Tiger beetles are such fast runners that they can capture virtually any nonflying insect. However, when running toward an insect, the beetles intermittently stop, and then, a moment later, resume their attack. Perhaps they cannot maintain their pace and must pause for a moment's rest; but an alternative hypothesis is that while running tiger beetles are unable to process the resulting rapidly changing visual information, and so quickly go blind and stop.
Which of the following, if discovered in experiments using artificially moved prey insects, would support one of the two hypotheses and undermine the other?
Traces of cultivated emmer wheat have been found among the earliest agricultural remains of many archaeological sites in Europe and Asia.The only place where the wild form of emmer wheat has been found growing is a relatively narrow strip of southwest Asia
.Since the oldest remains of cultivated emmer wheat yet found are from village sites in the same narrow strip, it is clear that emmer wheat was first domesticated somewhere in that strip.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
(A) The present day distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia.
(B) Modern experiments show that wild emmer wheat can easily be domesticated so as to yield nearly as well as traditionally domestic strains.
(C) At the time when emmer wheat was first cultivated, it was the most nutritious of all the varieties of grain that were then cultivated.
(D) In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture.
(E) It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia.
选D,但是我把所有的选项都排除了…… 求大牛指导！！
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Tiger beetles are such fast runners that they can capture virtually any nonflying insect.However, when running toward an insect, the beetles intermittently stop, and then, a moment later, resume their attack.Perhaps they cannot maintain their pace and must pause for a moment's rest; but an alternative hypothesis is that while running tiger beetles are unable to process the resulting rapidly changing visual information, and so quickly go blind and stop.
Which of the following, if discovered in experiments using artificially moved prey insects, would support one of the two hypotheses and undermine the other?C
(A) When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetle that has been chasing it, the beetle immediately turns and runs away without its usual intermittent stopping.
(B) In pursuing a moving insect, the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction, and pause equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline.
(C) The beetles maintain a fixed time interval between pauses, although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.
(D) If, when a beetle pauses, it has not gained on（逼近，超过） the insect it is pursuing, the beetle generally ends its pursuit.
(E) When an obstacle is suddenly introduced just in front of running beetles, the beetles sometimes stop immediately, but they never respond by running around the barrier.
前提1：cultivatedemmer wheat have been found among the earliest agricultural remains of manyarchaeological sites in Europe and Asia 前提2：wild form ofemmer wheat只生长在arelatively narrow strip of southwest Asia 前提3：oldest remainsof cultivated emmer wheat yet found are from village sites in the same narrowstrip 结论：emmerwheat was first domesticated somewhere in that strip
First domesticated的必要条件那个地方要存在wild form of emmer wheat，根据前提2知道现在在narrow strip ofsouthwest Asia有wildform of emmer wheat，但是不知道以前是否也生长wild form of emmer wheat。 选项D说气候从developmentof agriculture之前到现在几乎没变化，于是就加强了在农业发展之前narrowstrip of southwest Asia也有wild form of emmer wheat的假设。
需要测试的情况是pursuing a moving insect，所以ADE无关，先排除； B: “usually respond immediately tochanges in the insect's direction”削弱了假设2 “while running ……unable to adequately processthe resulting rapidly changing visual information”. “pause equally frequently whether thechase is up or down an incline” 削弱了假设1”must pause for a moment's rest”，因为up和down两种方向的移动消耗能量不一样，需要休息的时间长短会有区别。 C: “The beetles maintain a fixed timeinterval between pauses… the beetle increases its speed after its next pause” 削弱假设1”mustpause for a moment's rest”，因为beetle逐渐提高速度，能量消耗会变大，则pauses之间的间隔应该逐渐变短，以缓解加速带来的疲惫。 “The beetles maintain a fixed time intervalbetween pauses”加强了假设2“while running ……unable to adequately processthe resulting rapidly changing visual information”, 因为不能处理快速移动的图像信息，所以每次都需要停下来一个固定时间段来进行图像信息的处理。 这道题感觉出的不好，需要利用常识：速度越快，向上坡度越陡，能量消耗越大，需要休息的时间越长。
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发表于 2011-10-27 10:24:35
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