【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑3-16】【Verbal分册】

UlysessHope

近期由楼主接替kid为大家继续贴题~~~很荣幸

今日作业是Verbal分册 25-28，AA寂静一道



25. Which of the following most logically completes the reasoning?

Either food scarcity or excessive hunting can threaten a population of animals. If the group faces food scarcity, individuals in the group will reach reproductive maturity later than otherwise. If the group faces excessive hunting, individuals that reach reproductive maturity earlier will come to predominate. Therefore, it should be possible to determine whether prehistoric mastodons became extinct because of food scarcity or human hunting, since there are fossilized mastodon remains from both before and after mastodon populations declined, and__.

(A) There are more fossilized mastodon remains from the period before mastodon populations began to decline than from after that period

(B) The average age at which mastodons from a given period reached reproductive maturity can be established from their fossilized remains

(C) It can be accurately estimated from fossilized remains when mastodons became extinct

(D) It is not known when humans first began hunting mastodons

(E) Climate changes may have gradually reduced the food available to mastodons





26. Editorial: The mayor plans to deactivate the city's fire alarm boxes, because most calls received from them are false alarms. The mayor claims that the alarm boxes are no longer necessary, since most people now have access to either public or private telephones. But the city's commercial district, where there is the greatest risk of fire, has few residents and few public telephones, so some alarm boxes are still necessary.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the editorial's argument?

(A) Maintaining the fire alarm boxes costs the city more than five million dollars annually.

(B) Commercial buildings have automatic fire alarm systems that are linked directly to the fire department.

(C) The fire department gets less information from an alarm box than it does from a telephone call.

(D) The city's fire department is located much closer to the residential areas than to the commercial district.

(E) On average, almost 25 percent of the public telephones in the city are out of order.





27. State spokesperson: Many businesspeople who have not been to our state believe that we have an inadequate road system. Those people are mistaken, as is obvious from the fact that in each of the past six years, our state has spent more money per mile on road improvements than any other state.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the reasoning in the spokesperson's argument?

(A) In the spokesperson's state, spending on road improvements has been increasing more slowly over the past six years than it has in several other states.

(B) Adequacy of a state's road system is generally less important to a businessperson considering doing business there than is the availability of qualified employees.

(C) Over the past six years, numerous businesses have left the spokesperson's state, but about as many businesses have moved into the state.

(D) In general, the number of miles of road in a state's road system depends on both the area and the population of the state.

(E) Only states with seriously inadequate road systems need to spend large amounts of money on road improvements.





28. Company Alpha buys free-travel coupons from people who are awarded the coupons by Bravo Airlines for flying frequently on Bravo airplanes. The coupons are sold to people who pay less for the coupons than they would pay by purchasing tickets from Bravo. This marketing of coupons results in lost revenue for Bravo.

To discourage the buying and selling of free-travel coupons, it would be best for Bravo Airlines to restrict the

(A) number of coupons that a person can be awarded in a particular year

(B) use of the coupons to those who were awarded the coupons and members of their immediate families

(C) days that the coupons can be used to Monday through Friday

(D) amount of time that the coupons can be used after they are issued

(E) number of routes on which travelers can use the coupons





AA 由于楼主刚弄作文，之前一直没有关注AA，若跟前面几期每日逻辑练习有重题，还请大家见谅啊~

贴上本月寂静一道：

Argument: Take Heart建了个新游泳池然后usage增加12%，建议继续增加facilities成为only center

原题：The following appeared as part of a business plan created by the management of the Take Heart Fitness Center:

“After opening the new swimming pool early last summer, Take Heart saw a 12 percent increase in the use of the center by its members. Therefore, in order to increase membership in Take Heart, we should continue to add new recreational facilities in subsequent years: for example, a multipurpose game room, a tennis court, and a miniature golf course. Being the only center in the area offering this range of activities would give us a competitive advantage in the health and recreation market.”(102)




PS： 最近经常熬夜啊~熬夜的时候只能听一会儿音乐继续做题~（也不知道这样效率是高是低。。 = = ）不知道有木有和我一样的童鞋？
发首音乐吧 中文古风一首~歌词很古风 音乐很古风~~~（很有冲动把歌词贴上。。。囧）
最近一直听的一首 我觉得不错哈~

UlysessHope

解析：

25. Which of the following most logically completes the reasoning?

Either food scarcity or excessive hunting can threaten a population of animals. If the group faces food scarcity, individuals in the group will reach reproductive maturity later than otherwise. If the group faces excessive hunting, individuals that reach reproductive maturity earlier will come to predominate. Therefore, it should be possible to determine whether prehistoric mastodons became extinct because of food scarcity or human hunting, since there are fossilized mastodon remains from both before and after mastodon populations declined, and__.

