【每日阅读训练——速度越障6系列】【6-10】

superbat28

下午就坐飞机去广西了。。我就提早把今天文章发了哈。
貌似我真心好久没有做作业了。。貌似我也真心感冒没有好。。大家加油~~


计时1
STEVE EMBER: Welcome to THE MAKING OF A NATION – American history in VOA Special English. I'm Steve Ember.
On a cold October day in nineteen fifty-seven, the Soviet Union launched a small satellite into orbit around the Earth. Radio Moscow made the announcement.
RADIO MOSCOW: "The first artificial Earth satellite in the world has now been created. This first satellite was today successfully launched in the USSR."
The world's first satellite was called Sputnik 1. Sputnik was an important propaganda victory for the Soviets in the Cold War with the United States.
Many people believed the nation that controlled space could win any war. And the Soviet Union had reached outer space first.
The technology that launched Sputnik probably began in the late nineteenth century. A Russian teacher of that time, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, decided that a rocket engine could provide power for a space vehicle.
In the early nineteen hundreds, another teacher -- American Robert Goddard -- tested the idea. He experimented with small rockets to see how high and how far they could travel. In nineteen twenty-three, a Romanian student in Germany, Hermann Oberth, showed how a spaceship might be built and launched to other planets.
Rocket technology improved during World War Two. It was used to produce flying bombs.
Thousands of people in Britain and Belgium died as a result of V-1 and V-2 rocket attacks. The rockets were launched from Germany. The larger V-2 rocket had the ability to hit the United States.
After the war, it became clear that the United States and the Soviet Union -- allies in wartime -- would become enemies in peacetime. So, both countries employed German scientists to help them win the race to space.   （字数：284）

计时2
The Soviets took the first step by creating Sputnik. This satellite was about the size of a basketball. It got its power from a rocket. It orbited Earth for three months.
Within weeks, the Soviets launched another satellite into Earth orbit, Sputnik 2. It was much bigger and heavier than Sputnik 1. It also carried a passenger: a dog named Laika. Laika orbited Earth for seven days (but died after several hours.)
The United States joined the space race about three months later. It launched a satellite from Cape Canaveral, in the southeastern state of Florida. This satellite was called Explorer 1. It weighed about fourteen kilograms. Explorer One went into a higher orbit than either Sputnik. And its instruments made an important discovery. They found an area of radiation about nine hundred-sixty kilometers above Earth.
The next major space victory belonged to the Soviets. They sent the first man into space. In April nineteen sixty-one, cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin was launched in the vehicle known as Vostok. He remained in space for less than two hours. He landed safely by parachute near a village in Russia.
Less than a month later, the United States sent its first astronaut into space. He was Alan Shepard. Shepard remained in space only about fifteen minutes. He did not go into Earth orbit. That flight came in February, nineteen sixty-two, with John Glenn.
By nineteen sixty-five, the United States and the Soviet Union were experimenting to see if humans could survive outside a spacecraft. In March, Russian cosmonaut Alexei Leonov became the first person to do so. A strong tether connected Leonov to the spacecraft. The tether gave him oxygen to breathe. And it permitted him to float freely at the other end.   （字数：289）

计时3
After about ten minutes, Leonov had to return to the spacecraft. He said he regretted the decision. He was having such a good time!
A little more than two months later, an American would walk outside his spacecraft. Astronaut Edward White had a kind of rocket gun. This gave him some control of his movements in space. Like Leonov, White was sorry when he had to return to his spacecraft.
Later that year, nineteen sixty-five, the United States tried to have one spacecraft get very close to another spacecraft while in orbit. This was the first step in getting spacecraft to link, or dock, together. Docking would be necessary to land men on the moon. The plan called for a Gemini spacecraft carrying two astronauts to get close to an unmanned satellite.
The attempt failed. The target satellite exploded as it separated from its main rocket. America's space agency decided to move forward. It would launch the next in its Gemini series. Then someone had an idea: why not launch both Geminis. The second one could chase the first one, instead of a satellite. Again, things did not go as planned.
It took two tries to launch the second Gemini. By that time, the first one had been in orbit about eleven days. Time was running out. The astronauts on the second Gemini moved their spacecraft into higher orbits. They got closer and closer to the Gemini ahead of them. They needed to get within six hundred meters to be considered successful.
After all the problems on the ground, the events in space went smoothly. The two spacecraft got within one-third of a meter of each other. The astronauts had made the operation seem easy. （字数：285）

