gwd 8 7

mikeleven

很明显是C，
A-->1个研究指出：82-92年间，半导体取得专利的方式产生意外的结果。注意：不是说研究发现令人意外的结果。所以A跟yet(文章第2句话)无关！！
但是文章只提到半导体产业为了一些原因(最后1句话)-->导致不断利用既有的研发成果取得新的专利，而未提及如此一来又造成什么意外的结果，更没说如此导致半导体产业不创新研发。
文章第2句的yet刚好说明了主题-->很多研究都指出：半导体产业并未如大家想像(第1句话)专利跟着研发成果一起增加。正好就是选项C：半导体产业专利与研发之间的关系。

大家觉得哩？请指教...

rhod

请注意这句话, Ziedonis and Hall, for example, found that...

明显这个study本身不是主题, 而是用来证明主题观点的.

exan

C 好一些

整篇都是在谈patent和innovation的关联(connection)。

originally认为innovation刺激patent (connection between patent and innovation)

case study发现是strategic purpose刺激patent (disconnection between patent and innovation)

另外选项A所谈到的patent所带来的results，我感觉只有quality of patent declined。但文中谈及"investment of patent"和"quality of patent"只是论据，不是论点。

文章的focus是purpose of patent，不是result of patent。显然purpose和result不同；purpose在patent之前，而result在patent之后。

exan

请教gwd 8的Q4(gwd-8-4)

Q4:
According to the passage, Frazier and Mosteller believe which of the following about
medical research?

A.     It is seriously flawed as presently conducted because researchers overlook facts that are relevant to the subject of their research.

B.     It tends to benefit certain subgroups of patients disproportionately.

C.     It routinely reveals new variables in research on entirely new treatments.

D.     It can be made more accurate by limiting the amount of information researchers collect.

E.      It cannot be free of the risk that significant variables may be overlooked.

答案是E，我选了B.

E其它都不错，只是significant我拿不准。原文只是说相关的，并没有说significant。

(10)     analysis. Although limiting information

      collection could increase the risk that

      researchers will overlook facts relevant

      to a study, Frazier and Mosteller contend

      that such risk, never entirely eliminable

(15) from research, would still be small in most

      studies.

B确实有点牵强，我的理解是

(25) the disease under study. Often research­ers

      restrict study participation to patients

      who have no ailments besides those being

      studied. A treatment judged successful

      under these ideal conditions can then

(30) be evaluated under normal conditions.

只有某些subgroup满足ideal conditions，那treatment是successful,所以benefit；但有些subgroup不同程度地满足ideal conditions，那treatment则是disproportionately benefit.

请教各位，遇到一个选项其它都很perfect，只是某个限定词看起来不舒服，但其他选项理解起来比较牵强，应该怎么办？

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-10-14 2:33:54编辑过]

tulipmontreal

我认为C

因为A中的yielded unanticipated results没有提到

horsefish

Q9: 答案是A,为何不是D

The passage makes which of the following claims about patent quality in the semiconductor industry?

A. It was higher in the early 1980’s than it was a decade later.

B. It is largely independent of the number of patents granted.

C. It changed between 1982 and 1992 in ways that were linked to changes in research and development expenditures.

D. It is not adequately discussed in the industry’s technical literature.

E. It was measured by inappropriate means during the period from 1982 to 1992.

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-10-18 4:26:27编辑过]

rings

同问A选项的than it was a decade later似乎看不出来啊

blackhorse

以下是引用rings在2004-10-18 15:37:00的发言：
同问A选项的than it was a decade later似乎看不出来啊

刚好做到这篇文章，我选了A。原因就是文章中说between 82 to 90's， patent 的质量下降了。取非，就是A的答案： It was higher in the early 1980’s than it was a decade later

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-10-19 22:45:17编辑过]

blackhorse

Q7 to Q10:
The system of patentgranting,
which confers
temporary monopolies for
Line the exploitation of new tech-
(5) nologies, was originally
established as an incentive
to the pursuit of risky new
ideas. Yet studies of the
most patent-conscious
(10) business of all—the semiconductor
industry—suggest
that firms do not necessarily
become more innovative as
they increase their patenting
(15) activity. Ziedonis and Hall,
for example, found that
investment in research and
development (a reasonable
proxy for innovation) did
(20) not substantially increase
between 1982 and 1992,
the industry’s most feverish
period of patenting. Instead,
semiconductor firms simply
(25) squeezed more patents out
of existing research and
development expenditures.
Moreover, Ziedonis and
Hall found that as patenting
(30) activity at semiconductor
firms increased in the
7
1980’s, the consensus
among industry employees
was that the average quality
(35) of their firms’ patents
declined. Though patent
quality is a difficult notion
to measure, the number of
times a patent is cited in
(40) the technical literature is
a reasonable yardstick, and
citations per semiconductor
patent did decline during
the 1980’s. This decline in
(45) quality may be related to
changes in the way semiconductor
firms managed
their patenting process:
rather than patenting to win
(50) exclusive rights to a valuable
new technology, patents
were filed more for strategic
purposes, to be used as
bargaining chips to ward
(55) off infringement suites or
as a means to block
competitors’ products.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q7:
The passage is primarily concerned with discussing
A. a study suggesting that the semiconductor industry’s approach to patenting during
the period from 1982 to 1992 yielded unanticipated results
B. a study of the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992 that
advocates certain changes in the industry’s management of the patenting process
C. the connection between patenting and innovation in the semiconductor industry
during the period from 1982 to 1992
D. reasons that investment in research and development in the semiconductor
industry did not increase significantly during the period from 1982 to 1992
E. certain factors that made the period from 1982 to 1992 a time of intense patenting
activity in the semiconductor industry
Answer: a

今天我做了GWD8这套题目，就这篇文章我是全对(RC共错了4个，唉，还需提高呀，郁闷！）。谈谈我对Q7的理解，欢迎大家拍砖。

文章主要就讲了两点：1、研究表明专利授予系统没有达到预期的更创新的目的（Yet studies of the
most patent-conscious
(10) business of all—the semiconductor
industry—suggest
that firms do not necessarily
become more innovative as
they increase their patenting
(15) activity.）

后面举例解释，包括两个主要论据，一是投资没增加，二是从现有专利上榨取更多利益

2、专利的质量下降了。后面解释原因是策略不合适。（隐含的意思也是原来期望质量应该提高）

看Q7，我用排除法，A先保留，B、D、E很容易就排除了，C为什么我认为错呢，就是因为文章的只是讲了一部分他们的关系，C选项没有包括观点2的内容；而且，可以通读全篇文章，明白作者要阐述的主要的目的是解释这个专利系统没有达到期望的目的，而不是他们之间的关系，所以排除了C。

我想主题题目选项只涉及文章部分内容，作为正确答案就不合适了。

欢迎大家指正。

horsefish

再问D为什么不对?