【第一期阅读小分队（已结束）】【每日阅读练习贴——速度+越障】【一楼汇总】（另附CD首发花儿阅读教材PDF）

裤裤melo · 发表于 2011-7-14 08:09:15

谢谢抓抓的建议~~~

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-7-14 08:12:43

【速度2-7】 0行 3行 1行 53s 56s 【越障2-3】 6:19    1. 最近M通过欧洲的一个天文望远镜观测发现银河系里的尘埃是由超级新星产生的。从前大家不明白什么产生了这些尘埃，大家认为这种尘埃应该是大的星星之间产生，而超级新星太年轻了不太可能产生这样的old star，认为尘埃应该是产生在big bang更早以前。    2. 最近的观测发现了一颗超级新星和另一颗星之间的尘埃，确定了太空中的尘埃都是超级新星产生的。成因读得不是很清楚。    3. M接下来几十年会进一步观测研究超级新星产生的尘埃。这种观测将会非常方便，因为最近观测到的这颗产生尘埃的超级新星虽然和另一颗星之间很多尘埃，但是和地球之间没有，所以观测能够观测地很清晰。而且在将要进行研究的这几十年之间这颗星也不会消失。    4. M在接下来几十年的超级新星产生的宇宙尘埃的研究中主要旨在搞清楚两个问题。    5. M的研究对宇宙尘埃的研究意义重大，希望探索出宇宙尘埃是如何形成生命的。地球上的生命最初也都只是一粒尘埃，我们大家都一样。 再看一遍又想起来一些： 从前也有人提出超级新星产生大量宇宙尘埃的观点，但是当时没有观察数据来佐证。 银河Milky Way不好观测，因为银河周围的尘埃还包含了一些其他的干扰物质。 除了超级新星自己产生尘埃以外，没有其他可能的原因可以解释其周围的尘埃。

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-7-14 08:25:08

<div class="maxcode-quote">
谢谢抓抓的建议~~~<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 裤裤melo (2011/7/14 8:09:15)</div> 
</div>
 不客气不客气~^^

裤裤melo · 发表于 2011-7-14 09:12:17

大清早的起来读~~~因为等下要回学校啦~~~so~今晚是读不了了~~~ 1-3 1 4行 2 60s 3 1行 4 45s 5 2行。。。 越障 感觉今天读的这个关于药物的东西确实。。。读不懂。。。不过。。。还是强迫自己读啊读~我没段完了写了一下我感觉的主要内容，用时11min左右，减去我写的时间读的时间在10min左右~~~ 1，5ht对rat's visual有影响 2，5ht不完整，需要提高，讲了怎么提高方式 3，8oh bind 5ht 4,8oh有congnitive effect，举了个eg，说not simple 5,8oh same direct problem...plm有两种，constant和diff（food） 6.da比hl少，da（1,40），hl（2,60） 7,8oh实验是重要的，很多effect和时间都有关 也不知道对了几成。。。不过会继续加油的~~~~

clumsy123 · 发表于 2011-7-14 11:09:46

速度1-3 计时1 差5行 计时2 差1行 计时3 差1行 计时4 差3行 计时5 差1行 唉，还是看不完啊~~ 越障1-3  7min46s 只是看懂了大概，好像是说某种物质（5HT）可以用来治疗rat的什么视觉上的毛病，然后说了怎么用实验验证这个理论，还涉及到一个跟5HT有关的什么8物质，证明8物质的到底有什么用处。。。（好多专业名词看不懂啊T T）

ccmoom · 发表于 2011-7-14 11:26:37

昨天是休息日~  今天把昨天的任务补上。。呵呵 越障2-2 哈佛对本科生的教育是否不够重视。   C这个人在提出了疑问，认为哈佛在过去一段时间对本科生的教育不够重视。C在博客还是什么的上面写道：哈佛是最有钱的大学，经费从20年前的多少，增加到现在的30几billion，但是增加到的钱多数都花到了研究和职工上，本科生入学人数没有增多，以前是1600人，现在还是1600人。而且学生中有很多是并不符合资格的。哈佛应该把钱花到学生的教育上，但是它更多的花到了土地和建筑上，建了很多房子和地又没有用于本科生的教育上。   下面的几段是对于C的疑问的争论。讲了经费实际上花到了什么地方：建房子是为了增加入学人数，使学生更健康什么的。经费增加是因为艺术类和什么类的教师增加，对贫困学生的帮助增加等等。   最后总结，哈佛要平衡现在和未来，研究和教育、各方面资源什么的。要了解当前的问题。 速度2-6 1行 2行 2行 1行 55s

