【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑5-17】【OG10】

balapupu

电脑网络都慢的要死·····原本想不上网了··突然想起今天发帖··没办法，。。。我等吧。。
115. Many people argue that tobacco advertising plays a crucial role in causing teen-agers to start or continue
smoking. In Norway, however, where there has been a ban on tobacco advertising since 1975, smoking is at
least as prevalent among teen-agers as it is in countries that do not ban such advertising.
Which of the following statements draws the most reliable conclusion from the information above?
(A) Tobacco advertising cannot be the only factor that affects the prevalence of smoking among teen-agers.
(B) Advertising does not play a role in causing teen-agers to start or continue smoking.
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(C) Banning tobacco advertising does not reduce the consumption of tobacco.
(D) More teen-agers smoke if they are not exposed to tobacco advertising than if they are.
(E) Most teen-agers who smoked in 1975 did not stop when the ban on tobacco advertising was implemented.
116. Laws requiring the use of headlights during daylight hours can prevent automobile collisions. However,
since daylight visibility is worse in countries farther from the equator, any such laws would obvisouly be more
effective in preventing collisions in those countries. In fact, the only countries that actually have such laws are
farther from the equator than is the continental United States.
Which of the following conclusions could be most properly drawn from the information given above?
(A) Drivers in the continental United States who used their headlines during the day would be just as likely to
become involved in a collision as would drivers who did not use their headlights.
(B) In many countries that are farther from the equator than is the continental United States poor daylight
visilibty is the single most important factor in automobile collisions.
(C) The proportion of automobile collisions that occur in the daytime is greater in the continental United States
than in the countries that have daytime headlight laws.
(D) Fewer automobile collisions probably occur each year in countries that have daytime headlight laws than
occur within the continental United States.
(E) Daytime headlight laws would probably do less to prevent automobile collisions in the continental United
States than they do in the countries that have the laws.
117. A company’s two divisions performed with remarkable consistency over the past three years: in each of
those years, the pharmaceuticals division has accounted for roughly 20 percent of dollar sales and 40 percent of
profits, and the chemicals division for the balance.
Which of the following can properly be inferred regarding the past three years from the statement above?
(A) Total dollar sales for each of the company’s divisions have remained roughly constant.
(B) The pharmaceuticals division has faced stiffer competition in its markets than has the chemecials division.
(C) The chemicals division has realized lower profits per dollar of sales than has the pharmaceuticals division.
(D) The product mix offered by each of the company’s divisions has remained unchaged.
(E) Highly profitable products accounted for a higher percentage of the chemicals division’s sales than of those
of the pharmaceuticals divisions.
118. According to a review of 61 studies of patients suffering from severely debilitating depression, a large
majority of the patients reported that missing a night’s sleep immediately lifted their depression. Yet
sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression even though the conventional treatments, which use drugs and
electric shocks, often have serious side effects.
Which of the following, if true, best explains the fact that sleep-deprivation is not used as a treatment for
depression?
(A) For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night’s sleep induces a temporary sense of
euphoria.
(B) Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people who are not depressed.
(C) Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable to that induced by
consuming several ounces of alcohol.
(D) The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular
changes in brain chemistry.
(E) Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes.

balapupu

115.
If tobacco advertising were the only factor that affected teenage smoking, there would be a difference in the
prevalence of smoking between countries that ban such advertising and those that do not. According to the
passage, there is no difference, so tobacco advertising cannot be the only factor. Therefore, choice A is the best
answer.
Since no information is given about what effect, if any, the Norwegian ban on tobacco advertising had on
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teenage smoking in Norway, none of choices B through E can be concluded, since each makes some claim
about the effects of tobacco advertising, or of banning such advertising, on teenage smoking or on tobacco
consumption.
116.
Since the laws are more effective in countries farther from the equator than the United States, the laws would
probably do less to prevent collisions in the United States than they do in the countries that now have such
laws—countries that are all farther from the equator than the United States. So choice E is the best answer.
The passage does not indicate that the use of headlights during the day is totally ineffective, so choice A is
incorrect. No information is given about the importance of daylight visibility relative to other causes of collisions,
so choice B is incorrect. The passage contains no quantitative information for comparing the United States to
countries that have the laws, so neither C nor D is correct.
117.
The pharmaceuticals division made 40 percent of the profits on only 20 percent of the sales, while the chemicals
division, making up the balance, made 60 percent of the profits on 80 percent of the sales. Thus, the chemicals
division made a lower profit per dollar of sale than the pharmaceuticals division, as choice C asserts. Choice C is
the best answer.
The passage provides no information about total dollar sales, so choice A is incorrect, nor about the severity of
competition, so choice B is incorrect. Similarly, no information is provided about the mix of products offered, nor
about the breakdown between highly profitable and not highly profitable products in either division, so neither
choice D nor choice E is correct.
118.
The more severely sleep-deprived a patient would be, the more likely it would be that the patient would,
whenever possible, catch at least a few minutes of sleep, and according to choice E, depression would then
return in full force. This could explain why sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression, so choice E is the
best answer.
If sleep-deprivation could be used as an effective treatment for severely debilitating depression, the benefit
derived would be so great that the occasional extra benefit of euphoria (choice A), the need for expending some
extra effort (choice B), the occasional drawback of impaired judgment (choice C), and the lack of thorough
scientific understanding (choice D) would each be a comparatively insignificant consideration.

