【第一期阅读小分队（已结束）】【每日阅读练习贴——速度+越障】【一楼汇总】（另附CD首发花儿阅读教材PDF）

shunwen · 发表于 2011-7-13 13:10:52

障碍2-2 哈佛的学校经费问题 有个人garey，他的blog里讨论到这些 1.经费用来吸引名人的 2.也有一部分用来招收比较贫穷的学生 3.用于一些设施的建设 中间不知道哪点讲到argument的三个问题 最后说了下哈佛学校的回答还是什么，有点忘了

clumsy123 · 发表于 2011-7-13 22:54:44

速度1-2 计时1 差2行 计时2 差3行 计时3 差6行 计时4 差1行 计时5 差1行 我发现看得快了，对于理解就有些问题了~~ 越障1-2   9min 貌似整篇文章说的是DBT对于治疗抑郁症、自杀倾向症的作用，但是具体每段都忘了= =！还是再看一遍吧。。。仔细看了一遍：前半篇主要介绍DBT的大致情况、作用，发明者的一些实验成果；后半篇主要从作者的角度，如何对其进行验证，对结果的一些预测。

裤裤melo · 发表于 2011-7-13 23:44:37

来了来了~~~~~~~~~ 1-2 计时1,2行 计时2,1行 计时3,3行 计时4,2行 计时5,2行 今天做计时的时候看完强迫回忆，基本上都可以~~~应该是文章很简单吧~~~ 越障8:30~~~~~~文章蛮长，dbt的一些一些。。。晕晕的，回忆很晕。。。貌似。。。还是。。。读了和不读差不多啊！。。。看来越障是重点要突破的地方~~~ 加油加油~~~看大家越障都有写提纲什么的，明天要强迫自己慢慢开始，写一些是一些~~~

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-7-13 23:48:08

<div class="maxcode-quote">
来了来了~~~~~~~~~ 1-2 计时1,2行 计时2,1行 计时3,3行 计时4,2行 计时5,2行 今天做计时的时候看完强迫回忆，基本上都可以~~~应该是文章很简单吧~~~ 越障8:30~~~~~~文章蛮长，dbt的一些一些。。。晕晕的，回忆很晕。。。貌似。。。还是。。。读了和不读差不多啊！。。。看来越障是重点要突破的地方~~~ 加油加油~~~看大家越障都有写提纲什么的，明天要强迫自己慢慢开始，写一些是一些~~~<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 裤裤melo (2011/7/13 23:44:37)</div> 
</div>
 速度可以不用回忆哈，保证速度和看懂就行~越障倒是有必要谢谢回忆的恩恩~^^个人观点~

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-7-13 23:49:09

<div class="maxcode-quote">
 我发现看得快了，对于理解就有些问题了~~ <div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 clumsy123 (2011/7/13 22:54:44)</div> 
</div>
 对啊对啊~~！~最近在调试最合适的速度和理解的平衡点，尽量在保证理解的情况下加速~

daisyの小夢想 · 发表于 2011-7-13 23:55:42

【越障2-2】 5:36 一个叫Carey的教育学者分析了以哈佛为首等几所研究学习的问题：对本科教育的投入过少。 一、研究数据分析 1. 数据来源：比较几十年来的赞助经费、教育投入、其他投入。 2. 数据比较：学校得到的资金赞助翻了几倍，但是都用来投入到research等等其他方面。 本科录取人数还是和原来1990年的差不多。 3. 本科教育投入少，举了一个art faculty的例子。 4. 其他大学却不断扩招，princeton yale stanford等等，给了国际学生更多的录取机会。 二、哈佛的辩护 1. 因为二十年前哈佛的招生人数已经比其他大学多了很多，所以现在即使没有再增加录取人数也和其他学校差不多 2. 有很多biomedical research需要经费资助，所以赞助费用到了research上 3. 因为有很多学生都需要助学费、奖学金那些，所以经费也是投入到学生身上。 三、Carey认为哈佛作出这样的辩护不是没有道理，这是常理的分析，但是同时哈佛也需要意识到这些问题，而不是仅仅辩护了就算没事了。问题是能督促学校进步的。 【速度2-6】 2 1 1 3 57s

