gwd-6-v5

hornololo

以下是引用mikeleven在2004-10-13 23:32:00的发言：

567:
BBC
完全支持

6:给个C不能削弱的理由:
C说的状况可想像如下
1.较早的era有800种生物，气候大变，变热，100种不耐热的死光了
2.于是还有700种生物存活到pleistocene era，气候又大变，这次变冷，死了617种不耐寒的。
3.后来的era气候又变热，死3种。
.....an so on。
结论：C成立-->其中的2造成了大规模的动物绝迹-->完全支持了K的看法，何来削弱?

给个Ｃ可以削弱的理由：

１．较早的era有800种生物，气候大变，变热，所有生物都没绝种

２．气候又大变，这次变冷，还是一样，所有生物都没绝种

３．ＥＮＤ　ＯＦ　ＴＨＥ　ＥＲＡ，气候又大变，这次死了很多，

这样还能推出气候是造成了大规模的动物绝迹的原因吗？

个人认为，Ｃ

芥兰叶

以下是引用hornololo在2008-8-11 12:21:00的发言：

给个Ｃ可以削弱的理由：

１．较早的era有800种生物，气候大变，变热，所有生物都没绝种

２．气候又大变，这次变冷，还是一样，所有生物都没绝种

３．ＥＮＤ　ＯＦ　ＴＨＥ　ＥＲＡ，气候又大变，这次死了很多，

这样还能推出气候是造成了大规模的动物绝迹的原因吗？

个人认为，Ｃ

我也支持C!

第一句话，the wave of species extinctions that occurred in North America about 11,000 years ago, at the end of the
        Pleistocene era，Martin的理论也许不对，但是谁都没有反对灭绝潮发生在end of P这个事实。那么如果发现climatic change在end of P之前，就质疑Krech的理论——为什么之前没有灭绝而要到后期才灭绝？而且在后面又强调了Krech asserting that widespread climatic change did indeed occur at the end of the Pleistocene.

而B，定位Nor were extinctions confined to large animals:  small animals, plants, and insects disappeared, presumably not all through human consumption. 关键是presumably这个词，LONGMAN的解释是【used to say that you think something is probably true，It's raining, which presumably means that your football match will be cancelled.】，之后not all部分否定，表达了Krech认为并非所有的这些物种都被人类消耗掉了，他自己认为（1）这些物种是被人类消耗了一些，（2）这些物种灭绝了。那么请问，新发现说人类消耗同时这些东西灭绝了，对其有何削弱呢？

zbna5

以下是引用fair_sword在2004/6/15 13:23:00的发言：

我的gwd11这个答案是c，请二位把GWD11的答案贴一下。我这里的答案有问题。

这个题B是对的，定位在：Krech

also contradicts Martin’s exclusion of

climatic change as an explanation by

(20)     asserting that

吼吼,好厉害啊,还是应该定位到原文,每个问题都是给出答案了滴...~万不可自己瞎推理

没办法1987

K反对的理由1：动物们的死和人类活动没有关系，因为大小动物都死了，小动物人类是不用的

B：小动物人类也用。weaken

K反对的理由2：天气变化对动物们的死是有影响的，因为在P末期天气变化了

C：不仅在P末期天气变化了，在P之前之后天气都变化着。

我觉得无关，文章只关心P末期，P之前之后天气变化超出范围了，你怎么知道P之前之后动物没有死光光？而且要是细想的话，他还有支持作用，毕竟他承认P末期天气变化了！！！

yoshimihoku

Q6中的C应当属于有因无果，从而削弱因果关系。

题中并没有说，人类完全不吃那些小动物，只是说有一些小动物可能没有被人吃，结果也灭绝了。


而C中关于气候的原因，则属于常有的有因无果削弱了。

-- by 会员 shashaxz (2005/7/24 22:13:00)

我觉得不用讨论的那么复杂，注意题干中心词是Krech’s objections to Martin
原文中在Martin后K直接提出objection的只有：
However, anthropologist Shepard Krech points out that large animal species vanished even in areas where there is no evidence to demonstrate that Paleoindians hunted them. Nor were extinctions confined to large animals:small animals, plants, and insects disappeared, presumably not all through human consumption.

所以根本不需要往下去看climate，选项凡是带climate的都错

我们就到这

我觉得A的问题应该是出在depend on上，
K反驳时只是说了hunt，没有以depend on hunt来反驳M
所以反推过来——M也没有假设是depend on hunt

eilleenliu

6. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Krech’s objections to Martin’s theory?
A.    Further studies showing that the climatic change that occurred at the end of the Pleistocene era was even more severe and widespread than was previously believed
B.    New discoveries indicating that Paleoindians made use of the small animals, plants, and insects that became extinct
C.    Additional evidence indicating that widespread climatic change occurred not only at the end of the Pleistocene era but also in previous and subsequent eras
D.    Researchers’ discoveries that many more species became extinct in North America at the end of the Pleistocene era than was previously believed
E.    New discoveries establishing that both the arrival of humans in North America and the wave of Pleistocene extinctions took place much earlier than 11,000 years ago


K反对M关于human的观点是：还有很多植物、昆虫什么的灭绝，不是因为人类。
本题问哪项可以削弱K的反对：B选项，说最近发现人类的确在make use of 植物、昆虫，以至于导致他们灭绝。

最近的研究发现植物昆虫灭绝是因为人类~刚好和K对M的objections相反，所以B肯定对~

K反对M关于climate的观点是：M不认为climate造成动物灭绝，K不同意M，也就是说K认为动物灭绝由climate造成。C选项说：最近发现climate change不仅发生在那个era的后期，也发生在那个era前后~C选项和K的观点都是climate导致动物灭绝，所以C选项不能削弱K的观点~

buffonjuventus

哈哈，首先这个家伙的名字，shepard，让我第一个想起来的就是格雷。

6. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Krech’s objections to Martin’s theory?

