【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-1】

zly2011

刚才不小心按了回车 。。。。
4  80s
premise volves live in a larger group   from late autumn through winter; while living in a smaler group from spring through early autumn
conclusion 由于年轻的死亡率不同
推测 not due to other elements
选项分析 A 削弱 B 无关 C削弱 D 削弱 E 正确

5  37S
premise background dolphin feeeding program
conclusion the offspring live shorter
推测 the offspring can not get food by themselves
选项分析 A 无关比较 B无关 C 无关D 无关E正确

第一次做 不知道对不对

sherryli

Question 1:
Premise:  He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to
him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
Conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
Prephase: Case differences –If the cased assigned to Carl are very tougher than others, the conclusion is weaken.
A.    Correct.
B.    Irrelevant
C.    Strengthen the conclusion on a certain level
D.    Strengthen the conclusion
E.    Irrelevant

Question 2:

Premise:: Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite
Conclusion: Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
Laboratory requires distinctive conditions of temperature and laboratory       give a test case for evaluating the state of the Earth’s crust

If the fullerenes found in nature did not exist in Earth, it will weaken the conclusion.
A.    Irrelevant
B.     Irrelevant
C.    Irrelevant
D.    Correct
E.    Irrelevant

Question 3:

Premsie: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling. this treatment program will cost $12,500
Conclusion: and thus cannot be justified.
Emergency treatment for a fall cost $11,000  Therapeutic program cost $12,500         this treatment cannot  be justified

If the fall cost exceeds the therapeutic, it will weaken the conclusion.
A.    Irrelevant
B.    Irrelevant
C.    Correct
D.    Irrelevant
E.    Irrelevant

Question 4:
Background: The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.
Premise: Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
Conclusion: seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.        The seasonal variation in group size
If we can explain why they have seasonal variation in mortality among young voles ( premise is correct), we can support this conclusion.
A.    Irrelevant
B.    Irrelevant
C.    Irrelevant; only refers to spring
D.    Irrelevant
E.    Correct. Because during spring and early autumn their predator are active, the amount of young voles died often.  So they live in far smaller groups. In late autumn and winter, because lack of predator, few voles died, so they live in large groups.

Question 5:

Fact 1: A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
Fact 2: . Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.

Why offspring of dolphins have the lower life expectancy? If dolphins that get used to get food from the feeding program forgot how to catch food in the wild, we will die once they have to survive by themselves. Or if the dolphins got food from the feeding program did not have too many chances to teach their offspring how to prey in the wild, probably it will be a reason why their offspring have a short life expectancy.

a.    Irrelevant. What we concern is to compare the offspring of dolphins that benefit from the feeding program and the offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild. We are not talking about the reason the amount difference in different areas.
b.    Irrelevant.
c.    Irrelevant.
d.    Irrelevant.
e.    Correct

FB小贝

【1】Premise:he has solved a smaller percentage of cases than any other detective on the police force
Conclusion:he is incompetent
weaken-- the cases are very hard
A.right
B.irrelevant
C.strengthen
D.strengthen
E.irrelevant
【2】
Premiseaboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure. Fullerenes have been found in nature.
Conclusion:This discovery give geologists a test case of the state
weaken--differences between nature and laboratory
A.irrelevant
B.irrelevant
C.irrelevant
D.right
E.irrelevant
【3】
Background: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.
Premise: A new program reducing an elderly person's chances of falling cost12500
Conclusion: cannot be jusified
weaken-- the benefit of the programm is very good
A.irrelevant
B.irrelevant
C.right
D.irrelevant
E.strengthen
【4】
Premise: spring through early autumn, most voles live in far smaller groups.
Conclusion: it is caused by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
Strengthen--mortality during that time is high
A.irrelevant
B.irrelevant
C.irrelevant
D.irrelevant
E.right
【5】
Premise:many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day  there.
Conclusion: their offspring have a lower life expectancy than wild ones.
Explain(support): ability to get food
A.weaken
B.irrelevant
C.irrelevant
D.irrelevnnt
E.right

dwindwin1106

(1)P: C has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years than any    other detective on the police force.
   C: C is an incompetent detective.
   Weaken: The case assigned to him may be very difficult, taking him longer time to solve than the  others.
  Answer: A
A.Correct ------ with the content in this answer, the premise given above fails to lead to the conclusion, weakening the argument.
B.Irrelevant ------ what C used to be does nothing with the argument.
C.Strengthen ------ C solve cases more slowly than his colleagues, even with the same resources, proving C is an inefficient detective. Thus strengthen the argument.
D.Strengthen ------ another example that proves C solve cases slowly.
E.Irrelevant ------ the status of the other officers does nothing with the argument.

