求助GWD7-Q17

gmatbiguo

Of patients over 65 years old who survived coronary bypass surgery—a procedure widely prescribed for people with heart disease—only 75 percent benefited from the surgery.Thus it appears that for one in four such patients, the doctors who advised them to undergo this surgery, with its attendant risks and expense, were more interested in an opportunity to practice their skills and in their fee than in helping the patient.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?



A.Many of the patients who receive coronary bypass surgery are less than 55 years old.

B.Possible benefits of coronary bypass surgery include both relief from troubling symptoms and prolongation of life.

C.Most of the patients in the survey decided to undergo coronary bypass surgery because they were advised that the surgery would reduce their risk of future heart attacks.

D.The patients over 65 years old who did not benefit from the coronary bypass surgery were as fully informed as those who did benefit from the surgery as to the risks of the surgery prior to undergoing it.

E.The patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery but who did not benefit from it were medically indistinguishable, prior to their surgery, from the patients who did benefit.

答案选E，但是没想通。谁能帮我把E削弱的逻辑链帮我点一下。我选了D，觉得D是说做不做手术是病人自己的选择和医生无关，所以起到削弱作用。NN们请帮我分析一下，我的思路错在哪里？

weijiejing

D说手术没起到效果的人和起到效果的人所接收的关于手术风险的信息是一致的,这个在题目中已经有了"with its attendant risks", 只是换了种说法拿来迷惑考生的

E说手术失败的人是因为药物对他们人体不起作用, 提供了除结论外的另一原因, 从而消弱了结论

这类题是根据信息(如数据等等)得出解释性结论, 它的hiden premise多为结论为唯一原因,所以只要在答案中找到别的原因就能消弱它了

gmatbiguo

D说手术没起到效果的人和起到效果的人所接收的关于手术风险的信息是一致的,这个在题目中已经有了"with its attendant risks", 只是换了种说法拿来迷惑考生的

E说手术失败的人是因为药物对他们人体不起作用, 提供了除结论外的另一原因, 从而消弱了结论

这类题是根据信息(如数据等等)得出解释性结论, 它的hiden premise多为结论为唯一原因,所以只要在答案中找到别的原因就能消弱它了

-- by 会员 weijiejing (2011/7/18 23:35:33)

谢谢啊，我明白了

逆水潜龙

E翻译错了吧
应该是医生无法从医学角度上分辨哪些人会手术成功，当然就无法决定自己是否赚钱或去练手的动机了·

VincentShu

E确实翻译错了，顶楼上

竹攸GMAT

请问A 为什么错呢？

nesstang

Thus it appears that for one in four such patients 结论里面只问你patients over 65

applenn

在65岁患病的老人中接手一个什么手术仅有75%的人可以获益。这样的话对于其它25%的病人来说，那些建议老人做这样有风险和高费用的手术的医生似乎更在意自己锻炼技术和获得手术费用，而不是帮助病人。

这么绕其实在混淆一个概念：手术后能否痊愈在手术前就下定论了。可实际上病人接受手术并且痊愈只是一种可能性并不是完全确定的。也是E中所说的在手术之前并不能从医学角度区分开手术后是否可以痊愈。。。。。

applenn

再补充一下哈:如果这个手术在进行之前就可以确定对哪些人有用对哪些人没用的话，而医生依然还建议那些手术之后没啥用的病人进行手术，那确实可以怀疑医生的动机了。。。。这种现象现在社会非常常见啊：一个小病医生明知道做那些七七八八的检查没多大作用可为了效益为了利益还是让病人去接受各种检查。。题外话啦，哈哈~~

rabbit1937

发现这道题目大家 没有注意理解only 75 percent benefited from the surgery的含义，仅仅有75%能够从中获益，直接表明 75%的人获益于手术——而剩下25%的人完全不能够获益与手术（还有风险和费用），即他们根本就不该做手术！

所以，但凡能够区分谁benefit from the surgery 谁 do not at all，就知道了谁一定不该做手术，不管有没有什么所谓的通知（否则，病人得知100%自己做了就死还会做么？）；反之，patients who cannot benefit 也做了手术的唯一可能就是，不知道自己能不能获益。

所以B选项直接out of scope (因为只是说受益者）
C选项直接反前提(因为根本不受益）
D选项——结合结论即：可以区分，但是医生建议他们做了，仅仅因为也告知他们他们必死，所以就有医德了，是大错特错的了！