fox0923 · 发表于 2011-7-14 11:31:21

【越障2-3】 7’20” 彻底被打败，根本第一遍就看不懂，再加上生词和subject的不熟悉，我是查了一些生词又回读看了第二遍还take notes才明白一点。。虽然是很丢人，不过还是小总了一下。。有没有人和我同样情况的？ 星尘象征着一种古老的学说，但并非宇宙里所有的星星都是如此，其中很多却有着大量的尘埃。 星系里星星由于非常贴近宇宙外表层的原因，让很多星学家认为这些星星的存在寿命少于1亿年。星象学家M.M研究发现了一种SN 1987A为代表的具有大量尘埃的星星，并表明此星星具有制造尘埃的特点，而这些尘埃都是由碳形成的。 于是星象学家希望了解为何它的大量尘埃是如何形成以及从哪里来的，所以用另外一个称作CasA的SN的星星和它做对比，发现CasA所制造出的大量尘埃比SN 1987A还要多。M.M为此对尘埃的未来产生了兴趣，他认为所有的尘埃最后都会变成有生命的物质，就如我们人类一样。 【速度2-7】 1.    0.5行 2.    1行 3.    58s 4.    60s 5.    59s 晚上跑完步，再来读速度好像比之前读越障时脑子清醒多了。。。虽然时间上一般，不过内容很清晰。。

shunwen · 发表于 2011-7-14 12:14:10

计时4, 3, 2, 1，2. 障碍7:20 好慢 解释星际中为什么有很多dust 1  介绍是怎么样发现这个答案的，时间，在什么地方 2  第一个原因，忘名字了，中间有：那些dust占太阳的40%-70%的重量 3  supernovae是第二的原因 4  Gomez是另外的原因 还有个CasA也会产生dust 最后好像说为什么要研究这个问题，因为要找到另外的生命。 我是边看边记一些重点。

