:证明这个地方就是Euro trader出现的地方，否则没有很正常？
Answer: B
A.Weaken
B.Correct
C.Irrelevant
D.Irrelevant
E.Irrelevant

(4)BG: AE are a significant source of air pollution. Cars >5 years generate greater amounts of pollutants than new cars
BG: in T, most cars are >5 years
Purpose: boost T’s economy and reduce air pollution
Method: introduce incentives for T to scrap old cars every 5 years and replace them with new ones
Weaken:处理旧车的钱>新车赚的钱   or    生产新车会产生更多的pollutants
Answer: E
A.Irrelevant
B.Irrelevant
C.Irrelevant
D.Irrelevant
E.Correct

(5)FW lay their eggs directly into the eggs of host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg.
F:if too many eggs, the larvae would compete for nutrients and space
F:if too few eggs, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the larvae
must be true
Answer: A
A.Correct
B.Irrelevant
C.Irrelevant
D.Irrelevant
E.irrelevant

spencerX

【精练】
Premise: People with high blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious than people who do not have high blood pressure.
Conclusion: Personality traits are likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure.
Pre：错误地将两样东西因果联系起来
My answer：D

【逻辑链】
45. background：阻碍人们购买电气汽车的原因是主要汽车来上下班的人还需要额外的行驶。
Premise：Offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle
Conclusion：make electric vehicles more attractive to customers.
Pre: 使用电气汽车的人不会行使超过1000miles
Analysis：
A.    对前提本身的质疑不能weaken argument
B.    Correct. If the cost rises, then customers will not be attracted to buy the electronic vehicles.
C.    Irrelevant
D.    Irrelevant
E.    Irrelevant
46.
Background: Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek. Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicates that the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.
Premise: No European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.
Conclusion: The camp probably dates to no later than 1630
Pre: The camp belongs to European；Other goods have been found in this area, and these goods can be proved to date at no later than 1630
A. Weaken the argument.
B. Correct. This answer provides another evidence to support the argument
C. Irrelevant
D. Irrelevant
E. Irrelevant
47.
Background：Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars. In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old.  
Premise：the government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.
Conclusion: Boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution
Pre：although there is an incentive, people don’t want to buy new cars;
A. This is an opposite answer. If this answer choice is true, the strategy taken by the government is effective, and the argument will be strengthened.
B. Irrelevant
C. Irrelevant
D.Irrelevant
E. Correct
48.
Fact: 如果wasps在host egg里产了太多的egg，那么孵出来的wasps会减少；如果太少，那么就会腐蚀，wasps也会减少。
A. 因为产蛋的数量和host egg的大小完全相关，所以最小的host egg的大小可以通过wasps产蛋的习惯来推论
B. 不能推论出
C. 不能推论出
D. 不能推论出
E. 不能推论出

baseboss

1.
Presuem:
highblood presure people has the traits,but the people has the traits do not must has highblood presure.

(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”
-->irrelevant
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits
-->irrelevant
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.
-->irrelevant
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.
-->choice.
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have
-->irrevelant.

2.
Electric vehicle can not afford extend trip.Producer want to rent normal car for free.
presume:
can not meet the occasional trip.
C  B

3
Radiocarbon show the camp from 1605 to 1755.Camp has no trade in 1620‘s onward.so the camp will be no late than 1630.
presume:
NA
D  B


4over 5 years car make more pollution than new one.
Goverment ask car plant to scrap old car more than 5 years.
presume:
scrap car is another pollution.
E

5 wasp need to put correct egg in the host egg.
B A

卖红薯a

【精练】
1.
1) 计时：30s
2)逻辑链Situation
Premise: 1.ppl with high blood pressure are generally more nervous/ anxious than normal ppl   2.this particular combination of personality traits is called HP
Conclusion: HP may cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure
3)推测: 题中之义：ppl with high blood pressure→more nervous/anxious→called HP→may cause high blood pressure, 找相反
4)选项分析：选C
A. Opposite.
B. Irrelevant.
C. Right
D. Support.
E. Irrelevant.

45.
1)计时：37s
2)逻辑链Situation
Premise: 1.an inconvenience of EV is that they can’t afford occasional extended trips
2. a producer is offering customers 3 days free-rental of an EV for every 1,000m
Conclusion: in order to make EV more attractive
3)推测: even with the bargain, EV still can’t afford occasional extended trips
4)选项分析：选B
A. Irrelevant. the needs
B. Right
C. Support.
D. Irrelevant. environment
E. Irrelevant.

46.
1)计时：38s
2)逻辑链Situation
Premise: 1.archaeologists in Michigan excavated a native American C near DC
2.text the animal bone at that place shows that the C is from 1605-1755
3.but because no European trade goods were found at that place, where European traders were active from 1620’s onward.
Conclusion: so the camp dates before 1630
3)推测: 一致
4)选项分析：选E
A. Irrelevant.
B. Opposite.
C. Irrelevant. goods
D. Irrelevant. when European traders arrived
E. Right.

47.
1)计时：54s
2)逻辑链Situation
Premise: 1.automobile emissions are a source of air pollutants, 5+ yo cars generate more pollutants
2.in T’s 1st automobile plant, most cars are 5+.
3.the government plans to introduce incentives to scrap the old cars every 5 years and replace them with new ones.
Conclusion: in order to boost T’s economy and reduce air pollution
3)选项分析：选B
A. Support.
B. Right.
C. Irrelevant.
D. Opposite.
E. Support.