计时4
In January nineteen fifty-nine, the Soviets launched a series of unmanned Luna rockets. The third of these flights took pictures of the far side of the moon. This was the side no one on Earth had ever seen. The United States planned to explore the moon with its unmanned Ranger spacecraft.
There were a number of failures before Ranger 7 took pictures of the moon. These pictures were made from a distance. The world did not get pictures from the surface of the moon until the Soviet Luna 9 landed there in February, nineteen sixty-six.
For the next few years, both the United States and Soviet Union continued their exploration of the moon. Yet the question remained: which one would be the first to put a man there. In December, nineteen sixty-eight, the United States launched Apollo 8 with three astronauts. The flight proved that a spacecraft could orbit the moon and return to Earth safely.
The Apollo 9 spacecraft had two vehicles. One was the command module. It could orbit the moon, but could not land on it. The other was the Lunar module. On a flight to the moon, it would separate from the command module and land on the moon's surface. Apollo 10 astronauts unlinked the Lunar module and flew it close to the moon's surface.
After those flights, everything was ready.
NASA ANNOUNCER: "Twelve ... eleven ... ten ... nine ... ignition sequence start ... six ... five ... four ... three ... two ... one ... zero. All engines running. Liftoff. We have a liftoff. Thirty-two minutes past the hour, liftoff of Apollo 11."
On July sixteenth, nineteen sixty-nine, three American astronauts lifted off in Apollo 11. On the twentieth, Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin entered the Lunar module, called the Eagle. Michael Collins remained in the command module, the Columbia.  （字数：306）

计时5
The two vehicles separated.
It was a dangerous time. The Eagle could crash. Or it could fall over after it landed. That meant the astronauts would die on the moon.
Millions of people watched on television or listened on the radio. They waited for Armstrong's message.
NEIL ARMSTRONG: "Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed."
The Eagle has landed. Then they waited again. It took the astronauts more than three hours to complete the preparations needed to leave the Lunar module.
Finally, the door opened. Neil Armstrong climbed down first. He put one foot on the moon. Then, the other foot. And then came his words, from so far away:
NEIL ARMSTRONG: "That's one small step for man. One giant leap for mankind."
STEVE EMBER: That's one small step for man. One giant leap for mankind.
WALTER CRONKITE: "Man on the Moon. Oh, boy! Whew, boy!
RADIO COMMUNICATIONS: "OK, were gonna be busy for a minute."
CBS Television newsman Walter Cronkite shared the excitement that he and so many people felt as man first walked on the surface of the moon.
Years later, Cronkite would remember the historical significance (importance) of that moment in nineteen sixty-nine.
WALTER CRONKITE: "It's hard, I think, to imagine our emotions at the moment. It really was something that had to grip you. It was as if you could have stood at the dock and waved goodbye to Columbus. You knew darn good and well that this was the real history in the making."
Armstrong walked around. Soon, Aldrin joined him.
NASA RADIO COMMUNICATION: "They're setting up the flag now."
The two men placed an American flag on the surface of the moon. They also collected moon rocks and soil.  （字数：286）

自由阅读
When it was time to leave, they returned to the Eagle and guided it safely away. They reunited with the Columbia and headed for home. The United States had won the race to the moon.
WALTER CRONKITE: "The thing that made this one particularly gripping was that sense of history -- that, if this was successful, this was a date that was going to be in all the history books, for time evermore. I think we sensed that at the time, sitting there at the Cape [Canaveral], watching that great beast get on its way, that this was it."   （字数：99）

