【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-7】

echo-LUO

1. 精炼: WEAKEN
Background Information: a kind of turtles live and breed in different groups at somewhere in pacific & atlantic
Premise:95% DNA taken in Baja peninsula match those turtles at japanese nesting sites
Conclusion: juvenile turtles feed near Baja hatch in Japanese waters

(A) Nesting sites of loggerhead turtles have been found the Pacific coast of North America Several thousand kilometers north of the Baja peninsula.
(B) The distance between nesting sites and feeding sites of Atlantic loggerhead turtles is less than 5,000 kilometers.
(C) Loggerhead hatchlings in Japanese waters have been declining in number for the last decade while the number of nesting sites near the Baja peninsula has remained constant.
(D) Ninety-five percent of the DNA samples taken from the Baja turtles match those taken from Atlantic loggerhead turtles.
(E) Commercial aquariums have been successfully breeding Atlantic loggerheads with Pacific loggerheads for the last five
选择：D  Since the DNA can match turtles in Atlantic, we can also say juvenile turtles feed in Baja hatch in Atlantic. effectively weaken the conclusion above

逻辑链：
25. WEAKEN
Background Information: there are 2 period in Darfir Republic's history when the currency was weak, which led to the increase of Darfir's exports.
Premise: aim at increasing the exports again
conclusion: the government should allow the currency to become weak again.
猜想：1）两短历史时期的特殊条件；2）今时不同往日，降低汇率可能并不会提高出口；3）现在的出口量已经很高，无法再高了
(B) After several decades of operating well below peak capacity, Darfir's manufacturing sector is now operating at near-peak levels.
选项：B   this answer shows that Darfir cannot manufacture more products for export, so it can not achieve the aim hoping weak currency can increase exports.

26.
background information: in the past, although poor sanitation in M caused high mortality rates, immigration form rural village fuel the population
premise: today, the sanitation has been improved and immigration is still incresing
conclusion: In recent decades, the city's population has not significantly accelerated
猜想：不仅有流入和本地增长，可能因为经济原因或政策，很多本地人口外流
(B) For several decades, Megacity, as distinct from the countryside, has had a steadily declining birth rate.
选项：B   this is the only choice which can explain why the population stay steadily.

27.
background information: farmers refused to use seeds that are improved to survive without pesticides
because they require higher cost.
premise: but theses days, people prefer grains, fruits, and vegetables grown without the use of pesticides
conclusion: therefore, more farmers will be willing to use improved seeds
1 boldface: Unfortunately, the seeds themselves are quite expensive, and the plants require more fertilizer and water to grow well than normal ones. [ explanation for not using those expensive seeds ]
2 boldface: However, since consumer demand for grains, fruits, and vegetables grown without the use of pesticides continues to rise, the use of genetically engineered seeds of this kind is likely to become widespread. [ conclusion ]
(A) The first supplies a context for the argument; the second is the argument's main conclusion.
选项：A  the first boldface is part of the background information, the second boldface is what this context what to illustrate
正确答案：C
(C) The first presents a development that the argument predicts will have a certain outcome; the second acknowledges a consideration that weighs against that prediction.
选错原因：忽略了文中非常重要的一句话“ Thus, for most farmers the savings on pesticides would not compensate for the higher seed costs and the cost of additional fertilizer.”，这是第一个boldface得出的预测，但是后面另一个原因推翻了这个预测，给出了相反的预测。所以答案应该是C。
A选项错误的原因，第一个boldface支持的prediction并不是conclusion的argument

28.
background information: first-time buyers cost less and have smaller profit margin per computer than those non-first-time buyers
premise: profits grow but the sales volume and profit margin did't increase.
猜想：配件销售
(B) The number of people buying PXC computers who also bought PXC computer-related products, such as printers, was larger last year than the previous year.
选项：B
正确选项：D
(D) The proportion of PXC computers bought by first-time computer buyers was smaller last year than the previous year.
错选原因：这种题目要在文中找支持。因为第一次购买的price和margin profic低，所以第一次买的人少了，不是第一次的人就多了，profits increase
B选项是我自己想出来的文中没有支持的，但配件能卖多少？配件的利润高不高？这些都不确定

