【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑2-13】

balapupu

1.Some commentators complain that a “litigation explosion” in the past decade has led to unreasonably high costs for U.S. businesses by encouraging more product liability suits against manufacturers. However, these complaints are based mainly on myth. Statistics show that the number of successful product liability suits has remained almost the same, and the average sum awarded in damages has grown no faster than the inflation rate.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?
(A) The number of unsuccessful suits has skyrocketed, imposing huge new legal expenses on businesses.
(B) Several of the largest awards ever made in product liability cases occurred within the last two years.
(C) The rise of the consumer movement has encouraged citizens to seek legal redress for product flaws.
(D) Lawyers often undertake product liability cases on a contingency basis, so their payment is based on the size of the damages awarded.
(E) Juries often award damages in product liability suits out of emotional sympathy for an injured consumer.
2.    Ronald: According to my analysis of the national economy, housing prices should not increase during the next six months unless interest rates drop significantly.
Mark: I disagree. One year ago, when interest rates last fell significantly, housing prices did not increase at all.
It can be inferred from the conversation above that Mark has interpreted Ronald’s statement to mean that
(A) housing prices will rise only if interest rates fall
(B) if interest rates fall, housing prices must rise
(C) interest rates and housing prices tend to rise and fall together
(D) interest rates are the only significant economic factor affecting housing prices
(E) interest rates are likely to fall significantly in the next six months
3.    It’s time we stopped searching for new statistics to suggest that we are not spending enough on education. In fact, education spending increased 30 percent overall during the last decade.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?
(A) Despite increased spending on education, enrollment in our elementary and secondary schools declined about 4 percent during the last ten years.
(B) Our spending on gasoline increased more than 100 percent during the last decade.
(C) When adjusted for inflation, our per-pupil expenditure on education this year is less than it was ten years ago.
(D) Eleven other economically developed nations spend more on education than we do.
(E) The achievement levels of our students have been declining steadily since 1960, and the last decade produced no reversal in this trend.
4.The U.S. census is not perfect: thousands of Americans probably go uncounted. However, the basic statistical portrait of the nation painted by the census is accurate. Certainly some of the poor go uncounted, particularly the homeless; but some of the rich go uncounted as well, because they are often abroad or traveling between one residence and another.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument above depends?
(A) Both the rich and the poor have personal and economic reasons to avoid being counted by the census.
(B) All Americans may reasonably be classified as either poor or rich.
(C) The percentage of poor Americans uncounted by the census is close to the percentage of rich Americans uncounted.
(D) The number of homeless Americans is approximately equal to the number of rich Americans.
(E) The primary purpose of the census is to analyze the economic status of the American population.
5. The following appeared as part of a plan proposed by an executive of the Easy Credit Company to the president.
“The Easy Credit Company would gain an advantage over competing credit card services if we were to donate a portion of the proceeds from the use of our cards to a well-known environmental organization in exchange for the use of its symbol or logo on our card. Since a recent poll shows that a large percentage of the public is concerned about environmental issues, this policy would attract new customers, increase use among existing customers, and enable us to charge interest rates that are higher than the lowest ones available.”

纳丁Cat

为什么找不到答案呢？？
9-8
1. more than 60s  I can’t hold it
Some commentators complain that a “litigation explosion” in the past decade has led to unreasonably high costs for U.S. businesses by encouraging more product liability suits against manufacturers. However, these complaints are based mainly on myth. Statistics show that the number of successful product liability suits has remained almost the same, and the average sum awarded in damages has grown no faster than the inflation rate.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?

Litigation 诉讼
Premise:  some ones said the “l e” lead high cost for business by encouraging more liability.
Conclusion: it’s not truth. Because statistics show that successful liability remain the same and sum award has grown no faster than the inflation rate.

Weak：many lawsuit which are loss cost a huge amount of money.
(A) The number of unsuccessful suits has skyrocketed, imposing huge new legal expenses on businesses.
(B) Several of the largest awards ever made in product liability cases occurred within the last two years.
(C) The rise of the consumer movement has encouraged citizens to seek legal redress for product flaws.
(D) Lawyers often undertake product liability cases on a contingency basis, so their payment is based on the size of the damages awarded.
(E) Juries often award damages in product liability suits out of emotional sympathy for an injured consumer.