48.
1)计时：36s
2)逻辑链Situation
Premise: 1.parasite W lay their eggs into the eggs of host insects in exactly the right numbers for each suitable size of host egg.
Conclusion: If they laid too many, the larvae would compete to death; if they laid too few, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the larvae.
3)选项分析：选A
A. Right.
B. Irrelevant.
C. not mentioned.
D. not mentioned.
E. not mentioned.

Threesu

(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.
(E) c

B: a major problem of electrical cars is that you need to charge it before using it and it takes time
P: a producer plan to solve this problem by offering free rental to customers per 1000 miles they drive cars.

(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.
(D) i
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.

针对目标，选答案

B: find a camp for native amercians
P: date it no later than 1620 for no European commodities.

(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.

B

二楼往下掉

1.
（1）45s weaken
（2）逻辑链
Primes：
People with high blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious than people who do not have high blood pressure.
Conclusion:
The combination of these traits is likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure
（3）有很多人有这些traits但是也不high blood pressure
正确答案：D
我选的：E

2.
（1）42s weaken
（2）逻辑链
Background：
A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.
Primes：
one electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Conclusion：
make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters
（3）降价会更实惠些
（4）A：电动车不适合长途旅行，生厂商是想要多卖出些车，不管顾客用这车做什么，loser
B：羊毛出在羊身上，contender
C：说明电动车好用，loser
D：电动车虽然零排放，但是充电会破坏环境，但环境问题不会影响消费者是否购买，loser
E：说明电动车还是可以满足一些人的需求的，loser
所以，选B

3.

（1）40s support
（2）逻辑链
Background：
Camp was found near DC
Primes：
Bones indicated that the camp between 1605~1755
No European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward
Conclusion:
The camp no later than 1630
（4）A：证明了camp不会晚于1630年，contender
B：发现了E的商贸货物，证明这就是E人做生意时候用的，contender
C：第一个到达该区域的商人在想什么，loser
D：不能证明啥，loser
E：临时与不临时都没有时间限定，loser
A中的时间比较不好确定，但一定早于1620年；但B中camps和商贸货物被一起发现只能说是在1620年以后，但是否在1630年前不好说，所以选A
这道题的文章加题目看的都晕乎乎的。。。。

4.
（1）40s weaken
（2）逻辑链
Background：
Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars.
In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old.
Plan：
The government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.
Goal：
Boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution
（3）不想用旧车换新车，新车很贵
（4）A：不会再买个车，说明政府不太容易实现目标，contender
B：自己生产制造的车污染小，那人们会更不愿意换车，contender
C：跟出不出口没关系，loser
D：文章要讨论车排放污染这个问题，这里不说车了，扯远了，loser
E：制造业和scrap都会造成大量空气污染，这完全不能实现政府的两个目标，contender
注意，问题问的是那个选项削弱了计划的实施动机，所以选E

5.
（1）40s conclusion can be draw
（2）逻辑链
PW lay eggs in eggs of host insects exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host eggs
<1>too many——compete with each other
<2>too few——host kill the larvae
（3）PW is clever
（4）A：没提到host的size的问题，loser
B：没有说到host insect的信息，loser
C：PW针对不同的host放不同数量的eggs，contender——同E，文中并没有说PW通过什么方式知道应该放多少eggs
D：没有比较多了和少了那个死的更快，loser
E：没有信息说PW怎么判断eggs的数量，loser
所以，选C

jetyxo

1 22''  remise: people whose blood pressure are high are more nervous and anxious than other people
         conclusion: people with these traits are more likely to develop high blood pressure
        vulnerable  logic:  high blood pressure --->will lead to more nervous and anxious    
        answer
----------------------------------------------------------
2 33''  background: extensive  treval impediment use of electric cars
in order to encourage people to purchase electric cars, the electric cars producer provide free rental for every 1000 miles treval
  weaken: few people use electric cars drive 1000miles
 choices: A E both imply that electric cras owners ues their cars for short trip --->no need for long trival   --->sales promotion
 have no effect on these people
               C D irrelevant
          right answer: B  sales promotion will increase the sell price--->fewer people to buy
-------------------------------------------------------
3  27''  background: radiocarbon dating of a camp indicate that the time is between 1603-1755;
                               American and European  began trade at 1620'      
                premise: No trade good was found in that cramp ,so the camp date is no later than 1630
             support: Native  American wildly use the European goods in their life
        C D Eirrelevant ; A means European goods emerge in American earlier than 1620's ,but if Native Americans didn't use them wildly ,we cann't deduce the camp date no later than 1630.
        answer:B
---------------------------------------------------
4 27''  background:automobile emission accounts for lager portion of air pollution,and cars over five years generate more emissions
         premise: in T city, in order to stimulate economy and reduce air pollution, goverment command cars over 5 years must be replace with new one
          weaken:no effect on both stimulation and reduction
          AB -support    CD irrelevant   ANSWER:E
--------------------------------------------------------------------
5  32"  The number of eggs suitable to the size of host egg:  too many-->competition   too few---> rot
            conclusion?
           B C D E cann't deduce from the passage, so answer:A