越障！~

The future of Fermilab
A sunset before a sunrise

FOR 26 years before the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was fired up in 2009 at CERN, Europe's main particle-physics laboratory, near Geneva, the discipline was dominated by the Tevatron, the pride and joy of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, on the outskirts of Chicago (and, amusingly, next door to Geneva, Illinois). The machine was the first to smash particles at energies in excess of one trillion electron-volts—or 1TeV, whence its name. It nabbed plenty of subatomic exotica, including the top quark, a heavier cousin of the up quarks found in atomic nuclei, and made precise measurements of assorted fundamental physical parameters.
On September 30th, around 2pm central time, the venerable particle smasher will be put to rest (see article in this week's print edition). Some scientists get philosophical about its demise. “Experiments are like lifeforms,” muses James Gates, a noted physicist and one of Barack Obama’s scientific advisers. “They have lifetimes.” They are also rendered obsolete by newer, niftier kit; for all its might, the Tevatron pales in comparison to the LHC. And keeping it alive would have meant $30m-60m less for other promising projects at Fermilab. Pier Oddone, Fermilab’s Peruvian-born director general, wouldn't have it.
There will be no shortage of mourners. Roger Dixon, who heads Fermilab’s accelerator division, is planning a small wake after the last beam is aborted. Yet many of Fermilab’s boffins are not overcome with grief. For a start, the Tevatron detectors may not be recording any new collisions, but there are enough data to keep researchers at CDF and D-Zero busy for up to two years. They will be poring over petabytes of information for hints of, among other things, the elusive Higgs boson which is thought to be responsible for giving other particles their mass.
More importantly, a slew of new projects is in the offing. The laboratory—and, by the same token, the United States—may be throwing in the towel in the high-energy ring, admits Dr Oddone. But he believes it will soon be pushing what he dubs the "high-intensity frontier", focusing on what is emerging as the hottest thing in physics: mysterious particles called neutrinos. These tiny beasts continue to baffle physicists, most recently by appearing to travel faster than light.
Dr Oddone has spent the past few years planning for life after the Tevatron. This has allowed Fermilab to avoid major upheaval. There will be few lay-offs: a handful of veteran researchers have agreed to early retirement and a bunch of younger ones are moving to industry, which is only too keen to snap them up. One accelerator physicist who worked on the Tevatron has accepted a position operating tabletop accelerators used in cancer therapy at a hospital in California. For specialists like this, securing a well-paid job in the private sector is not hard. Companies are eager to tap their experience and know-how. Every time a budgetary squeeze is announced firms flood Fermilab with requests (unheeded) to place job offers in its internal communications channels.
Most of the 960 or so researchers, engineers and IT professionals on Fermilab’s payroll will be manning the new projects. Some will aid their colleagues already working on prototype components for the International Linear Collider (ILC), the next big thing in physics. Congress will be reluctant to host the ILC, which would entail doling out half of the $20 billion it is expected to cost. In the sombre global economic climate it is far from assured that the ILC will get off the ground elsewhere. (Though Japan seems especially keen, having been pipped by France as the site for an experimental fusion reactor.) If it does not, however, the accelerator technology developed for it would still be used for Project X, a planned Fermilab accelerator which would produce the world's most intense neutrino beams.
A more immediate worry is an exodus of talent not employed directly by the laboratory. The number of scientists and students from the United States and abroad who are employed by other academic institutions but do their research at Fermilab is expected to drop by several hundred over the next few years, from around 2,000 today. Many have been helping with other experiments on site. Their loss will be felt. The hope is that they will be back once new experiments come on stream towards the end of the decade. Before then, though, many researchers and doctoral candidates, who need to analyse data to gain their degree, will stay away.
Others, though, may join the one-third of roughly 1,000 CDF and D-Zero physicists who already moonlight at CMS, a big LHC detector. One attraction is an exact replica of the CMS operating room—complete with identical arrangements of computer displays and even furniture as that on the CERN campus. It is a godsend for American institutions which can send their researchers to work on the LHC without them having to set foot in Switzerland, with its painfully high living costs, compounded by the strength of the Swiss franc. (It also ensures that when they do visit CERN they can get cracking there without having to relearn the ropes.) The seven-hour time difference between Batavia and Switzerland means that fewer people on either side of the Atlantic need to endure wearisome nightshifts; another similar facility was opened in Beijing earlier this year to make physicists’ lives even easier.
And, for all the warranted excitement surrounding the LHC, plenty of physicists prefer Fermilab’s smaller, closer-knit collaborations. There, any one individual holds greater sway than in the several-thousand-strong LHC behemoths like CMS.
All this means that, at least in the short run, life in Batavia will not change out of all recognition on October 1st. It might be a tad quieter, and the scientific focus may shift somewhat, though to no less exciting areas. In the longer term, the fate of both Fermilab and American physics depends of whether Congress can be persuaded that there is still a lot that mankind does not understand about the universe—and that Americans ought to contribute to furthering that understanding. Even if it costs billions of dollars.

yuantengxuanwu

沙发占好再来读

南瓜0729

呀呀 我还说怎么这么早就有更新了呢  占板凳

UlysessHope

满屏的字母。。。 = =|  额~我已经晕了~~~

板凳沙发木有了。。。

yuantengxuanwu

堕落了两天，从这个阅读开始加油
50''
1'05''
1'01
59''
1'

bananazoo

原来Bat这么舒爽。。。广西之旅~
速度：美苏的航天竞争~
1'22
1'23
1'26
1'25
1'23
累~困。。。。

bananazoo

越障。。。
，今天表示好困，有些读不下去~看了一半。。。
After G was fried up in 2009, the Fermilab dominate the...
S is a machine in F. and a lot of idea nabbed by it.
But S will put a rest. because it has "lifetime" and keep it alive will cost a lot.
many people feel sorry for it.
。。。。。。。。。清醒再看。。。

daisyの小夢想

1:05
1:07
1:18
1:02
1:06
0:20

daisyの小夢想

10:26
1. The history of LHC
LHC was fired up 26years ago..
2. the researchers supports to update the studyreduce T and study new things
reason: explain philosopically
but still have not found any new things to study, all though there's a two-year programm
3. The way to learn more
a. scientists at F were not overcome with grief
b. the Job situation, easy to find regular job.
But they also favor other big companies.
4. exodus of talents are expected to join the research.

又困了 =^= 一困脑子就动不了。。

fox0923

1‘15”
1’10“
1’05”
1’10“
52”
16“