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-7-14 20:23:49

计时1 FAITH LAPIDUS: This isSCIENCE IN THE NEWS, in VOA Special English. I'm Faith Lapidus. BOB DOUGHTY: And I'm BobDoughty. Today, we tell how cooling the brain may help people who have troublegoing to sleep. We also tell about two endangered animals that are in danger ofdisappearing forever. (MUSIC) FAITH LAPIDUS: Are you havinga problem going to sleep? Try drinking a glass of warm milk. If that does notwork, listen to some soft, beautiful music. Still no luck? Try thinking aboutsheep jumping over a fence. Count them to yourself. "One, two, three,four...one hundred ninety five, one hundred ninety..." It is late at night and youare still awake. Should you take a sleeping pill? People who take pills oftencome to depend on the drugs. So you lie awake knowing that the new work daywill soon arrive. If this happens to you for at least one month, you may have primaryinsomnia. There are millions of you...us...around the world. BOB DOUGHTY: A new study hasfound that you might fall asleep quicker and stay asleep longer if you try"cerebral hypothermia." No, cerebral hypothermia is not a complexmedical process. It just means cooling down your brain. Eric Nofzinger and DanielBuysse of the University of Pittsburgh Medical School led the study. Theyexamined twelve people who had insomnia. Twelve others had no sleep problems.Each of them wore a soft plastic cap on their heads at bed time. （247words） 计时2 The caps had tubes insidefilled with water. The researchers moved the water through the tubes and thenchanged the temperature of the water. Other studies showed that people who hadtrouble sleeping often had more chemical reactions in the front of theirbrains. The researchers thought lowering the temperature of the brain mighthelp. FAITH LAPIDUS: The first twonights of testing, the patients wore no water caps. During the next two nights,the caps were worn, but the water was not cooled. Then the researchers cooledthe water a little for two nights. On the final two nights of the study, thetemperature of the water was made much cooler. The researchers found thatthe water caps did not help the insomnia patients until the temperature wasabout fourteen degrees Celsius. Most of the patients fell asleep faster andslept better when the coolest water was moving around their heads. Dr. Nofzinger and Dr. Buyseenoted that this is only the beginning of the brain temperature study. But theybelieve they have discovered something important that needs more research. Theypresented their test results in June at a meeting of the Associated ProfessionalSleep Societies in Minneapolis, Minnesota. (MUSIC) BOB DOUGHTY: Scientistscompleted a census in Nepal recently. This population study, however, did notcount people. Instead, biologists and other people counted the number ofgreater one-horned rhinoceros in the Himalayan nation. The greater one-hornedrhinoceros is in danger of disappearing. In general, the animals live only inprotected areas of Nepal and India. India has most of them. (261 words) 计时3 The population study showedthat five hundred thirty-four one-horned rhinos now live in Nepal. That is anincrease of ninety-nine rhinos since two thousand eight. Five hundred three ofthe animals were observed in Chitwan National Park. Thirty-one others live inanother national park and a wildlife area. The census marks the firsttime that more than five hundred rhinos were seen in Nepal since the nation'scivil war. Animal-traders killed many rhinos during that conflict, fought fromnineteen ninety six to two thousand six. FAITH LAPIDUS: Rhinoceroshorns are valued in Asian medicines. They also are popular in some MiddleEastern and Asian cultures. The horns have a beautiful, shining quality aftercarved and made smooth. They are sometimes seen on daggers, short, pointedknives, and in objects like ceremonial cups. Illegal rhino hunting was abig reason that only one hundred of the animals lived in the Chitwan Valley innineteen sixty-six. Over the years, the Nepali rhino population has increasedand decreased. But life became more secure for the animals in nineteenseventy-three. At that time, Nepal established the Chitwan National Park, firstcalled Royal Chitwan National Park. It was the first wildlife area of its kindin the nation. Nepal opened it to save the one-horned rhinoceros. Officials have taken strongsteps to protect this huge grassland and forest animal. People caught killingrhinos are sentenced to prison. Continuing efforts like the census support thepopulation. (240 words) 计时4 BOB DOUGHTY: During therecent count, scientists measured the population from seats on the backs ofelephants. The census-takers had cameras, radio handsets and rhinodate-recording books. They also carried GPS receivers that show the position ofthe user. There were also GPS supplies and books to record the presence of aninvasive plant. The plant threatens the grasslands where rhinos live. The scientists andtechnicians identified each rhino by the