2. 25s
Ronald: According to my analysis of the national economy, housing prices should not increase during the next six months unless interest rates drop significantly.
Mark: I disagree. One year ago, when interest rates last fell significantly, housing prices did not increase at all.
It can be inferred from the conversation above that Mark has interpreted Ronald’s statement to mean that

R : house price will not increase, unless interest rates drop
M: that’s no truth. For example, last years, interest fell, but house price did not increase.

Infer: once rates drop, house price must increase
A) housing prices will rise only if interest rates fall
(B) if interest rates fall, housing prices must rise
(C) interest rates and housing prices tend to rise and fall together
(D) interest rates are the only significant economic factor affecting housing prices
(E) interest rates are likely to fall significantly in the next six months

3. 15s
It’s time we stopped searching for new statistics to suggest that we are not spending enough on education. In fact, education spending increased 30 percent overall during the last decade.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?

We should stop prove that we are not invest in education. In fact, we invest increase 30%

Weak: the money education need has increased more than 30%

(A) Despite increased spending on education, enrollment in our elementary and secondary schools declined about 4 percent during the last ten years.
(B) Our spending on gasoline increased more than 100 percent during the last decade.
(C) When adjusted for inflation, our per-pupil expenditure on education this year is less than it was ten years ago.
(D) Eleven other economically developed nations spend more on education than we do.
(E) The achievement levels of our students have been declining steadily since 1960, and the last decade produced no reversal in this trend.

4. 25s
.The U.S. census is not perfect: thousands of Americans probably go uncounted. However, the basic statistical portrait of the nation painted by the census is accurate. Certainly some of the poor go uncounted, particularly the homeless; but some of the rich go uncounted as well, because they are often abroad or traveling between one residence and another.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument above depends?

Background: some ones think that the census is not perfect in US. Because many people are not count.
Conclusion: the census can accurately reflect the real situation in US.
Premise: although some poor do not count, some rich also not count.

Assumption: the poor and the rich who are not count are almost the same.
(A) Both the rich and the poor have personal and economic reasons to avoid being counted by the census.
(B) All Americans may reasonably be classified as either poor or rich.
(C) The percentage of poor Americans uncounted by the census is close to the percentage of rich Americans uncounted.
(D) The number of homeless Americans is approximately equal to the number of rich Americans.
(E) The primary purpose of the census is to analyze the economic status of the American population.

superbat28

1. 做完话了1min40s， also I cannot hold it....
Conclusion: The stated law or sth. does not bring huge negative impacts on the business
Premise: Average sum of xxx did not go up more than inflation and .................

Weaken: 我猜答案是B？主要原因是因为CDE明显不像。肯定要指出其实这个law还是造成了很大影响的。然后A和B，根据OG12 Q1推测，原文出现了average，是不是extreme方向上的变化从而weaken了这个结论？
太不厚道了。。一顿猜，但总之，我是没读懂题的T T

2.  35s
Ronald: House price will not increase unless interest rate falls
Mark: NO！！In the past, interest rate falls but housing price does not increase

Mark assumes that: If interest rate falls, then housing price will inevitably rise

3. 26s
Concusion: We should stop seeking evidence that we do not spend enough money on education
Presmise: The amount has increased by 30%

Weaken: Show sth. that indicates that the money does not really increase~~~ I choose C!!!

4. 不记得T T
Conclusion: The census can accurately reflect the economic picture of the country
Premise: Some poor are not counted, and also some rich are not counted

Assumption: The percentage of poor not counted= the percentage of rich not counted ~

UlysessHope

逻辑菜鸟跟帖答题


1. Some commentators complain that a “litigation explosion” in the past decade has led to unreasonably high costs for U.S. businesses by encouraging more product liability suits against manufacturers. However, these complaints are based mainly on myth. Statistics show that the number of successful product liability suits has remained almost the same, and the average sum awarded in damages has grown no fster than the inflation rate.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?
Premise：the number of successful product liability suits has remained almost the same and the average sum awarded in damages has grown no faster than the inflation rate.
Conclusion: these complaints are based mainly on myth
Weaken: A? The number of unsuccessful suits has skyrocketed, imposing huge new legal expenses on businesses.
是A么？ 说成功诉讼数没变不代表全国诉讼花费不高，还有没成功的诉讼也要花钱啊~
B within the last two years无关（原文in the past decade）
CDE无关
2. Ronald: According to my analysis of the national economy, housing prices should not increase during the next six months unless interest rates drop significantly.
Mark: I disagree. One year ago, when interest rates last fell significantly, housing prices did not increase at all.
It can be inferred from the conversation above that Mark has interpreted Ronald’s statement to mean that
(A) housing prices will rise only if interest rates fall
(B) if interest rates fall, housing prices must rise
housing prices should increase during the next six months→interest rates drop significantly
A. housing prices will rise→interest rates fall
B. interest rates fall→housing prices must rise
A？ B？ 不知  怎么觉得AB一个意思。。。  = = 求讨论

