Prior to 1965 geologists assumed 时间状语
that the two giant rock plates meeting at
the San Andreas Fault generate heat
Line through friction as they grind past each老观点 两个巨型岩石产生热量是通过摩擦
(5) other, but in 1965 Henyey found that 强转折 H 温度和预期的不一样
temperatures in drill holes near the
fault were not as elevated as had
been expected. Some geologists
wondered whether the absence of
(10) friction-generated heat could be
explained by the kinds of rock composing 一些科学家质疑 形成断层的岩石种类能否解释 the absence of friction generated heat
the fault. Geologists’ pre-1965
assumptions concerning heat generated
in the fault were based on 指出老观点的错误 只基于一般种类的岩石进行的计算
(15) calculations about common varieties of
rocks, （such as limestone and granite; 举例
but “weaker” materials, such as clays,
had already been identified in samples
retrieved from the fault zone. ）Under
(20) normal conditions, rocks composed of
clay produce far less friction than do
other rock types.
In 1992 Byerlee tested whether 1992年B进行的实验 发现是压力而不是岩石的性质 影响 frictional heating 从而否定了第一段中科学家门的质疑
these materials would produce friction
(25) 10 to 15 kilometers below the Earth’s
surface. Byerlee found that when clay
samples were subjected to the thousands
of atmospheres of pressure
they would encounter deep inside the
(30) Earth, they produced as much friction
as was produced by other rock types.
The harder rocks push against each
other, the hotter they become; in other
words, pressure itself, not only the
(35) rocks’ properties, affects frictional
heating. Geologists therefore wondered 强因果
whether the friction between the
plates was being reduced by pockets
of pressurized water within the fault that
push the plates away from each other. | 
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发表于 2005-11-7 23:34:00