(2)P: F have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite, although they were first found in the lab.
   : Lab synthesis of F requires distinctive conditions of T and P
   C: this discovery should give g a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed
  Weaken: the conditions and synthetic method of F may be different from those in nature.
  Answer: D
A.irrelevant
B.irrelevant
C.correct
D.irrelevant
E.strengthen

(3)P: the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000
   : new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling and will cost $12,500
   C: the program cannot be justified.
   Weaken: there are more costs other than emergency treatment costs if an elderly person is injured because of a fall.
   Answer: C
A.Irrelevant
B.Irrelevant
C.Correct
D.Irrelevant
E.irrelevant

(4)P: PV breeds year-round. a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.
   : PV live in large groups from autumn through winter; live in smaller groups from spring through early autumn
   C: The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
   Strengthen: the mortality among young voles during these two periods is different.
   Answer: E
A.irrelevant
B.Irrelevant
C.Irrelevant
D.Irrelevant
E.Correct

(5)P: In a dolphin feeding program, fish are given to dolphin several times a day. Many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
   : dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived
   C: their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
   Strengthen(explain): these dolphins have inferior adaption ability
   Answer: E
A.weaken
B.Irrelevant
C.Weaken
D.Irrelevant
E.correct

iaoinging

精炼：1. 32s
          2.premise: Carl solved only 1 out of 25 cases in the last 3 years.
            Conclusion: Carl is an incompetent detective.
          3. 不能因为C只solve的数量少就说C incompetent，也许别人比他更少，也许这一个很重要。
          4.A
         BDE为无关选项，C反而是支持文章的。
第二篇
1). 35s
2). Background: F was first found in the laboratory, also has been found in the nature.
    Premise: 在实验室里产生F这种东西需要气温和气压的分离之类的东西。
conclusion：a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
3）.其实就是implyF这种东西的产生环境在实验室是这样，那么在自然界也这样咯。可是题目忘记考虑自然界环境与实验室环境的差异。如果F在自然界不需要类似实验室的条件。
4）D
 ABC为无关选项。E反而是支持文章的观点。
第三篇：1）. 39 s
2）. 平均花费11000如果有一位老人fall。有一个项目可以帮助老人减少摔倒的可能，却要花费12500来formed this program。所以不划算。
3）. 题目中的花费11000只是emergence treatment，也就不包括老人摔倒之后所需的一切花费。所以11000与12500是没有可比性的。
4）. C
ABDE都是无关选项
第四篇：
1）.37s
2）.一种PV的rodent动物，在不同季节有不同群居的生活习惯。秋冬大队一起住，而从春天到初秋小对一起住。
conclusion：The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
3）.支持这个解释的点必须显示出两者之间有关系，也就是文中的现象就是由于文中结论而产生的。答案应该要显示出不同季节young V的不同。
4）.E
BCD都是无关选项，好排除，
A比较有迷惑性，可以这样想，产生A的原因很多，可以是春夏年少的V比较多，也可以是成年的V比较少。所以A错。
第五篇：
1）48s
2）有一个喂食海豚的项目。很多海豚每天的一半食物来自于这个项目。第一代benenfit from这个项目的海豚都很好，然而他们的后代就不好了比其offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
3）没思路。

由于没电脑，有pad答得好艰辛哦。原谅我第一次格式不正确吧。加上第五题答案显示不出来，所以目有思路。对不起对不起。明天一定正儿八经做

janexiaochi

计时：24S

premise: He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to
him in the last 3 years than any
other detective on the police force.

conclusion:carl is a incompetent detective

简化模式：because carl solved small precentage of cases , so he is a incompetent detective

推测：even though he has solved small percentage of cases , he is not  a incompetent detective 。找一个选项能够证明他并不是不合格的

选项分析：A 。因为分给 carl 的都是难的case，所以虽然破案率低，但是不能说明他不合格。

janexiaochi

弱弱的问一句，正确答案在哪里啊？

Hyo1ee

第一次跟帖，不知道格式对不对~
逻辑链：conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective
         remise: He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to
                    him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any
                    other detective on the police force
         WEAEN: the case Carl handled are difficult than other detectives
                  He had an long vacation during the last three year.
选A
B 提到过去，无关 C resource 无关 D 提到过去，无关E 提到题目范围以外的人，无关

2.
P：Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.  Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
C: this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed
Undermine：the fullerenes found in nature are not from the earth
           The conditions created in laboratory cannot simulate the conditions in nature
选B
A:是一个动作，没有结论，不能否定或证明什么
B．不是从地球上来的故不能说明地球的crust的状况，切断逻辑链，其他原因导致结果
C．说mineral 能够形成F的原因，与逻辑链无关
D．说f的结构，无关
E．说的是S的形成条件，无关


3.
P: A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.
On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. this treatment program will cost $12,500
C: cannot be justified
逻辑链:emergency treatment 贵11000----program 可以减少emergency-----program 更贵----不合理
Undermine：emergency带来的成本不仅仅是treatment
            Program可以减少大于两起emergency
            Program的作用可以维持很多年
            Program有规模效应  

