狒狒test1第10题求解！

雅西吉

10. In order to pressure the government of Country S to become less repressive, some legislators in Country R want to ban all exports from R to S. Companies in R that manufacture telecommunication equipment such as telephones and fax machines have argued that exports of their products should be exempted from the ban, on the ground that it is impossible for a country to remain repressive when telecommunication equipment is widely available to the population of that country.


Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument given by the manufacturers depends?


A.The government of S has recently increased the amount of telecommunication equipment it allows to be imported into the country.
B.The telecommunication equipment that would be imported into S if the exemption were to be granted would not be available solely to top development officials in S.
C.A majority of the members of R’s legislature do not favor exempting telecommunication equipment from the ban on exports to Country S.
D.Of all exports that could be sent to Country S, telecommunication equipment would be the most effective in helping citizens of S oppose that country’s repressive government.
E.Without pressure from Country R, the government of S would be able to continue repressing its citizens indefinitely.

为神马啊？看了解释还是不明白为什么选b?
哪位最好先帮我翻译一下B选项的意思，谢谢啦~
最好还能再帮我分析下逻辑思维……

sanlingjie

B:在同意免除（禁令）之后，那些进口到S国的通讯器材不会仅仅只是供应给S国的高层官员。
这题是NECESSARY ASSUMPTION类型的题，可以采用取非的方法来做。当我们negate B之后，得到的是The telecommunication equipment that would be imported into S if the exemption were to be granted would be available solely to top development officials in S. （在同意免除（禁令）之后，那些进口到S国的通讯器材仅仅只会供应给S国的高层官员。）那么这与原推理给出的原因--on the ground that it is impossible for a country to remain repressive when telecommunication equipment is widely available to the population of that country--中的条件when telecommunication equipment is widely available to the population of that country矛盾了，随之，原来的结论也就不成立了。那么B就是正确的答案。（取非法你懂得吧？我也是刚学会的~~~~~）
A:S政府增加了通讯器材的进口量，这不能构成免除禁令的原因，因为S政府本来就压印他的人民，他这么做，反而说明通讯器材能帮助政府进一步压抑人民，有一点weaken原推理的意思。
C：R的主观偏好虽然可能是构成禁令产生的原因，但是不能以此来推翻禁令进而接触禁令，因为没说这主管偏好是禁令产生的唯一原因，那就很可能禁令有它客观对的地方，比如真的能帮助施压S政府不再那么压制它的人民。
D:禁令的解除与否和R国的通讯器材是否最有效能使S政府给人民减压没有太大的关系，纵使它不是最有效的，只要它有效，就能构成解除禁令的原因，因为刚开始第一句话说的是 In order to pressure the government of Country S to become less repressive，没有说least， 所以没必要是最有效的。
E：这一个选项weaken了原推理，证明禁令是对的（禁令是R国的施压造成的）。

雅西吉

你好~谢谢你的分析。
我自己又重新理了一遍思路。思路如下：
manufacturer 要免除禁令依靠什么假定情况？
D选项说在所有出口S国的商品中，通讯器材是最有效的反抗政府镇压的工具，这难道不应该是manufacturer 选择免除对通讯器材出口禁令的原因吗？至于你提到只要有效，不管是否是最有效的工具，我觉得道理有些牵强，这里没有这么强调有效的问题吧……
至于B 选项说manufacturer选择免除对通讯器材出口禁令的原因是通讯器材不仅仅只是供给s国的高层领导了也有道理。
所以我对这两个选项还是不够清晰，对你所说的取非法也不太明白。

sdcar2010

sanlingjie was right. Necessary assumption. Use negation. Well-done.

sanlingjie

sanlingjie was right. Necessary assumption. Use negation. Well-done.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2011/7/8 21:12:02)

嘿嘿，谢谢sdcar2010,多亏了sdcar2010，我才学会取非的方法，我连续看了你写的所有的逻辑学习入门，我才慢慢入了逻辑的门。再次感谢sdcar2010哈。

雅西吉

我现在逻辑真是急死了，能给我介绍下你看的逻辑入门吗？谢谢啦

sanlingjie

就是3楼的sdcar2010 大牛发表在CD论坛里的，在逻辑区的置顶帖子里，很有用的，你好好看看她写的哈。我也是看了她写的那些帖子，才有茅塞顿开的感觉，当然也还要继续加强学习才行。