shape and size of its horn. They alsolooked for body markings like cuts and old healed wounds. The animals' necksand backsides were inspected for pieces of skin that lie one on top of theother. The census takers noted the numbers of males and females. The wildlife organization WWFhelped support the census with Nepalese park and wildlife agencies and Nepal'sNational Trust for Nature Conservation. Shubash Lohani is an officialof WWF's Eastern Programs. He expressed satisfaction that the country has morerhinoceros. But he warned that illegal trade and loss of homelands continue tothreaten the rare animals. (MUSIC) FAITH LAPIDUS: Since ancienttimes, people have respected cheetahs for their speed and beauty. Some cheetahscan reach speeds of up to one hundred ten kilometers an hour. There were once more than onehundred thousand of the animals in Africa and Asia. But over the past century,that population has dropped to about ten thousand. Today, cheetahs are mainlyfound in twenty-four African countries. Yet the cheetah populationhas started to recover because of one woman. Her name is Laurie Marker. (256words) 计时5 LAURIE MARKER: "Istarted working with cheetahs when I lived in Oregon – I ran a wildlife parkthere. This was back in the early seventies and nobody knew anything aboutcheetahs, and I was fascinated about them. And the more people I asked, theysaid when you find out something about cheetahs let us know, they don't do wellin captivity, they have a very short lifespan, and we're losing them throughoutthe ranges in the world. So that just made me fascinated and I wanted to knoweverything there was about them." FAITH LAPIDUS: Laurie Markertraveled to Namibia to learn as much about cheetahs as she could. The Africannation is home to the world's largest wild cheetah population. LAURIE MARKER:"Understanding about how the cheetah lives is really important. Sounderstanding its biology and its behavior, understanding the ecology of it,which really revolves around where it's living and how it's living, and thatinterfaces with humans." BOB DOUGHTY: In nineteenninety, Ms. Marker founded the Cheetah Conservation Fund, a not-for-profitgroup with offices in Namibia. The group carries out research and offers educationalprograms. It also develops ways to fight some of the biggest threats tocheetahs, including clashes with farmers. Some farmers kill cheetahsbecause they attack and feed on cattle, sheep and goats. So Laurie Markerstarted working with local farming communities to find ways to protect theirlivestock from the big cats. In nineteen ninety-four, sheproposed that Namibian farmers use Anatolian Shepherds to protect their cattleand other animals. Ms. Marker now raises and trains the guard dogs, which putthemselves between the livestock and any attacker. （275words） 做完练习了，帖子末尾有文章里头提到的一种小动物的萌图哦，大家回忆回忆这可爱的小动物叫啥？嘿嘿~ 自由阅读 LAURIE MARKER: "Thisbreed has been used for about five thousand years to protect livestock frompredators. And they act as a guardian by avoidance – they bark loudly, theytell a predator that they're there protecting the flock, and the flock willcome around the dog and by the dog barking – the predator doesn't want to gethurt – and they will then avoid those flocks where the dogs are." FAITH LAPIDUS: Over the pastfifteen years, CCF has bred and given more than four hundred dogs to Namibianfarmers. They have reported up to an eighty percent decrease in livestocklosses. At the same time, many farmers have grown to accept having cheetahsaround. LAURIE MARKER: "Sinceour time in Namibia the population of cheetahs there was about a thousand tofifteen hundred individuals. Today it's probably thirty five hundred, maybe fourthousand cheetahs. So we've been able to really grow the population. And that'sout of a world population of about ten thousand." FAITH LAPIDUS: Ms. Markerwould like to keep growing that number by expanding the CCF programs to othercountries where cheetahs once lived. Today, Laurie Marker isconsidered one of the world's leading experts on cheetahs. She travels theworld giving speeches and attending money-raising events to increaseunderstanding of this highly endangered animal. LAURIE MARKER: "If we arenot successful we're going to lose this amazing species in a very short periodof time." (MUSIC) BOB DOUGHTY: This <a href="http://www.51voa.com/Science_in_the_News_1.html" target="_blank">SCIENCEIN THE NEWS</a> waswritten by Brianna Blake, Jim Tedder and Jerilyn Watson. Our producer was JuneSimms. I'm Bob Doughty. FAITH LAPIDUS: And I'm FaithLapidus. Join us again next week for more news about science in Special Englishon the Voice of America. (MUSIC) 答案：CHEETAH 猎豹  =).. Two baby cheetahs at the Nairobi Orphanage, part of Kenya'sWildlife Service SOURCE:<a href="http://www.51voa.com/VOA_Special_English/Count-Of-Greater-One-Horned-Rhinoceros-In-Nepal-Shows-Increased-Population-42398.html" target="_blank">http://www.51voa.com/VOA_Special_English/Count-Of-Greater-One-Horned-Rhinoceros-In-Nepal-Shows-Increased-Population-42398.html</a>

