GWD-5-38

ana9

D中是指Donia整个国家的人，而题目要求解释的对象是Donia首都的人
E: note--effective working

snowofjune

A为什么不对，不好？

simple_dream

Yet although the proportion of new cars in Donia’s capital city has always been comparatively high,

文中以提及,新车的比例大幅提高.那么A与此事实不符合.定要排除.

本人一直迷惑的是 D.

happycg

ddddddddddddddddddddd

五月十三

以下是引用springappleleaf在2004-7-3 11:20:00的发言：

38. Nitrogen dioxide is a pollutant emitted by automobiles. Catalytic converters, devices designed to reduce nitrogen dioxide emissions, have been required in all new cars in Donia since 1993, and as a result, nitrogen dioxide emissions have been significantly reduced throughout most of the country. Yet although the proportion of new cars in Donia’s capital city has always been comparatively high, nitrogen dioxide emissions there have showed only an insignificant decline since 1993.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the insignificant decline in nitrogen dioxide emissions in Donia’s capital city?

1. More of the cars in Donia’s capital city were made before 1993 than after 1993.
2. The number of new cars sold per year in Donia has declined slightly since 1993.
3. Pollutants other than nitrogen dioxide that are emitted by automobiles have also been significantly reduced in Donia since 1993.
4. Many Donians who own cars made before 1993 have had catalytic converters installed in their cars.
5. Most car trips in Donia’s capital city are too short for the catalytic converter to reach its effective working temperature.

The answer is E.  But can someone tell me why not A?

 题干大意：

1、Nitrogen dioxide是由汽车排放出来的一种污染物。（限定了Nitrogen dioxide的来源，只由汽车排放，不用考虑其他的来源问题）
2、Catalytic converter是设计用来减少Nitrogen dioxide的排放的，并且从1993年起，在所以的新车上都必须安装。
3、（随着这个政策的执行）结果，Nitrogen dioxide在全国的排放量显著的减少了。（有个地方除外，从下文可以得出是首都，排放量并没有显著减少）
4、尽管首都的新车比例一直以来都是相当的高（注意always 和现在完成时态）（这是前提，并且是事实的前提，不是假设的），但是Nitrogen dioxide的排放量，从1993年开始只有一个不明显的降低。（这是事实，不是假设）

Question：要求对这个看似矛盾的事实进行解释，并且是most help。
A、1993年前产的车比1993年后产的车多，在首都。题干中有说道，首都新车的比例一直以来相当的高，如果A说的是true的，那么因为题干的暗示，可以得出，即使旧车数量比新车多，但是比例并不会高多少。（因为多一辆，也就可以用more than。）而这部分comparatively high proportion的新车使用Catalytic converter，那么nitrogen dioxide emissions是不是也应该是significantly reduced的呢？因此，A is out。

B、问题只问关于Donia’s capital city的情况，B把范围扩大到Donia，可以排除。并且从1993起，新车销售的数量下降，但是新车与旧车的比例是越来越大。等等原因，B直接 cancel

C、不用解释了吧。

D、与B同样的错误，扩大了范围，从首都扩大到整个Donia。题目只设计到，为什么首都是这样的。

E、说的意思是，首都大部分车开的路程太短，Catalytic converter无法发挥作用。换句话说，装了Catalytic converter和没装差不多。most help 地解释了题干中出现的现象。

E is the best.

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-5-30 10:40:39编辑过]

batmanhm

以下是引用simple_dream在2008-1-7 23:46:00的发言：

Yet although the proportion of new cars in Donia’s capital city has always been comparatively high,

文中以提及,新车的比例大幅提高.那么A与此事实不符合.定要排除.

本人一直迷惑的是 D.

    文中说的是比例大幅提高，但是不代表绝对数量

   很有可能大幅提高之后，现在新车的数量还是少于1993年以前的旧车啊

bigzigzag

those questions suck

dawei904

给大家一个背景知识，也许就好理解了。catalytic converter是三元催化，是安装在汽车排气管中部的一个device，工作温度是800度以上，短距离行车，排气管温度不够，三元催化不起作用。

geminisky

一开始 也选的是A，因为这个很直接，做题时间有限就选了，后来分析，A（  More of the cars in Donia’s capital city were made before 1993 than after 1993.）与the proportion of new cars in Donia’s capital city has always been comparatively high很矛盾，就排除掉。

也许会有人说，cars made before 1993也可以是new cars但是没安装 Catalytic converters,这样就解释decline了。     但我感觉，做题要宏观微观一起看，宏观上就是大体上地要承认文章给出的内容，不要自己做多的联想，比如说文章中出现的new cars就是cars made after 1993; 微观上是看细节了，比如出现的comparatively high，指的是新旧车的对比，新车（made after 1993) 要比旧车（cars made before 1993）多。由此，因为A与原文矛盾，排除。

D错在讨论Donians，而文中key point 是 讨论 capital 的。或许有人说，那也不是没关啊－－做了过多的联想了。。。

答案是E，我想是因为  1.就事论事，有key words--Donia’s capital city, the catalytic converter.

                           2.比较直接，不需要我自己再凭空地加上什么假设去联想

对原文给出的某一点的承认与质疑。。。有时通过抽象词可以判定，比如FACT,但是大多时候，还真是头疼。。。

由此，想到：对于各类型逻辑题   选项 的判断是不是有这么一个规律呢－－

解释，支持，假设－－－选项a :key word ＋ 比较直接＋态度或中心思想与原文一致

                                          优先于选项b ：好像有点道理，但是需要再加上点联想

削弱－－－选项a型，选项b型，看似无关型，平行关系无优先级

sunny11wing

不知道是不是我捕风捉影呢？

觉得题干里那个always是有来头的。就是因为这个always使得选项A在时间的维度上和原文矛盾。

另外，只要新车比例和其他城市比，comparatively high。不管新车多还是老车多（选项A就是说老车比新车多），reduction就应该比其他城市显著。因此，从空间的维度上，A也不对。

想到GWD5-8题里，另一个小词only也暗示了些什么。

When a new restaurant, Martin’s Cafe, opened in Riverville last year, many people predicted that business at the Wildflower Inn, Riverville’s only other restaurant, would suffer from the competition.  Surprisingly, however, in the year since Martin’s Cafe opened, the average number of meals per night served at the Wildflower Inn has increased significantly.

 

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the increase?

 

1. Unlike the Wildflower Inn, Martin’s Cafe serves considerably more meals on weekends than it does on weekdays.
2. Most of the customers of Martin’s Cafe had never dined in Riverville before this restaurant opened, and on most days Martin’s Cafe attracts more customers than it can seat.
3. The profit per meal is higher, on average, for meals served at Martin’s Cafe than for those served at the Wildflower Inn.
4. The Wildflower Inn is not open on Sundays, and therefore Riverville residents who choose to dine out on that day must either eat at Martin’s Cafe or go to neighboring towns to eat.
5. A significant proportion of the staff at Martin’s Cafe are people who formerly worked at the Wildflower Inn and were hired away by the owner of Martin’s Cafe.

答案是B。正是因为除了M以外，只有W一家，所以M没位了以后，才会有一个比较大的可能性回去W吃。（当然也可能继续等M的位，也可能回家吃。不过只要存在可能性-去W这个唯一可以选择的餐馆吃，就explain了。不用充分。）

所以这些小词，可能是出题点，也可能是帮助解题的重要信息。出题的思路似乎是认为这些小词带有一定的态度，可能infer出一些东西而不认为是做题人自己的主观臆断。