【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-12】

jiajiajudy

第三题和第五题都挺模糊，没有想明白，怎么的思路呢
1. high blood pressure more nervous?Hyper? HBP
(A) irrelevant
(B) irrelevant
(C) no restate
D) takes a correlation between personality traits and high blood pressure as proof that the traits cause high blood pressure.
(E) irrelevant
2. BG: in ability to use EV
Premise: offer three days free rental of conventional care if they drive EV
(A) irrelevant
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.
(C)  strengthen
(D) irrelevant
(E) irrelevant
3. BG: NA camp excavated
Premise: camp dates between 1605-1755
No E trade goos were found, active in the region from 1620 ?no later than 1630
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.
(B) weaken
(C) irrelevant
(D) irrelevant
(E) irrelevant
4. BG: AE are a source of air pollutants , Car over 5 years generate greater than new cars
Premise: T built its 1st AMP, most cars over 5 years
Scrap old care every five years replace with new car? economy, reduce pollution
(A) irrelevant
(B) no effect
(C) irrelevant
(D) irrlevant
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.
5. BG: Pw lay eggs in to various host insect in right numbers for suitable size
Premise: too many? wasp larvae compete
            Too few? portion of host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae

(A) irrelevant
(B) irrelevant
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.
(D) irrlevant
(E) no effect

angelafeng

【精练】
1. 33s
Premise：People with high blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious than people who do not have high blood pressure.
Conclusion： this particular combination of personality traits—the so called hypertensive personality—is likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure.
Prephrase：（flaw）
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”---------------opposite
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits-------------permanent is not the argument’s issue
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.--------------there is no need to prove the hypertensive personality.
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.----------correct
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have----------irrelevant

【逻辑链】
45. (33847-!-item-!-188;#058&007123)
38s
Background information: A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.  
Premise : one electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Conclusion: make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters,
prephrase: (weaken)
Answer:B

46. (33987-!-item-!-188;#058&007200)
33S
background information: Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek.  Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicates that the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.  
Premise: no European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward
Conclusion: the camp probably dates to no later than 1630.
prephrase: ( strengthen) the style of the native American camp like that of European.
answer: B

47. (34035-!-item-!-188;#058&007207)
44S
background information: Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars.  In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old.  
Premise: the government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.
Conclusion: boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution
Prephrase: (weaken) produce new car will generate more air pollutants than the old car.
answer:E

48. (34221-!-item-!-188;#058&007550)
35s
premise: Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg.  
If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space.  
If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.
prephrase: (conclude)
Answer:C
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.

文中说下蛋数量由合适的宿主蛋的大小决定。A中Behavior指得是wasp下蛋多或者少，因此与原文吻合。

LuckyYolandaLi

1.
1）计时：36s

2）逻辑链：

Background information:

Premise: People with high blood pressure are generally more
nervous and anxious than people who do not have
high blood pressure.

Conclusion: this particular combination of personality traits—the socalled hypertensive personality—is likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure.

3）推测：The cause and the effect have been reversed.

4）选项分析：选D



2.
1）计时：65s

2）逻辑链：

Premise: A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.

Conclusion: In an attempt to make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters, one electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.

3）推测：People have occasional extended trips sporadically.

4）选项分析：选B

A: Irrelevant.

B: Correct.

C: 是Counteractive吗。。。没看懂。。。

D: Irrelevant. It only points out the advantage of using electric vehicle, but it has nothing to do with the conclusion.

E: Irrelevant.



3.
1）计时：49s

2）逻辑链：

Background information: Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek.  Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicates that the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.

Premise: no European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.

Conclusion: the camp probably dates to no later than 1630

3）推测：If the camp dates to later than 1630, some European trade goods would be found.

4）选项分析：选C（正确答案：B）

C: Correct.

D: Irrelevant.

E: Irrelevant.



4.
1）计时：50s

2）逻辑链：

Background information: Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars.

Premise: In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old.