daisyの小夢想 · 发表于 2011-7-14 00:31:46

【速度2-7】 计时1 Human-Waste Gold Mine: Bill Gates Looks to Reinvent the Toilet This post is in partnership with Worldcrunch, a new global-news site that translates stories of note in foreign languages into English. The article below was originally published in Die Welt. Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft who has morphed into the world's best-known philanthropist, wants to reinvent the toilet. This next big idea for the good of mankind will now also be getting help from German taxpayers after Development Minister Dirk Niebel earmarked $10 million for a joint project with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Over the next five years, this project aims to provide 800,000 people in Kenya with access to sanitation facilities and ensure clean drinking water for 200,000. The goal is to find "innovative solutions" for sanitation in poor urban areas. Gates says it's time to move on from the era of the classic toilet. He points out that, despite all the recent achievements, 40% of the world's population, or some 2.5 billion people, still lives without proper means of flushing away excrement. But just giving them Western-style toilets isn't possible because of the world's limited water resources. The matter is urgent: the lack of sanitary installations and hygienic waste removal furthers the spread of disease. UNICEF estimates that 1.1 billion people worldwide don't have access to any kind of toilet or ways of eliminating waste. That, in turn, fouls drinking water and can cause diarrhea, which spreads quickly. （字数 248） 计时2 According to UNICEF, at least 1.2 million children under the age of 5 die of diarrhea every year; the main cause is contact with human feces. At the end of June, U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon — together with UNICEF — approved a five-year sustainable sanitation plan under which the number of people who have no access to toilets would be halved by 2015. Ban emphasized that sanitary installations not only play a decisive role in reducing world poverty, but they are crucial for sustainable development and for making it possible to achieve Millennium Development Goals. Dutch engineer Frank Rijsberman agrees. He heads the Water, Sanitation & Hygiene department at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and he is presently working on two projects. With one project, the foundation supports the construction of pit latrines in rural areas and slums without sanitation facilities. With the other, it supports research projects, giving grants to scientists who come up with new ideas for using human excrement. He says there have been experiments to turn excrement into a kind of microwave that can be used as a source of energy. He says there are biological bacteria that could turn waste into compost; he talks about the possibility of toilets actually turning urine into drinking water. Human waste could be a real gold mine, Rijsberman jokes. In view of the world's limited water resources, both the Gates Foundation and German Development Policy support various projects for dry toilets that do not use water to flush and that separate excrement from urine in order to dry it. （字数 259） 计时3 Another method put forward by the Gates Foundation in South Africa is using the urine of 400,000 people to make nitrogenous fertilizer in powder form. A similar albeit high-tech variation is currently being tested by the Society for International Cooperation in Eschborn, Germany. Germany and the Gates Foundation's projects are complementary, says the German Ministry for Development. The importance of this research is not always easy to explain, says Rijsberman, because anything having to do with human waste provokes a "yuck factor." Furthermore, hundreds of thousands of those concerned are far from convinced that it's a good idea to use toilets in the first place. "We have a lot of work ahead us," says Rijsberman, who knows he can count on his boss's full support. And the billionaire himself seizes every opportunity to lobby for the end of the traditional Western toilet. In April, Gates met with German Chancellor Angela Merkel and President Christian Wulff in Berlin. In a press conference he told journalists that they didn't talk politics, but discussed the idea of the "ultimate toilet." From TIME: http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2082509,00.html

