LSAT-2-2-19

crescent

19.   How do the airlines expect to prevent commercial plane crashes? Studies have shown that pilot error contributes to two-thirds of all such crashes. To address this problem, the airlines have upgraded their training programs by increasing the hours of classroom instruction and emphasizing communication skills in the cockpit. But it is unrealistic to expect such measures to compensate for pilots’ lack of actual flying time. Therefore, the airlines should rethink their training approach to reducing commercial crashes.

Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the argument depends?

(A) Training programs can eliminate pilot errors.

(B) Commercial pilots routinely undergo additional training throughout their careers.

(C) The number of airline crashes will decrease if pilot training programs focus on increasing actual flying time.

(D) Lack of actual flying time is an important contributor to pilot error in commercial plane crashes.

(E) Communication skills are not important to pilot training programs.

答案是D，请教C为什么不对
我的想法是：
C：actual flying time increase-->crashes number decrease，则按照原文，调整课程，加强实战练习可以降低事故数量
D：Lack of actual flying time-->crashes，则调整课程即是将条件取非，使之成为sufficient actual flying time，不能推出降低事故数量啊

睡熊

首先是主观臆想错误：实际飞行训练时间可能可以降低人为技能缺陷造成的飞行事故（注意只是一个必要条件，不一定是充分条件），但并不能保证全部飞行事故数量的下降，毕竟还有1/3其它的原因。所以你的推理是没有保证的。

其次是假设题的验证是对选项取反，你怎么对原文的推理取反了。

crescent

同意你说的对D取非可判断为正确答案
但是对于C，AA if BB可写为BB-->AA的形式，则BB为充分条件，这样判断错在哪里？

睡熊

因为上面的 AA if BB 本身并不成立。原文并没有保证增加飞行时间可以降低飞行事故。

crescent

我对assumption题目的理解是说，选项如果正确，能support到题目的结论
所以选项都是假设出来的，并不是原文就交待出来的
就如D选项也一样，说“如果”缺乏实战练习是一个重要因素，则应该调整训练课程，原文也并没有保证缺乏实战练习就是重要因素啊
那么对于C，假设增加练习时间可以降低飞行事故，那么就应该相应调整啊

哎，我觉得逻辑题凭感觉做还可以，要是用什么充分必要来想就越来越糊涂

crescent

以下是引用crescent在2004-6-23 11:17:00的发言：

19.   How do the airlines expect to prevent commercial plane crashes? Studies have shown that pilot error contributes to two-thirds of all such crashes. To address this problem, the airlines have upgraded their training programs by increasing the hours of classroom instruction and emphasizing communication skills in the cockpit. But it is unrealistic to expect such measures to compensate for pilots’ lack of actual flying time. Therefore, the airlines should rethink their training approach to reducing commercial crashes.

Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the argument depends?

(A) Training programs can eliminate pilot errors.

(B) Commercial pilots routinely undergo additional training throughout their careers.

(C) The number of airline crashes will decrease if pilot training programs focus on increasing actual flying time.

(D) Lack of actual flying time is an important contributor to pilot error in commercial plane crashes.

(E) Communication skills are not important to pilot training programs.

答案是D，请教C为什么不对

如果对C取非，应该是“增加实际飞行时间不会降低事故数量”，为什么不能推翻原命题呢？

lawyer_1

C实际为无关项

1。To address this problem中的problem指的是 pilot error ，而不是plane crashes。这是最关键的，也是为何C为无关项的关键原因。PROGRAMS的设计和最后的评价都是针对解决PILOT ERROR问题的。而不是解决plane crashes问题的，故和PLANE CRASHES无关。

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-7-10 11:44:33编辑过]

springappleleaf

I agree D is correct.  But what's wrong with A?

Is that because A is 无关 choice?  The issue here is: to solve pilot error, either flying time or classroom, both of them are part of training program?

杨东芳

The sentence “To address this problem . . . cockpit” is the counter-premise because it shows that the airlines
are doing something about the problem. However, the author goes on to imply that it is not enough, that no
training program can be a substitute for actual flying time. Notice that choice (A) baits the reader because
it refers to the counter-premise. If the counter-premise stood alone, (A) would not be a bad answer (though
it would still overstate the case). However, in the sentence, “But it is . . . time,” the author states that
training programs are not only insufficient but only marginally effective.
This argument is difficult because the second-best answer-choice is almost as good as the best one.
Choices (B) and (E) can be quickly dismissed. Choice (C), though probably true, slightly overstates the
author’s claim. The author implied only that actual flying time is essential; he made no claim that it would
actually decrease the number of crashes. Furthermore, he did not imply that airlines should focus on actual
flying time, only that it plays an essential part in reducing the number of pilot errors. Hence, by process of
elimination, the answer is (D).

cybei

C实际为无关项

1。To address this problem中的problem指的是 pilot error ，而不是plane crashes。这是最关键的，也是为何C为无关项的关键原因。PROGRAMS的设计和最后的评价都是针对解决PILOT ERROR问题的。而不是解决plane crashes问题的，故和PLANE CRASHES无关。

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-7-10 11:44:33编辑过]

-- by 会员 lawyer_1 (2004/7/10 11:40:00)

那炉火多