Conclusion: Aiming to boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution, the government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.

3）推测：。。。

4）选项分析：选E

D: 刚开始选了这个。。。结论中不涉及到plants

E: Correct.



5.
1）计时：45s

2）逻辑链：

Background information: Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg.

Premise: If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space.  If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.

3）推测：。。。

4）选项分析：选C（正确答案：A）

A: Egg-laying behavior——Irrelevant.

B: defenses——Irrelevant.

C: Correct.

D: more quickly——Irrelevant.

E: visual——Irrelevant.

cleotina

1-12
7.4

45''
vulnerable
B:people with high blood presure are genetally more nervous and anxious than people who do not.
P:a anxious and nervous people tend to develop high blood presure
guess: a lead to B , but B can not lead to a
OA : C
AB: Irrelevant
DE: strong
（敢再2一些么？ 连题目要求是什么都没看清  不是vulnerable, 是vulnerable Criticism）


50''
treaten the proposal
B: the impediment to wide acceptance of the electric vehiclea are it can not support extende trips.
S: the company will offer a 3day free rental for every 1000 miles that they drive their electric vehicles
Guess:1 three day is too short; 2 1000 is too much for the daily commute
to use a rent car to a long trip is dengerous
OA : C
A: irrelevant
B: suspicious, but it is a topic about coast, the conslusion is focus on convenient.
D: Irrelevant
E: weaken the background
（错了，因为没有正确理解选项C的意思， 又比较犹豫B）



35''
strong
B: a site is found in a place, with some tools. and be dated the at 1605-1755
P: the tools is from place B, since B conmmunicate with A after 1920's
C: the site is after 1930
Guess: more proof to prove the infer. such as other things also found and which is definitely after 1930
OA:B
A:weaken
Others: irrelevant

52''
weaken
B: car be used over five years will discharge more exhaust than new cars
C: in order to improve the ecomomic and district the exhaust, advocate each car older than 5 should be replace
guess: the dispose the used the car will eliminate more pollute material than use longer, and if use a car for a long time will impede the economy develop
OA: E
A: strong
others: Irrelevant

40''
conclusion
B: 1, wasps lay eggs in other kind insect's nest, but in order to safe, it have to lay a proper number of eggs
R: too many, will lead to death since competition   too few, part of the host egg will decay, killing the wasp's
guess:Casp will know how many should to lay
OA:C
(预测错了，不过该题答案还是挺意外的，发散思维不够是 再琢磨)

Donts

1.计时47''premises:high blood pression-->more anxious and nervous.
conclusion:this combination of personality traits are more likely to cause high blood pressure.
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a“hypertensive personality” without providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlation between personality traitsand high blood pressure as proof that the traits cause high blood pressure.
正确。
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,ignoring other personality traits that people with high blood pressure might have

选择D
总结：This answer choice describes a classic error of causality: two events occurring
simultaneously are mistakenly interpreted to be in a causal relationship. 攻击点有点像因果型削弱里的答案们。

wanggang0411

1 33
Premise: People with high blood pressure are more nervous than people without it.
Conclusion: Hypertensive causes high blood presuure.
Weaken: Take a correlation between hypertensive and blood presure as proof that there is a causality.

2 more than 3 minutes
Premise: The inability of electric vehicles for extended trips impedes the acceptance of electric vehicle.
Plan: The electic vehicle producer plans to offer free rental of the conventional vehicle for every 1000 miles that comsumers drive their electric vehicle.
Weaken:
1. The plan of the argument assums that three days is quite enough for the period of extened tripes taken by commuters, and that those extended trips happend approximately only one time per 1000 miles commuting.
But if the extened tripes occupy more than three days such as one weaks or even more like one month, the tree days free rental is not sufficient to meet this requirement. Similarly, if people need to take extened trips more  frequently, the offer provided by producer is still not attractive and even inconvenience.
Based on the points discussed above, the producer need to inverstigate the requirement of commuters more accruately to establish a more reasonable offer.