(A) There are more fossilized mastodon remains from the period before mastodon populations began to decline than from after that period
(B) The average age at which mastodons from a given period reached reproductive maturity can be established from their fossilized remains
(C) It can be accurately estimated from fossilized remains when mastodons became extinct
(D) It is not known when humans first began hunting mastodons
(E) Climate changes may have gradually reduced the food available to mastodons

Argument Construction

Situation：In a population of animals, food scarcity causes later reproductive maturity; if that population is hunted excessively, earlier-maturing animals will be more numerous in the population.
Reasoning：What point would most logically complete the argument? For the information given to be of use in determining what caused mastodons' extinction, mastodon fossils would need to indicate the age at which mastodons reached reproductive maturity, since that is what the argument suggests can indicate cause of extinction. If fossilized remains exist from before and after mastodon populations began to decline, and if the age at which those fossilized mastodons reached reproductive maturity can be determined, then we will have a good idea of what caused their extinction: if they reached reproductive maturity late, it was probably food scarcity, but if they matured earlier, it was most likely hunting.
A This fact only helps indicate that there was a decline; it tells us nothing about what caused the decline.
B Correct. This statement properly identifies a point tha t logically completes the argument: it explains how the fossilized mastodon remains could be used to help determine what caused mastodons' extinction.
C The point at which mastodons became extinct is not part of this argument, which is concerned with the cause of their extinction. The only way in which this could be relevant to the issue at hand is if mastodons became extinct before humans took up hunting mastodons-but the argument includes no information on whether this was so.
D Not knowing when humans began hunting mastodons would have no effect on the argument, which is concerned with how mastodon fossils, combined with knowledge about how food scarcity and hunting affect mastodon reproductive maturity, can help determine how mastodons became extinct.
E This fact only shows that food scarcity may have led to mastodon's decline. It tells us nothing about whether fossilized remains can help determine whether it was food scarcity or human hunting that actually led to the decline.

The correct answer is B.


26. Editorial: The mayor plans to deactivate the city's fire alarm boxes, because most calls received from them are false alarms. The mayor claims that the alarm boxes are no longer necessary, since most people now have access to either public or private telephones. But the city's commercial district, where there is the greatest risk of fire, has few residents and few public telephones, so some alarm boxes are still necessary.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the editorial's argument?
(A) Maintaining the fire alarm boxes costs the city more than five million dollars annually.
(B) Commercial buildings have automatic fire alarm systems that are linked directly to the fire department.
(C) The fire department gets less information from an alarm box than it does from a telephone call.
(D) The city's fire department is located much closer to the residential areas than to the commercial district.
(E) On average, almost 25 percent of the public telephones in the city are out of order.

Argument Evaluation
Situation：The mayor considers fire alarm boxes unnecessary since most people have access to public or private phones. An editorial argues that some boxes should be kept in the commercial district since the district has few residents and few public phones.
Reasoning：What point weakens the editorial's argument? Even if there are few private or public telephones available in the commercial district, it may be that alarm boxes are not necessary. What if alternative systems to notify the fire department are already in place in the commercial district? If the commercial buildings are already using automatic fire alarm systems that are directly linked to the fire department and provide automated notifications, then the alarm boxes are indeed unnecessary.
A The editorial's argument is about the necessity of alarm boxes in the commercial district. This statement only tells us how costly those boxes are; it does not indicate that they are not necessary.
B Correct. This statement properly identifies a weakness in the editorial's argument.
C This statement is beside the point, since the argument indicates that it is not likely that the fire department will receive a telephone call regarding a fire in the commercial district.
D The greater distance that the fire department must travel to the commercial district addresses the importance of response time; this point does not weaken the argument.
E Alarm boxes would be more necessary, not less, if public telephones were frequently out of order, so this statement supports the editorial.

The correct answer is B.


