【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-12】

hanhan1991

1.weaken
1)time:24s/51''
2)logical lines
people with highblood pressure are more nervous and anxious->these sense cause people have high blood pressure.
3)prediction:
it is high blood pressure that causes people nervius, the premise and conclusion in the argument are reversed.
4)Answer

2.weaken
1)time:42s/1''56'
2)logical lines:
electric vehicles can not be used for long-distance travel.
to attract more people use the electric cars->provide a free rental of ordinary cars to those who drive electric cars enough long.
3)Prediction:
the producer's strategy can not attract more people to use electric cars for the electric cars can not afford their daily commut distance.
4）answer:B
if the cost of the car are higher than in the past, it will not attract customers at all.

3.strenghten
1)time:1''06'/1''45'
2)logcal lines:
no European goods found in the newly excavated sites and trade begin in 1620 onwards->the site should be dated no later than 1930
3)Predication:
any other site dating later than 1630 all found European goods in it.
4)answer:B

4.weaken
1)time:37'/1''13'
2)logcal lines:
old cars produce more pollutant than new cars do
to stimulate the city's economy and reduce the pollutant->replace old cars with new ones.
3)replace old cars may produce more pollutants thus can not achieve its goal
4)answer:E

5.must be true
1)time:35'/
2)logical lines:
wasps lay their egg in exactly the right numbers based on the size of host eggs.
if lay too much, the wasp larvae will compete with each other
if lay too little, the host eggs will kill the larvae
3)Predication:
if the size of host eggs is large, wasps lay more eggs and vice visar.
4)answer:A

deniseya

1.原因结果
Time:30''/1'20''

P:people with high blood pressure tend to be anxious.

C:anxiouty causes high blood pressure

Guess:

Answer

2.侧面的威胁
Time:2'05''

P:电动车不能长途是它推广的主要障碍

C:电动车生产商打算顾客每骑1000米电动车就免费租三天汽车给他们

Guess:三天汽车也满足不了顾客

Answer:E-顾客主要做旅行用

（是B,因为顾客每周开100miles，生产商为了租用这个汽车要把成本加到顾客身上，所以涨价，所以太贵，所以不买。）

3.同例支持
Time:1'25''

P:没找到欧洲的货物，

C:说明它追溯到在欧洲贸易到达这里之前

Guess:

Answer:C-所以这里没找到就是没有
（B其他地方找到了就都是这个时间段的……C的话仔细想想是不对的，后面一直都在用不可能丢掉啊，干吗一定要保存第一个我去……）

4.另一种原因
Time:1’36''

P:车每到五年污染就会大量增多

C:强制每五年换一次新车

Guess:

Answer:E-制造这种车特污染，每5年换新的就要制造新车，大量污染

5.
Time:1'30''

P:W把蛋产到别的昆虫的窝里并且产跟该昆虫应产卵数量吻合的蛋

C:

Guess:W知道每种昆虫该产多少蛋

Answer:C-W从经验中习得究竟哪种昆虫该产多少蛋。
（我去再看一遍看懂了，竟然是下在蛋里面的！！就是蛋中蛋嘛！那显然不用计数了，只要确定自己的蛋比被寄生的蛋小就行了太慌张了我去……A是通过观察W的产卵行为我们可以知道它们能侵染的蛋的最小体积）

zxppx

1. People with high blood pressure are generally more
nervous and anxious than people who do not have
high blood pressure. This fact show that this
particular combination of personality traits—the so called
hypertensive personality—is likely to cause a
person with these traits to develop high blood
pressure.

The irrational line of reasoning is that HP and HBP share some similarities characteristics, the former cased the later. But no evidence provided by the passage can demonstrate the causal relationship.
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to
criticism on the grounds that the argument

(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”

There is a definition of the hypertensive personality.
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits

Not referred.
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.

Why should the author provide evidence to support that claim?
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.

Yes! Since hypertensive personality has some similarities with the symptoms about high blood pressure, the author inaccurately assumes that the personality causes the illness. BA
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have

Other personality traits are out of the scope of the argument.



45. (33847-!-item-!-188;#058&007123)
A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips. In an attempt to make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters, one electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Which of the following, if true, most threatens the plan's prospects for success?

(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.

Commercial purposes are out of scope of the argument.
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.