Answer B: This answer chioce focuses on the cost of the offer, which will offset the profit of producer.


3 40
Premise: A camp dates between 1605 and 1755
Premise: No European trade goods were found.
Premise: European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.
Conclusion: The camp probably dates no later than 1630.
Support: 1. Support the premises by the evidence that European traders and relevant activities have been found before 1630.

Answer A: some European trade goods have reached the region before European traders themself, which means the camp maybe much earlier than 1630.

4 43
Premise: Old cars genenrate greater amounts of pollutans than new cars.
Premise: T built a new car manufacture and have lots of old cars.
Conclusion: The planed incentives that scrap the old car with new one will both eliminate the air polutants and boost T's economy.
Undermines the likelihood of double achiviements:
Because there are three factors in this argument such as government incentives, manufacturing plant and air pollutans,  so a possible counterproductive implementation would be that although provide a good compensation for citizen who replace their old cars, the cars manufactured by the new plant generate more air pollutant than 5 years old cars, and the quality is also worse, so most of citizen refuese to replace their old cars.

Answer E: this answer choice undermins one part of cited aims that the manufacture and the scrap of cars generate air pollutants.

5 51
Causality A: Too many eggs cause the death.
Causality B: Too few eggs cause the death.
Must be true:
Any answer chioce including new information is a incorrect answer.
Any answer chioce establishing mistaken reversal or mistaken negation is a incorrect answer.  
ABDE are irrelavent answers

chengzaaaa

1.
1)19”weaken
2)high BP person is more nervous and anxious than normal BP person.
People with hypertensive personality are likely to develop high BP.
3)reverse the cause and effect
4)D
5)A. they did identify
B.is not about permanent or not
C.prove this or not prove is okay
D. correct. The correlation is not a proof that the traits causes high BP
E.other traits is irrelevant

45.
1)40”weaken
2)electric cars can’t do long trips.
To make them more attractive, plan is to offer free rental of old cars for every 1000 miles of electric cars.
3)take long time for electric cars to make 1000miles
E B

46.
1)29”strengthen
2)found a camp. Animal bones says that the camp is 1605 to 1755.
No EU goods were found and EU trade was active there from 1620’s onwards. So the site is no later than 1630.
3)
A B

47.
1)36”weaken
2)cars older than 5 produce more pollutants than newer cars. T just built a car produce plant.
T tries to boost econ and reduce pollution, make incentives for Ters to replace old cars to replace new ones every 5 years.
3)not all Ters can afford.
D E

48.
1)31”conclusion
2)PW lay eggs in host eggs in exact the right number.
If too many eggs, then they compete with each other for nutrients and space.
If too few, part of host egg would decay, killing the larvae.
3)
C A



太惨败了。。。
谢谢lz。。。

srafcatt

今天的目标：不许因为误解句子的意思做错题。
精炼：46s weaken
BGwHBP---mN&A
reasoningwT---dHBP
People with these traits is likely to have high blood pressure during a short time then as they calm down,the blood pressure return to a relatively normal level.
choice:E
A even if the defination is given,it is not necessarily that the argument will go wrong.
B irrelevant
C so what,strenghten the argument?
D this information is against the fact
E correct
逻辑链
1.49s  weaken
BG：an obstacle to enlarge the buyers of electric vehicles is some car owners use cars as unique commuting instruments.
premise:use "free rental" for driving cars three days as an incentive
conclusion:those kind of people will buy electric vehicles.
use cars as an incentive? Ridiculous.
choice:B
A irrelevant
B correct
C irrelevant
D irrelevant
E irrelevant
2.32s strenghten
camp might be from time 1605-1755
probably before 1630
because:no E trade goods found which is active from 1620s
those goods can be protected by the soil perfectly
choice:A
A correct
B against the facts
C irrelevant
D irrelevant
E weaken
3.39s weaken
cars are pollutant sources
plan:scraping old cars encouraged
conclusion boost eco and decline the amount of pollutant
the new one consume higher-priced oil
choice:E
A strenghten
B strenghten
C irrelevant
D against the fact
E correct
4.51s
parasitic wasps lay eggs on host insects
premise:too few eggs----death
       too many eggs ----death
conclusion:
must be suitable
choice:C
A irrelevant
B irrelevant
C correct
D useless conclusion
E irrelevant