ioneering Reporter Helped Change Face of US TV News For thousands of TV viewers in the San Francisco Bay Area, Davis is a trusted, familiar face on the evening news. But, she recalls, while growing up, there were few black faces on TV. "When I was a kid at home, we used to yell, 'Come look, come look. There's a colored man on television.' And the whole family would stop and we'd come to get a little glimpse of whoever that person of color was," says Davis. "Well, my goodness, if you did that now, you'd be exhausted by the end of the day." （字数 281） 计时4 Early years Davis is one of the reasons American television now reflects the racial and ethnic diversity of the country. She grew up in a poor Louisiana family in the 1930s, a place and a time in which segregation and discrimination were rampant. Things weren’t much different when her family moved west, when Davis was still in school. "We arrived in California expecting milk and honey, was not at all so," she recalls. "Just being disliked by so many people who didn't like our accents, didn't like our names, just didn't like very much about us because we were so different.” Challenging times Davis began her career writing for Jet, a black magazine, before moving on to radio. She remembers the early years as pretty tough. “All my experience, the majority of it was working in totally segregated media. I could only work at stations that were programmed especially for black people. I could only write for newspapers that were published for a black audience. And no one else would give me even a decent (job) interview for many years." But Davis persevered. She was among the first to break the color barrier when she was hired by a San Francisco TV station in 1967. As the first woman of color in the newsroom, Davis was seen as an oddball and many of her colleagues thought she wouldn't last. At that time, Davis says, society at large wasn't ready for a black female TV reporter. She recalls encountering hostility and skepticism. （字数 251） 计时5 Breaking in "I was working, doing the City Hall beat, and I wasn't allowed in the press room. I couldn't even put a telephone in the press room. And when I was asked to leave news conferences, because they'd say 'This is for reporters.' No one could believe that I was a reporter," she says. "Or a couple of times in hotels, being mistaken for the ironing person or the cleaning person. Those were all parts of growing in the business." Determined to prove the skeptics wrong, Davis worked long hours and eventually reported on some of the most explosive stories in the headlines; Vietnam war protests, the Al Qaeda bombings in Africa that preceded 9/11 and the assassinations of San Francisco Mayor George Moscone and gay activist Harvey Milk. In addition to the headline news, Davis sought out stories that would otherwise go untold. In the 70s and 80s, she was among the first in the nation to report on breast cancer, dyslexia and the mysterious new disease that was killing gay men - AIDS. "The very first live interview with someone diagnosed with AIDS was a guy named Bobbi Campbell. Our technicians didn't understand the disease and it moved so swift and was killing so fast, that there was a lot of hysteria around it," she says. According to Davis, the technicians refusd to set up the microphone because they didn't want Campbell touching any of the equipment. （字数 240） ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 自由阅读 "It was one of those real demonstrations of women power. They decided that the medical reporter would put the mic on him and the producer would go ahead and crank it up upstairs and we recorded that program and it made history of a sort," she says, "and were rewarded greatly by the fact that some lives were saved because of those early stories." Today, Davis is still telling important stories. Now in her 70s, she remains active in journalism as host of a weekly current affairs show on public television. Off the air, she continues to promote the hiring of minorities in the media, and serves as a role model for young journalists who will tell the important stories of the future. From VOA: http://www.51voa.com/VOA_Standard_English/Pioneering-Reporter-Helped-Change-Face-of-TV-News-42393.html