27. State spokesperson: Many businesspeople who have not been to our state believe that we have an inadequate road system. Those people are mistaken, as is obvious from the fact that in each of the past six years, our state has spent more money per mile on road improvements than any other state.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the reasoning in the spokesperson's argument?
(A) In the spokesperson's state, spending on road improvements has been increasing more slowly over the past six years than it has in several other states.
(B) Adequacy of a state's road system is generally less important to a businessperson considering doing business there than is the availability of qualified employees.
(C) Over the past six years, numerous businesses have left the spokesperson's state, but about as many businesses have moved into the state.
(D) In general, the number of miles of road in a state's road system depends on both the area and the population of the state.
(E) Only states with seriously inadequate road systems need to spend large amounts of money on road improvements.

Argument Evaluation
Situation: A state spokesperson responds to the criticism that the road system is inadequate by observing that the state has spent more money per mile on road improvements than any other state has spent.
Reasoning: What point undermines the spokesperson's reasoning? When might heavy spending on road improvements not result in an adequate road system? I f the state has needed to spend more money on road improvements than any other state, it suggests that its roads have needed more improving than those in any other state. The high level of state spending on road improvements provides evidence only that the road system was in dire need of improvement and not that it has yet achieved adequacy.
A A slower rate of increases in spending doe s not contradict the spokesperson's statement that the state has spent more than others, and it offers no information on the adequacy of the road system.
B The argument is about the adequacy of the road system, not about finding employees, so this point does not undermine the argument.
C Since the road system is not mentioned as a reason that businesses left the state or came to it, this point is irrelevant to the argument.
D This background information about area and population does not affect the argument about the adequacy of the road system.
E Correct. This statement properly identifies a point that undermines the spokesperson's reasoning.

The correct answer is E.


28. Company Alpha buys free-travel coupons from people who are awarded the coupons by Bravo Airlines for flying frequently on Bravo airplanes. The coupons are sold to people who pay less for the coupons than they would pay by purchasing tickets from Bravo. This marketing of coupons results in lost revenue for Bravo.
To discourage the buying and selling of free-travel coupons, it would be best for Bravo Airlines to restrict the
(A) number of coupons that a person can be awarded in a particular year
(B) use of the coupons to those who were awarded the coupons and members of their immediate families
(C) days that the coupons can be used to Monday through Friday
(D) amount of time that the coupons can be used after they are issued
(E) number of routes on which travelers can use the coupons

Evaluation of a Plan
Situation: A company that buys and sells travel coupons reduces the revenue of an airline. The airline wants to discourage the trade in coupons.
Reasoning: How can the airline discourage its customers from selling their coupons? Limiting the use of the coupons to those who earned them and their immediate families reward s
passenger s for flying the airline and encourages them to continue to do so while at the same time making the sale of the coupons useless.
A Limiting the number of coupons awarded a year does nothing to discourage their resale.
B Correct. This statement properly identifies a limitation that makes the sale of coupons useless while maintaining the coupons' value as a reward.
C Limiting the time of use to weekdays does not discourage resale and makes the coupons less valuable to the airline's customers.
D Imposing a date by which the coupons must be used does not discourage resale and diminishes the coupons' value as a reward.
E Restricting the routes available docs not d is courage resale but does reduce the coupons' value as a reward.

The correct answer is B.


AA
4.5次
Argument: Take Heart建了个新游泳池然后usage增加12%，建议继续增加facilities成为only center
原题：The following appeared as part of a business plan created by the management of the Take Heart Fitness Center:
“After opening the new swimming pool early last summer, Take Heart saw a 12 percent increase in the use of the center by its members. Therefore, in order to increase membership in Take Heart, we should continue to add new recreational facilities in subsequent years: for example, a multipurpose game room, a tennis court, and a miniature golf course. Being the only center in the area offering this range of activities would give us a competitive advantage in the health and recreation market.”(102)
提供观点：
1.忽略他因。
2.错误类比。
3.收入和支出

1.causal oversimplification
2.a benefit-cost analysis should be given
3.Whether the proposed recreational facilities are popular among the people of this area is unknown.

daisyの小夢想

沙发~~ 谢谢hopehope~~~
AA也有答案 太好了~~！！！

UlysessHope

啊哈哈哈~~~
很荣幸嘛~  

貌似发贴早了
我继续弄小安阅读去了~~~~

ykelly123

1. 45s
-either excessive hunting or food scarcity will threaten animal population.
-when excessive hunting, animals will...
-when food scarcity, animals will deplay reproduction ?
guess fill in: no idea...
B