fox0923

辛苦了，bala~~

shelvey

来顶队长的帖子啊~~顺便给明天占位，

ugly5552000

115.Background: many people that tobacco advertising plays an important role in tempting teenagers to start or continue smoking.
Information: since 1975 when the tobacco advertising has been banned in Norway, smoking among teenagers is as prevalent as in those countries where tobacco advertising has not been banned.
Conclusion: the tobacco advertising does not play a role that crucial.
A
116.Background: government requires that using headlights during daytime hours can prevent automobile collisions.
Information1: the using headlights laws are obviously effective in those countries far from equator.
Information2: the only countries have such laws are farther from the equator than those in continental U.S.
Consequence: the laws might not be that effective in continental U.S
E
117.Background: in each of the past three years, the pharmaceuticals division has accounted for about 20% of dollar sales and 40% of profits, and the chemicals division for the balance.
Premise: the products in pharmaceuticals division are more profitable than those in chemicals division.
C
118.Background: the majority of 61 patients suffering from severely debilitating depression claimed that lost of a night’s sleep lifted the depression right away.
Information: sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression even though the conventional way.
Premise: sleep-deprivation will make things wores.
E

fox0923

115.
23s
P: The tobacco advertising causes the prevalence of teenager smoking.
C: However, the tobacco advertising is banner in Norway, the teenage smoking still remained the same as those countries without banning these advertising.
C: The advertising ban is not effective in Norway.
错了~~
(A) Tobacco advertising cannot be the only factor that affects the prevalence of smoking among teen-agers.
--> this might be the assumption, but not the conclusion.(this can be considered as assumption)
(B) Advertising does not play a role in causing teen-agers to start or continue smoking.
--> contender (the passage doesn't talk about the start or continue smoking for teenagers)(C) Banning tobacco advertising does not reduce the consumption of tobacco.
--> the passage doesn't mention the consumption.
(D) More teen-agers smoke if they are not exposed to tobacco advertising than if they are.
--> this cannot be concluded from the passage.
(E) Most teen-agers who smoked in 1975 did not stop when the ban on tobacco advertising was implemented.
--> there's no comparison between the before and after circumstances.


116 .
26s
P: The headlight law is proposed in the countries further from the equator.
C: US also has such law, but it is closer to the equator.
I: The headlight will not be as effective as it in the countries farther from the equator.


(A) Drivers in the continental United States who used their headlines during the day would be just as likely to
become involved in a collision as would drivers who did not use their headlights.
-->collision is irrelevant to the effect of headlight.
(B) In many countries that are farther from the equator than is the continental United States poor daylight
visilibty is the single most important factor in automobile collisions.
--> we are not talking about the factor that causes the collision in US.
(C) The proportion of automobile collisions that occur in the daytime is greater in the continental United States
than in the countries that have daytime headlight laws.
--> we don't know about this info.
(D) Fewer automobile collisions probably occur each year in countries that have daytime headlight laws than
occur within the continental United States.
--> there's no record about this info.
(E) Daytime headlight laws would probably do less to prevent automobile collisions in the continental United
States than they do in the countries that have the laws.
--> right.




117做过很多次了~


118.
32s
P: Missing one night's sleep will life patient's depression.
C: However, the sleep deprivation cannot treat the patient's depression, although other drugs and electrical treatments have side effects.
S: Sleep deprivation will cause even serious depression after a certain period.


(A) For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night’s sleep induces a temporary sense of
euphoria.
--> this is to weaken the argument.
(B) Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people who are not depressed.
--> the difficulty is irrelevant.
(C) Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable to that induced by
consuming several ounces of alcohol.
--> contender: but it doesn't talk about the relation between depression and the sleep deprivation.
(D) The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular
changes in brain chemistry.
--> irrelevant.
(E) Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes.
--> yeah!