A.Further studies showing that the climatic change that occurred at the end of the Pleistocene era was even more severe and widespread than was previously believed

B.New discoveries indicating that Paleoindians made use of the small animals, plants, and insects that became extinct

C.Additional evidence indicating that widespread climatic change occurred not only at the end of the Pleistocene era but also in previous and subsequent eras

D.Researchers’ discoveries that many more species became extinct in North America at the end of the Pleistocene era than was previously believed

E.New discoveries establishing that both the arrival of humans in North America and the wave of Pleistocene extinctions took place much earlier than 11,000 years ago



However, anthropologist Shepard Krech points out that large animal species vanished even in areas where there is no evidence to demonstrate that Paleoindians hunted them. Nor were extinctions confined to large animals:small animals, plants, and insects disappeared, presumably not all through human consumption.Krech also contradicts Martin’s exclusion of climatic change as an explanation by asserting that widespread climatic change did indeed occur at the end of the Pleistocene.


以上三个颜色代表了shepard krech反对martin的三个观点。1，在没有狩猎区域也发现了大动物的消失。2，没有通过人类的消耗，可是小动物，植物和昆虫也在消失。3，martin没有涵盖Pleistocene末端的气候改变因素的影响。


题中，B选项削弱中间的观点毋庸置疑。
C选项说Additional evidence indicating that widespread climatic change occurred not only at the end of the Pleistocene era but also in previous and subsequent eras。红色区域代表气候改变发生的时间。画个时间轴：
Previous era             Pleistocene era           subsequent era
——————————|——————————|——————————|



所以说C没有削弱，因为C给的气候变化的时间刚好加强了shepard对martin的反对。


一点浅见，欢迎讨论。。。

nancyhearste

哈哈，首先这个家伙的名字，shepard，让我第一个想起来的就是格雷。

6. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Krech’s objections to Martin’s theory?

A.Further studies showing that the climatic change that occurred at the end of the Pleistocene era was even more severe and widespread than was previously believed

B.New discoveries indicating that Paleoindians made use of the small animals, plants, and insects that became extinct

C.Additional evidence indicating that widespread climatic change occurred not only at the end of the Pleistocene era but also in previous and subsequent eras

D.Researchers’ discoveries that many more species became extinct in North America at the end of the Pleistocene era than was previously believed

E.New discoveries establishing that both the arrival of humans in North America and the wave of Pleistocene extinctions took place much earlier than 11,000 years ago



However, anthropologist Shepard Krech points out that large animal species vanished even in areas where there is no evidence to demonstrate that Paleoindians hunted them. Nor were extinctions confined to large animals:small animals, plants, and insects disappeared, presumably not all through human consumption.Krech also contradicts Martin’s exclusion of climatic change as an explanation by asserting that widespread climatic change did indeed occur at the end of the Pleistocene.


以上三个颜色代表了shepard krech反对martin的三个观点。1，在没有狩猎区域也发现了大动物的消失。2，没有通过人类的消耗，可是小动物，植物和昆虫也在消失。3，martin没有涵盖Pleistocene末端的气候改变因素的影响。


题中，B选项削弱中间的观点毋庸置疑。
C选项说Additional evidence indicating that widespread climatic change occurred not only at the end of the Pleistocene era but also in previous and subsequent eras。红色区域代表气候改变发生的时间。画个时间轴：
Previous era             Pleistocene era           subsequent era
——————————|——————————|——————————|



所以说C没有削弱，因为C给的气候变化的时间刚好加强了shepard对martin的反对。


一点浅见，欢迎讨论。。。

-- by 会员 buffonjuventus (2010/10/4 21:36:21)

强烈的支持这个！

选项C表明的时间段很tricky，让人误以为不管是Pleistocene era的前后时期 还是Pleistocene era 这整个时间段中，气候的变化都存在，而实际上，我们根据选项C和文中的信息（widespread climatic change did indeed occur at the end of the Pleistocen），我们可以推出Pleistocene era这个时期的前面部分是没有气候的变化的。那么Pleistocene era这个时期的前部分时期没有气候的变化，动物没有绝灭，到了Pleistocene era这个时期的后部分，气候发生变化，动物绝灭了，就可以推出是气候的变化使得动物绝灭，从而支持了Shepard对Martin的反对，所以选项C是支持而不是削弱。正确答案应该是B

coldice1205

选B
选C的童鞋是认为C：原因变动但结果没变（原因：climate changes,结果：extinction），所以climate不是导致灭绝的原因，因此削弱了K的object
但是这篇文章讲的是extinction that occurred at the end of P~只是说在end这段时间有发生，但没说C项but also里的previous&subsequent eras有无extinction发生,即原因变动，但结果未知，所以既不加强也不削弱。
如果这项加进在其他两段时期没有出现extinction,C才是削弱了K的objection
个人浅见~