2. 28s
-the mayor plan to deactivate city's alarm box becuase most people now have telephones and cell phones.
conclusion: alarm boxes in XX should not be deactivated becasue few people have telephones and cell phones.
weakening: no idea....may be anything that says the alarm box should be deactivated.
B

3. 23s
-many business people think that XX state has poor road system.
-that's not the case, becuase XX state has spent alot of money on road construction.
guess undermind: the more money spent doesn't mean the better road system it has.
E

4. 40s
-company XX buys free-travel coupon.
-people pay less travel fees for the travel offered by Bravo company.
-Bravo lost revenue.
guess the plan to avoid, Bravo company has to restrict: coupon not for resale, coupon being used only by the pansonnel to whom the coupon was rewarded.
B

fox0923

哈哈，hope人太好了，又放上歌曲舒缓情绪！最喜欢“十二乐坊”的~~~嘿嘿~~
又占了个位子，45分钟后回来，现在中场休息！手打字最近好累~

-----------------------------------------------------
36s
P: The food scarcity and hunting can be threats to human.
C: The reason of prehistorical mastodon extinct can be determined by fossil since we have found fossils before and after population declined and...
Complete: and find the maturity of ages from these fossils.
A: B (find the link between the two reasons)


33s
P: The mayor plans to remove the fire alarms because people can use the public phones or private phones.
C: The area of the greater risk of fire has fewest public telephones, so the mayor should not remove the alarms.
W: The area with greater risk of fire has many fire dept. most close to it.
A: B


30s
P: Many businesspersons thought that the state has the bad traffic road conditions.
C: The state always put a lot money on road construction, so the road conditions are good.
W: The bad road condition of state needs to put more money into it.
A: E


45s
P: Alpha bought free coupon from B Airlines, and sold them to people in cheaper price.
C: B airlines lost their revenues since people get cheaper tickets from Alpha than purchase from B airlines.
R: B airlines can restrict the use of these coupons.
A: B

fox0923

AA:
Conclusion: The TakeHeart center plans to increase more recreational facilities in order to make more profit.
Argument:
1. The author needs to provide a better survey to show the age groups of people who use different facilities in order to determine if the center needs to add more facilities. Different age groups of people have different needs.
2. The author fails to draw a cause-effect relationship. The current increase of members may not be necessary related to the recreation facilities. The reason can be vary, such as service or cheaper price.etc.
3. In addition, there's no evidence to show 12% increase will continue even after the new facilities are added, since the center is new, so the argument won't be solid without providing the historical record for the profit of the center in past few years.

最近觉得写AA时，idea越来越顺手了，应该是CR的帮助！

UlysessHope

最近觉得写AA时，idea越来越顺手了，应该是CR的帮助！

-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/10/2 4:21:23)

糊糊很强大啊~我刚弄作文 还处于混沌中~
向糊糊学习~~~

daisyの小夢想

1. 60s
Food scarcity: mature later
Excessive hunting: mature earlier
Fill the Blank:
Whether M became mature earlier or later than usual can be known.
B

2. 34s
The mayor claims that the alarm boxes are not necessary.
Reason: people use telephone that can aslo report fire.
Conclusion: The alarm boxes in the commercial district are still necessary.
Reason: there are few residents and few public phones.

Weaken:
B

3. 20s
Premise:
The state has spent much more money on road improvements than other states.
Conclusion:
The argument that the state has bad road system is wrong.
Weaken:
Because the state has bad road system, it has to spent more money on the road construction.
E

4.
People sell coupons to others. To restrict such behavior, the company can ...
B

balapupu

1.【48s】
P :1.when animals meet excessive hunting,their reproductive time will become early.
               2.when animals meet food scare, their reproductive time will become late.
C:we can conclude the reason of this animal extinct because we have fossils both begin and after the animal decline.
complete: there are relationship between the fossil and the reproductive date.(搭桥）
2.【37s】
P：E ：false alarms--> remove the alarms
   M： access to private telephone -->remove the alarms, but one distract has greatest risk + few private telephone access-->C : alarms are necessary.
weaken E : fewer people will be less false alarms.
(额。。。这道题，把Mayor的观点和E的观点搞乱了~~仔细仔细。。。。）
3.【18s】
P： S: we spent more money than other city on the road
     C: our road system is not that bad.
W: the city has bad road system is more likely to spent money on the road.
4.【43s】
P: A company buy coupons in airline B through the awarded people in B company.--->this people buy coupons in lower price--》C:this make B company lose money.
solutionnly the people awarded can use the ticket.