工厂选址考古：附带ＧＷＤ原文，已经确认 V1 by 爱热的冰1021 说是以前只注重 QUANTITIVE 例如交通和原料等等 但是这通常会被政府的政策所影响 例如利率的高低变化会使得原有的优势消失 第二段说要注重qualitative 例如当地人的素质和工作技能。 V2 by jasoncheng82 公司应该如何选择他的位置，给出了两种说法：1, quantitative大多数的manager都只看一些外部的影响因素，比如说交通便利、税率之类的，但长期发展下去对公司不好。2, qualitative是要看在公司周围能产生更高的竞争力之类的，然后公司在长远的看就可以持续地发展。问了一道细节题：以下哪种是第一段提到的选择方式 kathy1989717：工厂选址，是第一篇，原文原题，还多加了一道但我忘了= = 原文 by 乔小桥 已确认GWD32-Q13-Q14 Manufacturing site location is an important consideration in determining the optimal deployment of a firm’s production resources, but one that is usually given only limited attention. Decisions about location are often based purely on quantitative analyses that trade off transportation costs, economies of scale, and other cost-based variables. This practice, however, can lead to suboptimal results, as decision-makers tend to focus only on easily quantifiable factors. A further disadvantage of strictly cost-based methods is that they tend to focus on cost advantage factors, which are often transitory Government regulations, tax systems, and exchange rates can quickly change. Strategies based on such parameters may eventually be rendered obsolete by the very factors that first created an advantage. In contrast, qualitative issues, which are frequently neglected in choosing manufacturing site locations, are often central to creating and supporting a competitive advantage. For example, the level of skill possessed by the local workforce varies with location; consequently, location can affect the ability of firms to implement skill-based process technologies. When formulating a site location strategy, companies should therefore emphasize qualitative factors to ensure that the chosen strategy supports the company’s overall business strategy. Only after establishing a set of desirable location options should companies refine choices using cost-based factors. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q13. The passage suggests which of the following concerning qualitative methods used in choosing manufacturing sites? A. They are more likely than are quantitative methods to identify issues crucial to maintaining a competitive advantage B. They are least useful to companies with relatively low levels of manufacturing technology C. They have little value when applied to decisions other than choice of site D. They are more risky for decision makers than are quantitative methods E. They are used more frequently by multinational corporations than by companies with strictly domestic operations. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q14. According to the passage, analysis of quantitative factors is best used for which of the following? A. Determining strategies for offsetting qualitative disadvantages in manufacturing site locations B. Evaluating manufacturing site-location parameters affecting long-term competitive advantage C. Choosing manufacturing site locations that have access to optimal workforce populations D. Narrowing manufacturing site location options arrived it through qualitative analysis E. Making decisions about business considerations other than location of manufacturing sites
GWD-TN-6 Q7-Q10 The system of patent-granting, which confers temporary monopolies for the exploitation of new technologies, was originally established as an incentive to the pursuit of risky new ideas. Yet studies of the most patent-conscious business of all—the semiconductor industry—suggest that firms do not necessarily become more innovative as they increase their patenting activity. Ziedonis and Hall, for example, found that investment in research and development (a reasonable proxy for innovation) did not substantially increase between 1982 and 1992, the industry’s most feverish period of patenting. Instead, semiconductor firms simply squeezed more patents out of existing research and development expenditures. Moreover, Ziedonis and Hall found that as patenting activity at semiconductor firms increased in the 1980’s, the consensus among industry employees was that the average quality of their firms’ patents declined. Though patent quality is a difficult notion to measure, the number of times a patent is cited in the technical literature is a reasonable yardstick, and citations per semiconductor patent did decline during the 1980’s. This decline in quality may be related to changes in the way semiconductor firms managed their patenting process: rather than patenting to win exclusive rights to a valuable new technology, patents were filed more for strategic purposes, to be used as bargaining chips to ward off infringement suites or as a means to block competitors’ products.
GWD-8-Q7 :
The passage is primarily concerned with discussing
A.a study suggesting that the semiconductor industry’s approach to patenting during the period from 1982 to 1992 yielded unanticipated results (GWD答案)
B.a study of the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992 that advocates certain changes in the industry’s management of the patenting process
C.the connection between patenting and innovation in the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992 （PREP答案）
D.reasons that investment in research and development in the semiconductor industry did not increase significantly during the period from 1982 to 1992
E.certain factors that made the period from 1982 to 1992 a time of intense patenting activity in the semiconductor industry
The passage suggests which of the following about patenting in the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992 ?
A.The declining number of citations per semiconductor patent in the technical literature undermines the notion that patenting activity increased during this period.
B.A decline in patent quality forced firms to change the way they managed the patenting process.
C.Increased efficiencies allowed firms to derive more patents from existing research and development expenditures.
D.Firms’ emphasis on filing patents for strategic purposes may have contributed to a decline in patent quality.
E.Firms’ attempts to derive more patents from existing research and development expenditures may have contributed to a decline in infringement suites.
GWD-8-Q10: （据考过同学反映 本题在实考时并未遇到） Which of the following, if true, would most clearly serve to weaken the author’s claim about what constitutes a reasonable yardstick for measuring patent quality?
A.It is more difficult to have an article accepted for publication in the technical literature of the semiconductor industry than it is in the technical literature of most other industries
B.Many of the highest-quality semiconductor patents are cited numerous times in the technical literature
C.It is difficult for someone not familiar with the technical literature to recognize what constitutes an innovative semiconductor patent
D.There were more citations made per semiconductor patent in the technical literature in the 1970’s than in the 1980’s
E.Low-quality patents tend to be discussed in the technical literature as frequently as high-quality patents. （已修正）
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发表于 2011-8-24 14:59:27