摘自狒狒逻辑笔记：
unless := if not 即  not A unless B表达为：A→B
only if:   A only if B表达为A→B
if only:   A if only B表达为B→A
3.  It’s time we stopped searching for new statistics to suggest that we are not spending enough on education. In fact, education spending increased 30 percent overall during the last decade.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?
Conclusion: It’s time we stopped searching for new statistics to suggest that we are not spending enough on education.
Premise: education spending increased 30 percent overall during the last decade.
Weaken: C么？ When adjusted for inflation, our per-pupil expenditure on education this year is less than it was ten years ago. 通货膨胀
(A) enrollment无关
(B) spending on gasoline无关
(D) other nations无关
(E) The achievement levels无关
4. The U.S. census is not perfect: thousands of Americans probably go uncounted. However, the basic statistical portrait of the nation painted by the census is accurate. Certainly some of the poor go uncounted, particularly the homeless; but some of the rich go uncounted as well, because they are often abroad or traveling between one residence and another.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument above depends?
Conclusion：the basic statistical portrait of the nation painted by the census is accurate.
Premise：some of the poor go uncounted; but some of the rich go uncounted as well
Assumption：C么？The percentage of poor Americans uncounted by the census is close to the percentage of rich Americans uncounted.
(A) 无关
(B) 无关
(D) The number of homeless Americans is approximately equal to the number of rich Americans.
homeless Americans 只是the poor的一部分
(E) the economic status 无关


两天不看逻辑的结果 严重超时。。。 = =

balapupu

不好意思~~~答案是： A，B， C，C~马上要考托福了~~最近心思都扑到那上面了~~忘记这里的事情了·~嘿嘿··

大三准备留学

1.厂商们认为法律的爆发使得厂商们收到了更多的产品诉讼，而利润下降。然而这些都是无稽之谈，统计学表明，平均的诉讼数量不变，并且诉讼赔偿费用的增加低于通胀率
削弱：。。想不到

2.R：房价不会大幅度上涨，除非利率狂跌
 M：我不这么认为，去年利率狂跌 房价也没上涨
M认为房价不会大幅度上涨。。

3.我们不用再寻找证据证明我们没有花足够钱进行教育，在过去十年 我们平均多花了30%钱在教育上
weacken：通胀率高于30%。。

4.美国的调查不全面 很多人没算进去，很多穷人没算 但是同时很多富人也没算 所以还是准确的

假设：穷人导致的误差会与富人导致的误差相抵。。。

Yvette19

1. ,,,
(I've tried to read it last night and just could not figure it out... Left it for today still cannot understand the logic within 1 min. T^T)

Premise: Commentators critize encouraging the product ligitation suits against manufacturers causes large unreasonable cost and it's actually not a good measure.
Conclusion: Critics are not true.
Evidence: Statistics show that the number of product ligitation suits remains the same and the amount of money awarded stays no more than the inflation rate.

Weaken: A?

2. 40s
R: I predict in the following 6 months housing price will not increase unless the interest rate drop significantly.
M: Disagree. There was a time when housing price do not increase in the case that interest rate fell significantly.
M uses a counterexample to reject R's assumption in order to argue that even if interest rate drop the housing price will still not increasing...
为什么我的结论跟答案一个都对不上了。。是哪里出了问题。。求解。T^T

3. 30s
Conclusion: We should stop collecting data to say that we are not spending enough money on education.
Premise: Our spending on education has increased 30%.

Weaken: Overall spending has increased, and the portion of education still remains very low. C

4.  35s
CC1: The US census are not perfect: thousand of US people are not counted.
CC2: But the national statistic portrait is accurate:
Reasoning: Both the poor and the rich are not counted, the poor are homeless and the rich are traveling.
Assumption: The proportion of uncounted poor and uncounted rich people are actually the same. C