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-7-14 20:33:05

Obama vs. Cantor: Tempers Flare As DebtCeiling Negotiations Take a Dramatic Turn

resident Obama and House Majority Leader Eric Cantor engaged in ahigh stakes test of wills at Wednesday’s debt ceiling negotiations in the WhiteHouse, trading dramatic ultimatums in the most intense round of talks yet. Withtempers boiling over, Cantor took his grievances public in an unprecedentedpress conference after Obama issued a veto threat and told the Republicanlawmaker he’d had “enough.” The meeting began normallyenough, with Obama welcoming the eight congressional leaders from both partiesto the White House. He made opening remarks and then called on Cantor. Cantorgriped that the number figure in cuts has been shrinking since last week. LastThursday – when Obama and House Speaker John Boehner proposed a grand bargainthat Cantor helped bring down two days later in the face of a revolt from theright  – the President had offered $1.7 trillion in savings, Cantor said,as a baseline of agreement. After the failure of the big $4.5trillion deal, Cantor took over the negotiations for House Republicans.Suspiciously, he said, the baseline started shrinking. “When we were thereyesterday somehow the number became 1.6 to 1.7 to 1.8,” Cantor said he told thePresident. “So all of a sudden we are now drifting further downward and todaywe now look to be below $1.4 trillion.” Democratic sources say the number,which came from the talks led by Biden — talks that collapsed when Cantorwalked away from them two weeks ago — hasn’t changed. It has always been$1.5 trillion as a base with an additional $200 billion in health care savingsthat Republicans wanted and that the Administration had agreed to push for withcongressional Democrats. But Cantor wasn’t done. Not onlywas the baseline number shrinking, he said, but the details had changed: theWhite House wanted $80 billion in Medicare spending and another $50 billion tofix the dual eligible problem in the Prescription Drug Program. “That’ssomething we never agreed to in the Biden talks,” Cantor said. The President replied that thoughthe White House still advocated for the $1.7 trillion figure, House and Senate Democratscould not support it, especially without revenue increases. The President addedthat the new conditions also came from congressional Democrats. “Maybe theyought to get it straight and see if they can get to $1.7 trillion,” Cantor toldreporters in an unprecedented press conference outside of House votes in theSpeakers Lobby after the White House meeting. Listen to it here: Giventhat the two sides are so far apart – House Republicans have long demanded thevalue of any increase to the federal borrowing limit be offset by deficitreductions, and it will take at least a $2.4 trillion hike to get through 2012— Cantor offered to back off his insistence that there be only one debt ceilingvote. (Some context: up until this point House leadership aides had alwayssaid that the reason they were resistant to Senate Minority Leader MitchMcConnell’s suggestion of multiple votes is because they knew more than onevote would never pass their conference — ie, they didn’t consider it aconcession, but a necessity.) “And so, I said, ‘Really, Mr. President, ifyou look at where we are right now we are very far apart,” Cantor toldreporters. “And if you want the full $2.4 trillion increase and you won’t signanything else, I don’t know if we can get there. And so, I said I was willingto come off of my insistence that there be one vote that perhaps we could avoiddefault. That’s when he got very agitated.” Democratic sources coming out ofthe meeting allege that Cantor rudely interrupted the President three times –an accusation Cantor’s staff hotly disputes (“Eric waits to be recognizedbefore speaking to the President,” says Cantor spokesman Brad Dayspring).Democratic sources say that it was the third interruption that sparked thePresident’s temper. The following paraphrased accountof what President Obama said next is cobbled together from Democratic andRepublican sources: What we’re seeing here confirmswhat the American people think is the worst about Washington: that everyone ismore interested in posturing and political positioning and protecting theirbase than solving real problems. Eric, I could get well above the numbersthe GOP is talking about with revenue increases.  I am not afraid to vetothis and I will take that message and defend it to the American people. If wedefault, it will be a tax increase on every American. My responsibility is tothe American people. I have reached the point where I say, ‘Enough.’ I have sathere long enough and no other President – Ronald Reagan wouldn’t sit here likethis. I’ve reached my limit. We’ve reached the point where something’s gotto give. You’ve either got to compromise on your dollar for dollar insistenceor you compromise on the big deal, which means raising taxes. Eric, don’t callmy bluff. I will go to the American people on this. This may bring mypresidency down, but I will not yield on this. According to Cantor, Obama thenshoved back his chair and stormed out of the room. Democrats present at themeeting said there was no shoving or storming involved, he simply got up andsaid, “I’ll see you tomorrow.” “I was somewhat taken abackbecause, you know, I was compromising,” Cantor told reporters. A Democraticsource involved in the talks scoffed at Cantor’s “compromise.” “We’re not abanana republic,” the source said. “We’re not going to deal with this everythree to six months. If you think it’s hard now imagine how hard it’ll be inthe middle of an election.” The episode illustrates how farapart the two sides remain, even as the nation stands at the brink. Butperhaps almost as troubling is Cantor’s litigation of this tension in thepress. I have never seen negotiations broadcast so openly. It’s not a goodsign. For every major successful bill I’ve covered on the Hill — Medicare PartD, the Bush tax cuts, the 2005 energy bill, CAFTA, the pension overhaul, TARP,the stimulus and health care reform — the principals always came out of theroom and said, ‘We’re making progress,’ or ‘Nice try, but I’m not going tonegotiate with you,’ or even, ‘I’m not going to negotiate with myself.’ An agreement on raising the debtceiling will not come from winning a spin war. If talks collapse, both sideswill be blamed and whatever they’re saying now really won’t matter much inthe face of economic disaster. The only solution at this point is to bite thebullet and draft a deal everyone is unhappy with. And the more public theprocess is – both for Cantor and the President – the harder it will become toreach a deal behind closed doors. Don’t get me wrong, I like getting the storyas much as the next reporter. And if something big happens, we usually findout. But when talks blow up there’s a real risk: if negotiators can’t trusteach other not to snipe in the press, how can they trust each other to joinarms and enact something as painful as deficit reduction? SOURCE: <a href="http://swampland.time.com/2011/07/14/obama-vs-cantor-tempers-flare-as-debt-ceiling-negotiations-take-a-dramatic-turn/" target="_blank">http://swampland.time.com/2011/07/14/obama-vs-cantor-tempers-flare-as-debt-ceiling-negotiations-take-a-dramatic-turn/</a>参考材料：搜狐财经网相应新闻链接<a href="http://business.sohu.com/20110715/n313505548.shtml" target="_blank">http://business.sohu.com/20110715/n313505548.shtml</a>

【第一期阅读小分队（已结束）】【每日阅读练习贴——速度+越障】【一楼汇总】（另附CD首发花儿阅读教材PDF）

【速度2-8】今天做完有奖哦~嘿嘿，读完就看到奖品了~虽然不读完也能看到奖品，囧~

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