Although it seems irrelevant to the argument, it does points out a weakness in the argument. If the cost to the producer is too high, the plan will be less valid. BA

it will make the electric vehicles even more expensive than they already are (= worse)
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.

Actually, this choice strengthens the argument, rather than weakens.
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment.

Environment is not relevant.
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.

Some family vehicles are not representative.



46. (33987-!-item-!-188;#058&007200)
Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek. Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicates that the camp dates from sometime between 1605 and 1755. However, the camp probably dates to no later than 1630, since no European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.

The logical line of the reasoning is that since the bones indicates the camp dates from sometime between 1605 and 1755, and no goods from European trade which was active from the 1620’s onward were found at the site, the camp probably dates to no later than 1630.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.

Because there were no European trade goods at the site, the choice referring to those goods cannot help to strengthen the argument.
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.

Since all camps that have been dated to the late 1620’s have European trade goods, the camp without those goods should be dated to not later than 1630. BA
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.

It still cannot strengthen the argument.

'the first european trade goods to reach the area' may not have reached this particular camp. It is an important assumption!
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.

The first European explorers are out of the scope of the argument.
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.

The usage of the site is irrelevant to strengthen the argument.



47. (34035-!-item-!-188;#058&007207)
Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars. In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old. Aiming to boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution, the government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the likelihood that the planned incentives, if implemented, will achieve both of the cited aims?

(A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car.

It does strengthen the argument, rather than weaken.
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere.

The same to A.
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries.

Export is irrelevant to the argument, since the purpose is to boost Torinia’s economy and reduce air pollution.
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants.

It seems to be a contender, but a more thorough analysis reveals that even though the automobile emissions are not the largest source of atmospheric pollutants, the proposal will still be efficient to reduce the air pollutants.
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.

In this case, the proposal will be heavily weakened. BA



48. (34221-!-item-!-188;#058&007550)
Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg. If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space. If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.
Which of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the information above?

(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.

If it is untrue, the parasitic wasps cannot produce suitable population of eggs, thus weakening the first sentence in the argument. BA
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.

We cannot infer this from the argument provided.
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.

Learning is not referred in the argument.
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.

The speeds between these two are not referred.
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.

Visual clues are out of the scope of the argument.

CD用户825193

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1. People with high blood pressure are generally more
nervous and anxious than people who do not have
high blood pressure. This fact show that this
particular combination of personality traits—the socalled
hypertensive personality—is likely to cause a
person with these traits to develop high blood
pressure.
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to
criticism on the grounds that the argument
                                            ----------Cause and Effect Problems

30" (Weak)
P: Ppl have high blood pressure problem trend to get anxious/stressed more easily.
C: Ppl who have traits to get anxious easily tend to have higher possibility to get high blood pressure.
Pre: A->B ≠ B->A

Answers:(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”
   the argument does define it
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits
   it is a presume
   if the personality traits r permanent or not is not the issue
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.
   the point is not about the personality, but the cause and result effect relationship
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.
   CORRECT?
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have

   it's not about more personalities, but the cause or how does the author proofs the relationship


45. (33847-!-item-!-188;#058&007123)
A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.  In an attempt to make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters, one electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Which of the following, if true, most threatens the plan's prospects for success?


49+21" (Weak)
P: ppl who drive cars exclusively don't quite accept electric vehicle for occasionally long distance trip
P: producer offers 3 days free rental (of normal cars??) for every 1000 miles driving of electric vehicle.
C: it'll bring better sales
Pre: ppl may feel better driving cars with comparison with the electric vehicle right after.

Answers:
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.
   this point is mentioned, but not the reason to harm the sales strategy
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.
   ?
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.
   nothing mentioned about the offer
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment.
   irrelevant to the offer
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.
   this might support the offer, not to harm it.


46. (33987-!-item-!-188;#058&007200)
Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek.  Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicates that the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.  However, the camp probably dates to no later than 1630, since no European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?


41" (Support)
P: Carbon shows the newly evacated camp was dated between 1605 an 1755
P: no tools? found in that area, and tools? only existed 1620 onwards
C: the date shall be ealier than 1630
Pre: other evidence shows that after 1620 the ppl did use the tools? -> eliminate the possibility that the tools? never existed before or after 1620

Answers:
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.
   like this there should be some goods found with the camp
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.
   ? shows that the goods were there after the first trade time
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.
   how valuable the goods r doesn't help the argument
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.
   irrelevant, the argument is nothing about the explorers
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.
   nothing about the timelines


47. (34035-!-item-!-188;#058&007207)
Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars.  In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old.  Aiming to boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution, the government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the likelihood that the planned incentives, if implemented, will achieve both of the cited aims?


