gwd 3-39

梦精灵_Fly

GMAT选择的是最好的，又不是一定完全正确的，如果和其他的比较，它最好，那就是它了！强烈支持A！D的过去分词优先修饰的是最靠近的名词，这个规则在OG里面一再的强调。所以D的歧义是很严重的错误啦。

A可以看作一个大的并列，套一个小并列。和最近常考到的：A,B,and C, as well as D 这样的并列有点类似的感觉吗（当然不一样了）

tonyadidas

carrying与compared with夹在主谓间，是作状语修饰谓语呢还是作定语修饰主语.这个问题我回完帖去上课的路上还在想，真不知该怎么解释。ring-cheng妹妹/姐姐真是一刀见血：）所以请大家把og拿出来，先看178和179题，很明显这两道题都涉及了现在分词修饰歧义的问题。但分析的出发点是对名词性成份的修饰歧义。我是这样给自己解释的：从句与主句之间，加入分词结构，这会产生修饰歧义。而把分词结构作为插入语，插入到主谓之间，应该没什么问题吧？自己觉得回答得很不严谨，只是凭自己的记忆没有遇到过插入主谓之间这样的错误。请大家指正帮助。是该有个答案了。

ring_cheng

先把tony兄弟所说的例子拿出来（其它的请大家多多补充）：

178. In the last few years, the number of convicted criminals given community service sentences. which allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public, have risen dramatically.

(A)sentences, which allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public, have

(B) sentences, performing specific jobs that benefit the public while being allowed to remain unconfined, have

(C) sentences, performing specific jobs beneficial to the public while they are allowed to remain unconfined, have

(D) sentences which allow them to remain unconfined in their performing of specific jobs beneficial to the public has

(E) sentences allowing them to remain unconfined while performing specific jobs that benefit the public has

At issue in this question is subject-verb agreement; the number ... has risen must be the kernel(要点，精髓) of the main clause. Choice E, the best answer, uses a singular verb form, has, to agree with the singular subject, the number. Choices A, B, and C mistake criminals for the sentence subject and so incorrectly use the plural verb form have. In B and C the verb phrases (performing .. . ) do not clearly modify criminals, because another noun (sentences) intrudes, nor do the verb phrases clearly establish temporal relationships among events

179. During the early years of European settlement on a continent that was viewed as "wilderness" by the newcomers. Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land. were a help in the rescuing of many Pilgrims and pioneers from hardship, or even death.

(A)Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land, were a help in the rescuing of

(B) Native Americans knew the ecology and the land intimately and this enabled them to help in the rescue of

(C) Native Americans, with their intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land, helped to rescue

(D) having intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land. Native Americans helped the rescue of

(E) knowing intimately the ecology of the land, Native Americans helped to rescue

Choice A suffers from the wordy and indirect expression were a help in the rescuing of. B creates an awkward, redundant, fused sentence in which the first clause has to be repeated in the vague this of the second clause; further­more, the comma required before and in larger compound sentences is omitted D and E are confusingly worded because they begin with present participles (having and knowing) that appear at first to refer to the immediately preceding noun, newcomers, rather than to Native Ameri­cans. D also has the wordy and unidiomatic helped the rescue of. Clear, direct, and economical, choice C is best.

还有天山4-30

Unlike the short flights of the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, which carried sufficient power in fuel cells and batteries, a permanently orbiting space station will have to generate its own electricity.

B: the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, with sufficient enough power in fuel cells and batteries for their short flights

D the shuttle and earler spacecraft, which were capable of carrying sufficient power in fuel cells and batteries for their short flights.

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-5-31 20:45:06编辑过]

tonyadidas

感谢ring cheng!

蓝夕叶子

我选A，等会补充，要去上课了。  

携隐

如此长的讨论！看了我半天。清楚起见，我总结下主要的一些论点吧：

支持A：
1.大并列套小并列，语法上讲没有错误
2.清楚表达两层意思，“承载7人”以及“比其他车更A、B、C and D”

反对A：系列动词之间只能用一个and

支持D：
1.两个分词短语可以同时修饰主语M，语法上也没有错误，并且由于人不能跟车作比较，所以compared的逻辑主语不会产生任何歧义。最佳的例子由tonyadidas提供：大全中armed和traveling并列修饰主语的那题。
2.stoneren：表达的是转折的关系，虽然能承载7人但却...，所以A不对
3.JERRYGUAN：必须要在相同的基础上才能进行比较，所以D表达了“一样能承载7人，M却比其他车子更...”的意思

反对D：compared分词修饰歧义；该用法不为ETS所喜。

我的观点：
1.A的大并列套小并列语法上没有错误，且表达的意思也很清晰。完全同意LES的看法；
2.D的compared即使没有修饰passengers的歧义，也存在到底是比较承载乘客的数量，还是比较cost less等的歧义。
2.以下是我针对支持D的意见的看法：
关于tony提供的大全的题目：我记得这一题的讨论贴中提到，这种修饰代表着两层含义，即armed实际上是作为travel这个动作的伴随状态，说明的是这两个人在travel的时候的一种状态，而不是仅仅和traveling并列修饰主语。在这一题上，tianwan和stoneren倒都统一持以上意见。但是本题不存在两层修饰含义，compared必然不是修饰carrying的。
关于stoneren提到的表转折：前面很多人都说了，本题可以表递进，并不是转折。意思为“能承载7人，而且...”
关于JERRYGUAN提到的在同一基础上才能进行比较：as many as 7 passengers并不是表达“同样多的人”的意思，而是表达“多达7人”的意思。

lawyer_1

关于GWD3-39语法题，凑一下热闹。

我认为答案为D。原文的谓语结构是并列谓语：get, allow, and have.划线部分给个主语就行了，如果给谓语，必须也是能和后面的并列谓语并列的。

A的错误在于多了个AND。将A代替原文划线部分，谓语结构变为：carry and,get, allow, and have.这显然是错的。随顺说一下，compared with部分是cost的状语。

B错在双主语minivans和they

C错得更多

D对。carrying分词结构是Minavans的定语。谓语结构为：cost,get,allow,and have。非常好的并列谓语

E。错得更多。

happyfish0517

agree A...

A的大并列套小并列语法上没有错误...也经常考啊

D中我记得大全里有一题明确地说，不能用一个现在分词+一个过去分词同时做状语修饰n...一主动一被动不是ETS所prefer的用法

另外，谢谢 携隐  整理的真好...我看了3页讨论就疯了...幸亏跳到最后一页来发现了携隐的归纳...很清楚，省了不少事情...

seekmydream

幸福mm说得对, A一点也没错,没看2页我也差点想吐了.幸亏携隐mm及时出现了.

既然前人认为A唯一的遗憾是and,那我更坚定了选A,因为and一点错也没有.

Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less, get better gas mileage, allow passengers to get in and out more easily, and have a smoother ride.

无论语法上还是逻辑上都没错. 第一个and是第一层次的连接,第二个and是第二层次的连接.

compared 过去分词短语等同于一非限定性定语从句省略了which are,作插入成分,修饰minivans.

关于D Minivans, carrying as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,

compared绝对有问题,compared 在语法上优先就近修饰最接近的名词passengers.除非在如下情况

下才可以跳跃修饰:

Minivan, carrying as many as seven passengers, which is compared with ...  这时which is 一定要补出. 例子

可参阅og85沙发市场那道题.

melodyji

A

totally agree,

The example that ring-cheng gave confirms that 分词短语 修饰歧义；该用法不为ETS所喜...