喜皮

1.--->44s
premise：because the gene of the turtles who are taken back from the Japanese Ocean is 95% similar to the turtle taken from the island.
conlusion:The longhead turtle hatch back to Japanese ocean in 1000km
bg:some info about the turtles.
prephrase:【mix up correlation and causation】weaken--->the result is not true/other reasons why 95% similarity/accidental thing
在这道题应该怀疑数据的可靠性，根据常识，大多数种类的基因是共通的。（这里是他因）
Airrelevent
Birrelevent
Cright
Dirrelvent
Eirrelevent
C选项偷换概念，将numbers、quantity换成了sites
D说第三种龟也跟他们有相同程度相似的基因

喜皮

感觉我是思路错了，有时候想的太复杂，其实最重要的还是读懂premise和conclusion再从题干上切入，不拐弯抹角直接针对conclusion（weaken、support）
2.--->46s
(A) Several of the politicians now recommending that the pundra be allowed to become weak made that same recommendation before each of the last two periods of currency weakness.
(B) After several decades of operating well below peak capacity, Darfir's manufacturing sector is now operating at near-peak levels.
(C) The economy of a country experiencing a rise in exports will become healthier only if the country's currency is strong or the rise in exports is significant.
(D) Those countries whose manufactured products compete with Darfir's on the world market all currently have stable currencies.
(E) A sharp improvement in the efficiency of Darfir's manufacturing plants would make Darfir's products a bargain on world markets even without any weakening of the pundra relative to other currencies.
E
- (e) irrelevant: the question asks us to undermine the politician's suggestion, not to suggest an alternative.不是提另一种选择方案
（c）is concerned with the effects of a rise in exports, and really has nothing to do with the cause of that rise. therefore, we can't tell whether it will have anything to do with the original aim of the recommendation.与题目要求不符
OA:B就算是weak again也没法加大出口量，因为生产能力有限。

3.--->29s
A) Mortality rates that were associated with poor sanitation in Megacity a hundred years ago were orders of magnitude higher than are mortality rates associated with vehicular traffic, which is currently a major cause of death in the city.
(B) For several decades, Megacity, as distinct from the countryside, has had a steadily declining birth rate.
(C) Cities smaller than Megacity have also experienced sustained population growth.
(D) The great majority of immigrants to Remsland settle in Megacity, at least initially.
(E) Megacity has long offered better employment prospects than most rural areas.

A
OA:B
now, SPECIFY what a correct answer needs to do:
A correct answer must work AGAINST population growth.虽然这里是explain题，但是可以用weaken的思路！！

basically, there are only three possibilities in the whole universe:
1/ More people are leaving (the passage mentions only immigration, not emigration);
2/ Not as many people are being born;
3/ More people are dying for some NEW reason.

(it's not ALWAYS possible to come up with such exact specifications... but, IF YOU CAN, you always should!)

once you have this, you can take one glance at choice A and say 'hmm, that's something that works TOWARD population growth.'
i.e., you want 'black', and A is 'white'.

4.--->28s
A) The first supplies a context for the argument; the second is the argument's main conclusion.
(B) The first introduces a development that the argument predicts will have a certain outcome; the second is a state of affairs that the argument denies will be part of that outcome.
(C) The first presents a development that the argument predicts will have a certain outcome; the second acknowledges a consideration that weighs against that prediction.
(D) The first provides evidence to support a prediction that the argument seeks to defend; the second is that prediction.
(E) The first and the second each provide evidence to support the argument's main conclusion.

C

5.--->45s
(A) PXC's competitors raised the prices on their computers last year, making PXC computers more attractive to first-time computer buyers.
(B) The number of people buying PXC computers who also bought PXC computer-related products, such as printers, was larger last year than the previous year.
(C) Among computer buyers who bought a PXC computer to replace their existing computer, the proportion who were replacing a computer made by a competitor of PXC was greater last year than the previous year.
(D) The proportion of PXC computers bought by first-time computer buyers was smaller last year than the previous year.
(E) PXC's production costs for its computers were lower last year than they had been the previous year.

