【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑5-16】【OG10】

UlysessHope

逻辑每日一练

106.
Property taxes are typically set at a flat rate per $ 1,000 of officially assessed value. Reassessments should be frequent in order to remove distortions that arise when property values change at differential rates. In practice, however, reassessments typically occur when they benefit the government – that is, when their effect is to increase total tax revenue.
If the statements above are true, which of the following describes a situation in which a reassessment should occur but is unlikely to do so?
(A) Property values have risen sharply and uniformly.
(B) Property values have all risen – some very sharply, some less so.
(C) Property values have for the most part risen sharply yet some have dropped slightly.
(D) Property values have for the most part dropped significantly; yet some have risen slightly.
(E) Property values have dropped significantly and uniformly.

107.
The number of patents granted to inventors by the United States Patent Office dropped from 56,000 in 1971 to 45,000 in 1978. Spending on research and development, which peaked at 3 percent of the gross national product (GNP) in 1964, was only 2.2 percent of the GNP in 1978. During this period, when the United States percentage was steadily decreasing, West Germany and Japan increased the percentage of their GNP’s spent on research and development to 3.2 percent and 1.6 percent, respectively.
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information above?
(A) There is direct relationship between the size of a nation’s GNP and the number of inventions it produces.
(B) Japan and West Germany spent more money on research and development is directly related to the number of inventions patented in that nation.
(C) The amount of money a nation spends on research and development is directly relocated to the number of inventions patented in that nation.
(D) Between 1964 and 1978 the United States consistently spent a larger percentage of its GNP on research and development than did Japan.
(E) Both West Germany and Japan will soon surpass the United States in the number of patents granted to investors.

108.
When three Everett-owned Lightning-built airplanes crashes in the same month, the Everett company ordered three new Lightning-built airplanes as replacements. This decision surprised many in the airline industry because, ordinarily when a product is involved in accidents, users become reluctant to buy that product.
Which of the following, if true, provides the best indication that the Everett company’s decision was logically well supported?
(A) Although during the previous year only one Lightning-built airplane crashed, competing manufacturers had a perfect safety record.
(B) The Lightning-built airplanes crashed due to pilot error, but because of the excellent quality of the planes there were many survivors.
(C) The Federal Aviation Association issued new guidelines for airlines in order to standardize safety requirements governing preflight inspections.
(D) Consumer advocates pressured two major airlines into purchasing safer airplanes so that the public would be safer while flying.
(E) Many Lightning Airplane Company employees had to be replaced because they found jobs with the competition.

109.
Recently a court ruled that current law allows companies to reject a job applicant if working in the job would entail a 90 percent chance that the applicant would suffer a heart attack. The presiding judge justified the ruling, saying that it protected both employees and employers.
The use of this court ruling as part of the law could not be effective in regulating employment practices if which of the following were true?
(A) The best interests of employers often conflict with the interests of employees.
(B) No legally accepted methods exist for calculating the risk of a job applicant’s having a heart attack as a result of being employed in any particular occupation.
(C) Some jobs might involve health risks other than the risk of heart attack.
(D) Employees who have a 90 percent chance of suffering a heart attack may be unaware that their risk is so great.
(E) The number of people applying for jobs at a company might decline if the company, by screening applicants for risk of heart attack, seemed to suggest that the job entailed high risk of heart attack.

110.
Robot satellites relay important communications and identify weather patterns. Because the satellites can be repaired only in orbit, astronauts are needed to repair them. Without repairs, the satellites would eventually malfunction. Therefore, space flights carrying astronauts must continue.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the argument above?
(A) Satellites falling from orbit because of malfunctions burn up in the atmosphere.
(B) Although satellites are indispensable in the identification of weather patterns, weather forecasters also make some use of computer projections to identify weather patters.
(C) The government, responding to public pressure, has decided to cut the budget for space flights and put more money into social welfare programs.
(D) Repair of satellites requires heavy equipment, which adds to the amount of fuel needed to lift a spaceship carrying astronauts into orbit.
(E) Technical obsolescence of robot satellites makes repairing them more costly and less practical than sending new, improved satellites into orbit.

UlysessHope

106.
If most property values have dropped significantly, but some have risen slightly, a reassessment should occur
(since values have changed at different rates) but is unlikely (since it will not benefit the government). Thus
choice D describes the required situation and is the best answer.
According to the passage, choices A and E describe situations in which there is no need for a reassessment,
since change has occurred uniformly. Similarly, choices B and C both describe situations in which a
reassessment should occur, and is likely to, since the government will benefit.
107.
From 1964 to 1978, spending on research and development never fell below 2.2 percent of the GNP in the
United States and never rose above 1.6 percent in Japan. Therefore choice D follows from the information given
and is the best answer.
Since no information is provided about the size of the GNP of any of the countries mentioned, neither choice A
nor choice B is supported. The amount of information given about numbers of patents granted is insufficient to
establish any general relation between spending and numbers of patents, so choice C is unsupported; and given
that there is no information about the number of inventions patented in Japan and West Germany, choice E is
not supported either.
108.
Everett’s decision is most logically well supported if the crashes were not due to deficiencies in the planes,
particularly if there is evidence that the airplanes provide significant protection to occupants in the event of a
crash. Thus choice B is the best answer.
Choices A and E are incorrect because each suggests that the decision might be ill founded. Competing
manufacturers’ models might actually be safer (choice A), and Lightning might have lost its most able
employees-those able to get new jobs (choice E). Choice C is incorrect because it provides no reason for
preferring Lightning-built airplanes to other makes of airplane. Choice D is incorrect because, though it
underscores the advisability of buying safe airplanes, it offers no evidence that the airplanes that Everett bought
were safe.
109.
The ruling would be ineffective in regulating employment practices if it could never be used to justify rejecting
some application. According to choice B the ruling cannot be applied in a legally acceptable way. Thus choice B
is the best answer.
None of the other choices casts doubt on the effectiveness of the ruling. Choice A suggests that the judge’s
justification for the ruling would be unavailable in many situations but not that the ruling itself would be ineffective.
Choice C raises the possibility that there might be further rulings of a similar nature in the future. Choice D
concerns employees, not job applicants; its concern is thus outside the scope of the ruling. Choice E describes
one indirect effect on the job market that might stem from the ruling.
110.
The argument presented in support of manned spaceflights rests on the notion that astronauts are needed to
repair satellites. If sending up a new, improved satellite is less costly and more practical than repairing an old
one, however, as choice E states, the argument is weakened. Choice E is therefore the best answer.
None of the other choices gives any reason to think that manned spaceflights are not a necessity, so none of
them is correct. Choice A describes one consequence of not repairing satellites, while choice B refers to another
tool that weather forecasters use in addition to satellites. Choice C describes the circumstances in which
defending manned spaceflight has become an issue, and choice D states a practical, but not insuperable,
difficulty faced by flights intended for repair projects.

南瓜0729

好久没来做作业了 今天时间紧 就偷懒不写上来逻辑链了~~
最近must be true的题老是做不对。。

balapupu

这么快~~~前天作业还木有补完啊啊啊啊~~~

fox0923

这么快~~~前天作业还木有补完啊啊啊啊~~~

-- by 会员 balapupu (2011/11/10 22:46:15)

昨天给自己放假了~木有做作业~
今天先弄SC，还有要开始数学了，之后再来补作业~