A．逻辑链之外，无关
B.  无关
C． 正确。否定前提
D．program 的机理，无关
E．program的成本的一部分，增长快慢，无关
4.
P:Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
C: The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
逻辑链:seasonal variation in mortality----seasonal variation in group size----large group in winter, smaller group from spring to early autumn
SPPORT: mortality during winter is greater?
        No other reasons for large group in different seasons
(A)正确
(B) 无关
(C)时间上对不上
(D) 无关
(E) 无关，没提到young v

5.
P:A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
C: Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
逻辑链:参加feeding program healthy, long-lived ----?-------offspring shorter-lived than wide
possible Explain: less exercise 不能产生健康生殖细胞？
A.    不能解释
B.    不能解释
C.    无关
D.    不能解释
E.    正确

纸鸢飞离

（1）时间：19.3''
(2)Background information：没有找到，感觉直接就是论据了
Premise：He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned tohim in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than anyother detective on the police force.
Conclusion：Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
weaken: Carl's work's quality is very good. Even better than others.
Answer:A because it explains that Carl should handle some difficult problems, so that he lag far behind the quantity.
B: the conclusion is irrelevant with the matters happened before he became a detective.
    C:irrelevant
    D:support
    E:irrelevant
第二题：
1)看题：42.1''
(2)Background information：Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
Premise：Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure,
Conclusion： this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.

(3)Weaken ther reasons could affect this fullerenes' form.

(4)Right :B
In other conditions, where the fullerenes could be formed. Weaken the premise.
A:retell the premise
  C:irrelevant
  D:irrelevant
  E:support


第三题：
读题：40''
Background information: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.
Premise:Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500
Conclusion:thus cannot be justified.
there are other reasons make the program cannot be justified.
Right answer：C，the costs in premise is not the final costs, there are other costs
A：irrelevant
 B：irrelevant
 D:irrelevant
 E:irrelevant
第四题：
1)读题：38''
background information:The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.
    remise:Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
    Conclusion: The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.(4)right:E
A:irrelevant
  B:irrelevant
  C:irrelevant
  D:weaken
第五题：
(1)读题：28.3''
background information:A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
Conclusion:Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
Explaination: something except the program took the negative influence on the offspring's life expectancy.
Right :E explain the indirect reason that leads to the offspring's life expectancy.
A:irrelevant
  B无关
  C：support
  D：irrelevant

spencerX

精练
1.A
Premise:
Carl has solved fewer cases than his colleagues
Conclusion:
Carl is an incompetent detective
推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Maybe the cases assigned to Carl are more difficult than those assigned to other detectives.
选项分析：
A. Correct. Since the cases assigned to Carl are those other detectives failed to solve, then it is reasonable to infer that these cases are very time- consumed. So there is another reason that can account for the fewer cases Carl solved, and the argument will be serious weakened.
B. We know that when Carl was a neighborhood police, he was respected by the residents of the neighborhood he patrolled, so it is reasonable to infer that he is a competent neighborhood police, but we cannot infer that he will also do well in the position of a detective. So the argument cannot be weakened. This answer is actually out of scope.
C. Carl should have solved more cases provided that all the detectives on the police force on which Carl serves are provided with extensive resources. So the argument may be strengthened rather than weakened.
D. If Carl did worse in another police in the 4 years he spent there, then he may not be a competent detective there. But what he did before is not relevant to the situation we discussed here. So the choice cannot weaken the argument ,actually it may support the argument if Carl does not improve his skills in solving a case.
E. What we talked about here is whether Carl is an competent detectives, so the information about his colleagues cannot weaken the argument.

逻辑链
2.C
Background Information:
F can be found both in nature and laboratory.
Premise:
F found in the laboratory needs conditions such as temperature and pressure.
Conclusion:
Scientists can use F as a tool to evaluate the state of the Earth’s crust at the time F were formed.
推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
F formed in the laboratory are different from those formed in nature.
3. C
Background Information:
The average cost of emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall is $11,000. A new program can decrease the chance of falling.
Premise:
The treatment will cost $12,500.
Conclusion:
The treatment cannot be justified.
推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Emergency treatment cannot cure the elderly person, and they must spend more money after the emergency treatment.
4. E
Background Information:
The p vole always live together and form an extended family.
Premise:
Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter but in small groups from spring to early autumn.
Conclusion:
The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
a. When season changes, the mortality among young voles change.
b. There are no other reasons can account for the seasonal group size change.
5.E
Background Information:
There is a program to feed dolphins. The offspring of dolphins feeding at the beach have lower life expectancy compared to other young dolphins.
推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
The genes have been changed?

第一题做过的，所以写的还比较详细。
看到答案了， 错了一道...研究去

错误原因：没有读懂题目（a text case)