A
OA:D
遗漏了题目第一句First-time computer buyers buying PXC home computers typically buy models that cost much less and have a smaller profit margin per computer than do PXC computers bought by people replacing their computers with more powerful models.背景也很重要啊！！！而且这个还是must be true题……题干也没看清

云栈

1.        42s
B：L乌龟居住在P或者A
P：B的乌龟的95%的DNA和日本海的一样
C：在B生长的的青年乌龟是在10000km外的日本海附近孵化的
推测：A的DNA也有95%和B的一样
选项分析：D
A: 乌龟在别的地方被发现与结论无关
B：A的乌龟的习性和B的无关
C: 可能B不光有日本海的乌龟还有别的地方的乌龟，但不能说明日本的乌龟没跑到B去
D: 证明B和A的乌龟也很像，也可能是从A跑来的不是从日本海
E: 无关

2.        40s
B：12年钱和5年前D的钱价值分别变低。
P：这两次变低都使得D的出口量增加
C：如果想使得D的出口增加就要降低他们的钱的价值
推测：因果关系颠倒了；证明即使钱变week，出口也不会增加
选项分析:B

3.        40s
B：M的人口稳步增长。 100年前因为卫生问题，这里的人口死亡里很高，后来周边村子的人移居到这里。
P：人口在持续增长，卫生状况也变好了
P: 然而人口增长速度没有变高
推测：村子里的人已经适应了卫生条件差的环境，卫生条件不会影响他们的死亡率，也不会影响增长率；出生率降低
选项分析：B

4.        50s
P: 科学家在crop的种子上用基因工程可以highly抵抗害虫
P: 然而这种种子和所需的肥料都很贵
P：农民从杀虫剂上省的钱还不够买种子和种子肥料
P：然而对于不用杀虫剂长大的植物的需求量变高，这种基因种子的使用将会被推广
第一部分讲了这个种子的缺点，用来反驳conclusion；第二部分support conclusion and conclusion
选项分析：C

5．50s
B：第一次买电脑的人一般会买比换电脑的人买的便宜并且利润低的电脑
P：去年电脑的利润比前一年明显高。价格没变，数量变化不大
推测：换电脑的人比第一次买电脑的多
选项分析：D

Lincy123

P：95%的B乌龟的DNA和日本海域的乌龟相符

C：太平洋的B乌龟在日本海域产卵

果因推理，找他因削弱。

A） 乌龟的窝在太平洋。无关

B） 吃的地方和产卵地方距离5000.无关

C） 日本水域产卵数量降低。B岛保持不变。无关

D）95%的B乌龟的DNA和Atlantic的乌龟相符。Correct

E） A和P可以一起breed

P：weak pundra

C：D国的出口量增长

削弱pundra和出口量的关系：找出口增长的他因

A） 让pundra weak的政治家过去几年也提出相同意见。无关

B） D国的制造业已经达到巅峰 – 待定

因为已经达到巅峰了，就算weak货币，也无法增加出口

C） 只有当货币强或者出口增长显著的情况下，出口经济增长才更健康。增强

D）跟D国竞争制造业的其他国家都有稳定的货币。 无关

E） D国制造业的高效率也可以增长出口量。Correct

错误，因为不能削弱货币的作用

城市卫生改善了很多，城市人口这几十年没有显著增长

Gap：可能有卫生之外的他因、城市居民搬走等

A） 交通事故是致死原因 correct

选项强调的是currently，但是结论是decades

B） 乡下出生率低。和城市无关

看错了，是城市出生率低，correct

C） 比M城小的也有这个问题。无关

D）大量移民进入城市 – 重复原题，增强

E） 城市比农村工作好 – 无关

B1:转基因种子很贵，需要更多肥料和水

B2:因为需求多，转基因种子很可能大量使用 – 作者论据+观点

B1和B2是对立的

A） B1是b2的背景，错

B） 第二个是作者否认的，错

C） Correct

D）变成b1支持b2了，错

E） 两个都是论据，错

PXC电脑的售价、毛利和数量不变

去年PXC的销售利润比前几年都高

Gap：毛利不变说明与价格和成本无关，可能非首次购买的人增加

A） 竞争对手涨价。无关，因为销售数量不变

B） 买电脑周边的变多了。无关，题目讨论电脑

C） 替换竞争对手的电脑的人的比例增加。无关

D）第一次购买的人比例减少。Correct

E） 成本降低，无关。