srafcatt

纠错：
精炼：本题的错误类型叫：强加因果。
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have

再次强调一下如何排除无关原文的选项：1.非常突兀的提出了一个貌似符合要求的信息，此信息与原文默认真实的信息完全没有关系。
                                                              2.逻辑链中的错误或加强或削弱等等一定要针对此逻辑展开讨论，不要总是一味寻找没有谈到的信息。很多时候（在逻辑题里），错误的原因是推理本身的问题，而不是speaker刻意隐瞒真实信息。
选D



逻辑链第二题
A说在trader来之前一些欧洲的货物就已经到达了，没说，干掉。
B说在camp里（注意这个对camp的修饰，如果所说camp和原文的camp没关系，这个选项就是无关答案了，但这个选项的时间和原文有关系），有一些欧洲的货物，这个选项整体谈的就是camp和欧洲那帮trader之间的关系，与原文所谈关系类似，留着。
C说第一批欧洲货被认为是很珍贵的并且尽可能避免被破坏，没说过，干掉。
D说第一批trader是紧随着第一批探索者之后就来的，没说过，干掉。
E说原文所说的那个地方用了几年后就被放弃了，原文没说过类似内容，干掉

A说在trader来之前一些欧洲的货物就已经到达了，没说，干掉。
B说在camp里（注意这个对camp的修饰，如果所说camp和原文的camp没关系，这个选项就是无关答案了，但这个选项的时间和原文有关系），有一些欧洲的货物，这个选项整体谈的就是camp和欧洲那帮trader之间的关系，与原文所谈关系类似，留着。
C说第一批欧洲货被认为是很珍贵的并且尽可能避免被破坏，没说过，干掉。
D说第一批trader是紧随着第一批探索者之后就来的，没说过，干掉。
E说原文所说的那个地方用了几年后就被放弃了，原文没说过类似内容，干掉

ElenW

精练1(37's)
pre:high blood pressure peopleare generally more nervous and anxious than people who do not
con:the socalled hypertensive personality is likely to cause a
person with these traits to develop high blood
pressure.
(weaken)
Pre:患了高血压的人总体上比没有患的人要容易紧张和不安,这是因为他们患了高血压后血压容易升高而引起的,并不是仅仅就和个人性格相联系.太牵强了
Ans
就好比是 P君有糖尿病 P君喜欢吃糖-->因为P君爱吃糖 所以P有糖尿病 这不是一定就成立的,还有可能是什么基因啊遗传啊之类产生的.
A-irrelevant-----应该是opposite answer
B-这个答案带入题中就又会被人攻击------- 应该是not an issue
C-not the issue-----Remember, the focus is not on the premises but where the author goes with the argument once a premise is created
E-irrelevant
对C.E选项的解释不太明白 求指点!!!!!
逻辑链
45(49'3)
Bg:A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.
prene electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle
(weaken)
Pre:For those people who are the inability to use electric vehicle for occasional extended trips ,they need a long term and cheap rent .Because they are unable to buy one .The 3 days free rent is not enough .
Ans:B (觉得这个答案最合适 可是怎么和我的思路不一样啊~~~~怎么思路又出问题了......为什么没有注意到1,000这个数字和commute的关系........)
A--文中已经明确说了这个可能性了,不能反驳条件
C-No impact
D-恰恰相反
E-support
46(35'8)
Bg:Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek which readiocarbon dates from some time between 1605 &1775
pre:since no European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.
con: the camp probably dates to no later than 1630
(strengthen)
Pre:没有思路 猜的
Ans:A 看看解释