44" (Weak)
P: more than five years used cars generate more pollutants
P: there's a newly set up car manufacture plant
P: introduce incentives to let ppl change the cars after used five yrs, to buy new cars from the plant
C: will benefit both the environment and the new car plant
Pre: 1. more ppl will use cars -> more pollution
   2. ...

Answers:
(A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car.
   makes the plan more practical and meaningful
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere.
   support
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries.
   irrelevant, it's about inside the country
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants.
   the power plants r not the issue
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.
   CORRECT, if manufacuture also generate lots air pollutants, encourage more production will still make the air polluted as before.


48. (34221-!-item-!-188;#058&007550)
Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg.  If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space.  If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.
Which of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the information above?


50" (conclusion)
P: P lay their eggs into the egg of the host insect in exact the right numbers according to the host egg size
P: too many -> competition of larvae for nutrients and space -> many die;  too few -> the host egg decay -> many larvaes die

Pre: C: P have some special way to measure the host egg size?
        r able to control how many eggs to lay every time?

Answers:
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.
   ? not from the behavior, but from the numbers
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.
   defenses r not mentioned
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.
   nothing shows how P learn the skill...
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.
   which failure is worse can not be concluded from the fact
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.
   it's possible but no clue shows that.

pennyz

premise:people with high b p more nervous and anxious
conclusion:peole with certain traits(nervous and anxious) more likely to develop h b p
weaken:the connection between traits and disease is  not clear

(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”---------actally it defines the term
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits-------?
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.----give evidence in advance
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.-------correct
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have-------irrelevant

pennyz

1:27s
d
premise:people with high b p more nervous and anxious
conclusion:peole with certain traits(nervous and anxious) more likely to develop h b p
weaken:the connection between traits and disease is  not clear

(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”---------actally it defines the term
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits-------?
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.----give evidence in advance
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.-------correct
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have-------irrelevant
2:30s
premiseffer 3 days free rental for person who cover1000 miles
conclusion:to make el car more attractive
rephrase:?
e
1:56support
premise:no euro trade were found in camp
       euro came 1620s
conclusion:camp no more than 1630s
rephrase:they all trade with euro
b
1:34
conclusion:car >5 y pollute more than new cars
premise:incentive to scrap old cars and buy new ones
conclusion:boost economy and eliminate pollution
E

1:52
a
proper egg for size of host egg
more--->compete,death
less--->decay ,death

纽约我爱你

1~40s

Premise: people who have high blood pressure are more likely to be nervous.

Conclusion: people with the PT is more likely to have high blood pressure

Weaken: it doesn’t mean that nervous people are more likely to have high blood pressure

Answer: D 1’08’’

2~57s

Premise: 1.people don’t like to use electricity car because they can’t use it for long distance when ever they want

2. the company offer 3-day free rental car for people per 1000 meters by electricity car

Conclusion: people will use electricity car

Weaken: people prefer to use cars immediately

Answer: A 1’20’’

正解：B

A的话还要再推一步：一般用电动车都不远——要攒很长时间——不愿意用

3~31s

Premise: 1.the place was dated at 1605~1755

2.some E are found at the place(no E was found!)

3. the E were active from 1620

Conclusion: the place is dated no later that 1630

Support: the E hasn’t been there after 1630

Answer: A 1’10’’

正解：B

注意看题啊妞儿！no能看成some我也真是服了你了……orz

4~48s

Premise: 1.old cars will make air pollution

2.the city forces people to replace they cars over 5 years old with new cars

Conclusion: the environment and economy of the city will be improved

Weaken: the discarded old cars will cost a lot money to deal with and they will release pollution

Answer: E 1’10’’

5~37s

Premise: the wasp lays eggs in the host’s egg.

If too many, all will die.

If too few, the host will kill the wasp’s egg

Answer: A 1’00’’

最大的问题还是看不懂题啊啊啊，背单词！

Feelalive

feelalive到此一游~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Elisha728

7'58'
DBBED

Elisha728

The last question is a "must be true" question,D could not be determined from the passage & only A can. so A is correct.