daisyの小夢想 · 发表于 2011-7-14 00:39:17

【越障2-3】 Supernovae Seed Galaxies with Massive Amounts of Dust A supernova that went off in 1987 produced large quantities of dust, which may explain why galaxies in the early universe were so dusty Dust on earthly objects is often an indicator of antiquity. But that is not always the case for cosmic objects, some of which have quite a bit of dust despite their relative youth. Galaxies out toward the edge of the visible universe, so distant that astronomers see them as they existed less than a billion years after the big bang, seem to already harbor large quantities of interstellar dust. But just how that dust appeared in such a short time remains unsettled. Now a group of astronomers reports that exploding stars known as supernovae could be a major dust producer in those early galaxies. The researchers based their conclusion on new observations of a recent, relatively nearby supernova whose light first reached Earth on February 23, 1987, from the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way about 160,000 light-years away. Known as Supernova 1987A, the stellar cataclysm has provided a unique opportunity for astronomers to watch a supernova's aftermath. With the help of a new space borne infrared observatory, the European Space Agency's Herschel telescope, Mikako Matsuura of University College London and her colleagues were able to make an accounting of the material ejected during Supernova 1987A. In a study published online July 7 in Science, Matsuura and her co-authors reported that the supernova produced copious amounts of dust grains made of carbon, silicates and possibly iron. The researchers estimated that the supernova ejecta contains, in dust alone, 40 to 70 percent the mass of the sun. (The progenitor star of Supernova 1987A was likely a giant 20 times the sun's mass whose core collapsed, triggering the explosion.) "What we found is this supernova is making significant amounts of dust using the elements that have formed in the star and during the supernova event," Matsuura says. If supernovae at high redshifts—that is, at great cosmic distances—behave similarly, that could explain why galaxies in the early universe were so dusty, even though those galaxies had not existed long enough to contain so-called asymptotic giant branch, or AGB, stars, another ready source of dust. (AGB stars are aging celestial objects that often shed mass by blowing dust into the interstellar medium.) "Since the discovery of dusty, high-redshift galaxies, people have been asking, 'Where did this dust come from?'" says study co-author Michael J. Barlow, a UCL astrophysicist. "For high-redshift galaxies—these are galaxies less than a billion years after the big bang—they seem too young to have old stars." Supernovae had been proposed as another source of interstellar dust, but they are rare at relatively close range, where they can be carefully monitored, and observational evidence was lacking. "Lots of people had these models where you could create dust in these supernovae, but no one had really seen it," says Haley Gomez, an astrophysicist at Cardiff University in Wales who did not contribute to the new study. Gomez was part of a group that in 2003 reported significant dust production from an older but closer supernova known as Cassiopeia A, or Cas A, which went off in the Milky Way in the 17th century. The remnant of that supernova is still visible, but its proximity actually poses something of a challenge. "The problem with it being in the Milky Way is there's also a lot of other stuff in the Milky Way," Gomez says. "What we interpreted as coming from Cas A could also have come from intervening material." Further research strengthened the case that Cas A, in fact, produced a large mass of dust, but the case for Supernova 1987A is even more clear-cut and should solidify the supernova-dust connection. Even though Supernova 1987A resides in another galaxy, there is very little dust along the line of sight between Earth and the supernova remnant, allowing researchers a clear view. "This is why this will make a big splash, because it's a confirmed case where there really is no other possibility for it," Gomez says. Having shown that Supernova 1987A created lots of dust, Matsuura and her colleagues would now like to know the dust's fate over the coming decades. Can it persist long enough in the supernova's violent wake to fill interstellar space? "One of the things is because the supernova happened so recently, we want to see what happens to the dust," she says. "The thing that we want to see is whether the dust can stay around; can the stuff survive the shock waves?" The question of dust is not just one of interstellar detritus—the particulate debris between stars can eventually become the stuff of life. "One of the reasons why we're interested in dust is it gets incorporated in stars and planetesimals," or planetary building blocks, Barlow says. "The Earth itself is formed from interstellar dust; the elements in our bodies were once in interstellar dust." Gomez adds, "It's really the building blocks of what goes into planets, asteroids and even us. We all come from the same thing." From Scientific American: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=sn1987a-dust

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-7-14 01:05:06

扫到了标题，明天这两篇好像会好好玩的样子~嘿嘿~明早起来看~

fox0923 · 发表于 2011-7-14 02:01:59

科技文哪，看来今天的越障会比较有挑战性，把计划先完成了就来读。。谢了，daisy。。

【第一期阅读小分队（已结束）】【每日阅读练习贴——速度+越障】【一楼汇总】（另附CD首发花儿阅读教材PDF）

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